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Human Physiology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ caused by:
Increase 02
Decrease CO2
Decreased H+
Increased sympathetic activity
Increased angiostatin 2
Increased endothelium
Cold
Stretch

A

Vasoconstriction

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2
Q

__________ caused by:
Decreased O2
Increased CO2
Increased H+
Increased nitric oxide
Decreased sympathetic activity
Histamine
Heart

A

Vasodialation

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3
Q

Pulse pressure equation

A

SBP- DBP= PP

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4
Q

Mean arterial pressure equation

A

DBP+ 1/3(PP)= MAP

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5
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

HR x SV= CO

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6
Q

Cardiac output when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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7
Q

Stroke volume when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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8
Q

Amount of blood in veins when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Decrease

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9
Q

Total peripheral distance when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Decrease

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10
Q

Mean artierial pressure when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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11
Q

Venous return when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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12
Q

Increased after load affect ejection fraction
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Sympathetic stimulation to the ventricles affect ejection fraction
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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14
Q

How will administration of AcH to ventricle wall effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

No change

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15
Q

How will administration of norepinephrine to venteicle wall effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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16
Q

How will vasoldialation of arteries effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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17
Q

How will increase in total peripheral resistance effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Decrease

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18
Q

How will increase in blood volume effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Increase

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19
Q

How will decrease in end diastolic volume effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

A

Decrease

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20
Q

Functions of cardiovascular system

A

Transport hormones
Transport cellular waste
Transport immune cells
Thermoregulation

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21
Q

Receives blood from veins

A

Atria

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22
Q

Pushes blood into arteries/ pulmonary and aortic valves

A

Ventricles

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23
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Ride side of heart

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24
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Left side of heart

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25
Q

Heart muscle

A

Myocardium

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26
Q

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

A

Desmosomes

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27
Q

Connect feels chemically and electrically

A

Gap junctions

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28
Q

Pacemaker

A

SA node

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29
Q

Volume of blood pumped out of heart per beat

A

Stroke volume

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30
Q

Amount of blood returned to heart from the body

A

Venous return

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31
Q

The greater stretch the stronger the hearts contraction

A

Frank Starling Law

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32
Q

Increase venous return/ pressure

A

Venoconstriction

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33
Q

Decrease venous return/ pressure

A

Venodialation

34
Q

Vasoldialation on TPR

A

Decrease

35
Q

Vasoconstriction on TPR

A

Increase

36
Q

Phases of cardiac cycle

A

Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation

37
Q

How do gases and liquids move

A

From high pressure to low pressurw

38
Q

Vessels that carry blood away from heart

A

Arteries

39
Q

Artery structure

A

Multi unit smooth muscle

40
Q

Controls BP and vascular resistance

A

Artery function

41
Q

Site of exchange, branch off Arterioles and collect into venules

A

Capillaries

42
Q

Vessels that carry blood toward heart

A

Veins

43
Q

Form from venules

A

Veins

44
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

45
Q

Movement of fluid into and out of capillaries

A

Bulk flow

46
Q

Capillary blood pressure
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial fluid colloid pressuee
Plasma colloid pressure

A

Pressure that drives bulk flow

47
Q

Fluid out of vessel

A

Filtration

48
Q

Fluid into vessel

A

Reabsorption

49
Q

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

A

Filtration

50
Q

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

A

Reabsorption

51
Q

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

A

Reabsorption

52
Q

Where do leaked fluid go?

A

Lymphatic vessels -> lymph nodes-> into veins to become plasma

53
Q

What is blood

A

Plasma and formed element s

54
Q

Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

A

Hemtocrit

55
Q

Blood percentage

A

55% plasma
45% hematocrit

56
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrogen

57
Q

55-60% of all plasma proteins

A

Albumins

58
Q

Transports hormones, vitamins, enzymes

A

Albumins function

59
Q

35-39% of plasma proteins

A

Globulins

60
Q

Transport, clotting, inactive protiens, antibodies

A

Globulin function

61
Q

7% of proteins

A

Fibrinogen

62
Q

Clotting

A

Fibrinogen function

63
Q

Irregularly shaped cell fragments involved in stopping bleeding

A

Thrombocytes

64
Q

Leaukocytes

A

White blood cells, mobile immune system

65
Q

MHC markers on cell membrane of all cells

A

Self antigens

66
Q

For Hein compounds that trigger an immune response

A

Non self antigens

67
Q

3 granulocytes (WBC)

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

68
Q

Most common WBC, acute infections

A

Neutrophils

69
Q

Ingest and kill pathogens

A

Neutrophil function

70
Q

Fight parasites and allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

71
Q

Rarest WBC, involved in inflammation and innate immunity, have her spin and histamine

A

Basophil

72
Q

2 agranulocytes (WBC)

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

73
Q

Largest WBC circulate in blood, enters infected tissue and difference rates into macrophages

A

Monocytes

74
Q

In lymph nodes, two immune responses: T and B cells

A

Lymphocytes

75
Q

Cellular mediated immunity, fight virus infected cells and tumor cells

A

T cells

76
Q

Antibody mediated immunity, produce antibodies for fighting bacterial infections

A

B cells

77
Q

Release histamine and initiate inflammation

A

Mast cells

78
Q

Process foreign antigens and present to lymphocytes

A

Dendritic cells

79
Q

Produces antibodies

A

Plasma cells

80
Q

Attack and destroy virus infected cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

81
Q

Most numerous T cell, stimulate antibody formation, attract and retain neutrophils and monocytes to infected areas

A

Helper T cells

82
Q

Suppress excessive immune responses, secrete inhibitory cytokines to suppress T and B cells, help prevent autoimmune diseases and allergies

A

Regulatory T cells

Human Physiology (4 decks)

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