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Exam 3: Interpersonal Attraction and Social Influence > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Altruism

A

Desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper

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2
Q

Selective Altruism

A

Explains why some people will go out on a limb for others

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3
Q

When does selective altruism occur

A

When we choose to help 1 person from a large group

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4
Q

What is the negative state relief model?

A

Helping others to make us feel good

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5
Q

What is the empathetic joy hypothesis?

A

empathy for another produces altruistic motivation to help

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6
Q

What is kin selection?

A

people favor others who are related to them

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7
Q

Excitation transfer theory

A

Any form of emotional arousal can enhance aggressive responses

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8
Q

Bystander effect of multiple bystanders

A

if no one else is trying to help, you will do the same and not help because of diffusion of responsibility

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9
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Reduction in feeling personal responsibility in the presence of others

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10
Q

Gender Difference in Empathy

A

-Females more empathetic than males
-Studies show mixed results on gender differences with empathy

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11
Q

Thanatos idea of aggression

A

Death wish that becomes redirected towards others instead of self

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12
Q

Freud’s idea of aggression

A

-Aggression is inmate
-Aggressive energy is constantly generated
-Aggression is the result of internal tension
-Aggression must be expressed

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13
Q

Crowdfunding

A

Raising money by obtaining many small amounts of money from many people

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14
Q

What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A

Frustration is a blocking of ongoing goal-directed behavior that produces an internal emotion of frustration at a situation that leads to aggression towards something and results in prejudice

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15
Q

Aggression cues, who’s research incorporated these into their studies

A

-Research done by Leonard Berkowitz
-Intervening variable towards triggering aggression
-Example: Driving by an ex’s house would be a cue

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16
Q

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Perspective

A

Acquire aggressive behaviors from direct experience from observing aggressive models (observing behaviors)

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17
Q

Effects of exposure to violence in TV/movies, how many TVs in US

A

-increases the probability of aggressive behavior

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18
Q

Brad Bushman’s research on TV violence

A

-Recall ad info after watching something violent
-Violence impairs memory

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19
Q

Effects of repeated exposure to violent pornography and other violent media content

A

More likely to exhibit sexual violence

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20
Q

What is the Type A behavior pattern?

A

a collection of personality characteristics, including perfectionism, time urgency, high drive for achievement, and hostility, which can increase one’s risk of cardiovascular disease

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21
Q

What is the Type B behavior pattern?

A

Easy-going, noncompetitive, and less prone to stress

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22
Q

What is instrumental aggression?

A

Useful in achieving a goal

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23
Q

When do gender differences in aggression shrink?

A

When provocation is present

24
Q

Gender and aggression relationships

A

-Men engage in direct aggression
-Women engage in indirect aggression (women feel guilty after being aggressive)

25
Q

What is punishment?

A

AN event that decreases the behavior that it follows

26
Q

Conditions for punishment to be effective

A

-Applied immediately after targeted behavior
-Punishment followed by explanations
-Punishment applied consistently
-Followed by demonstrations and reinforcement of correct behavior

27
Q

what is a role

A

set of expectations about the ways in which people are supposed to behave in situations

28
Q

Different types of norms

A

-Descriptive norm: based on what people actually do
-Injunctive norm: based on what people ought to do

29
Q

Theories of helping behavior (altruism)

A

-no one knows why it exists
-bases on unselfish concern for another’s welfare
-genetically determined vs altruistic personality

30
Q

Social facilitation theories

A

Zajonc: people tend to perform simple, familiar tasks better when in front of an audience

31
Q

Effects of having an audience when preforming a task

A

-Tend to perform better in front of an audience when the task is simple
-Tend to perform task worse in front of an audience when the task is complex or new

32
Q

Zajoc’s drive theory of social facilitation

A

mere presence of others increases arousal which increases the frequency of dominant responsese

33
Q

What is distraction-conflict theory

A

in the presence of others there is a conflict between attending to the person and attending to the task

34
Q

Social loafing

A

the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group

35
Q

When/how is social loafing reduced

A

-create smaller groups
-accountability
-prioritizing tasks

36
Q

Social dilemma

A

Selfish behavior results in individual gain but can result in collective disaster and competitive behavior

37
Q

Prisoner’s dilemma

A

-a game in which players act in rational, self-interested ways that leave everyone worse off
-a mixed-motive conflict

38
Q

Groupthink

A

individuals of small cohesive group tend of accept a viewpoint that represents a perceived group consensus which or not the group believe it to be valid

39
Q

Publicity before a trial and who benefits

A

-Publicity can sway jurors decision-making during trial verdicts but instilling a negative perception of the defendant
-Benefits prosecution

40
Q

False Memory

A

people remember events differently from the way they happened or remember events that never happened

41
Q

Scientific jury selection

A

use of social science techniques and expertise to choose favorable juries during trials

42
Q

Probability of conviction in a criminal case and its relations to attractiveness

A

-more attractive people are less likely to be processed through the system
-if found guilty, tend to receive lighter sentences

43
Q

Great person theory of leadership

A

idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation

44
Q

Transformational leaders

A

inspire and motivate their workforce without micromanaging

45
Q

Transactional leaders

A

achieving short-term goals and performing tasks correctly and to specifications (most effective)

46
Q

Culture of honor

A

Cultures placing high emphasis on the importance of willingness to protect family

47
Q

Altruism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

48
Q

Batson experiments

A

-students receive fake shocks
-students complain of bad experience with shock as a child. Participants asked if they wanted to trade places. More likely to trade if they look similar on any basis- hair color, skin color, clothes
- Empathy-altruism hypothesis

49
Q

How do different genders feel about SA cases

A

Males will assume sex was consensual

50
Q

Dynamogesis

A

an increase in the mental or motor activity of an already functioning bodily system that accompanies any added sensory stimulation

51
Q

Bystander effect

A

Presence of others discourages individual from intervening

52
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

when people act to benefit others instead of self

53
Q

what impact does provocation have on aggression

A

individuals who are generally aggressive and are more sensitive to provocations tend to process aggressive stimuli faster than those who are not

54
Q

General Aggression Model

A

-input: personal and situational factors
-present states: cognition and arousal
-outcomes: decision process with a non or aggression result

55
Q
A

Exam 3: Interpersonal Attraction and Social Influence (2 decks)

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