exam 4 Flashcards
what time period is most characteristic of art celebrating the sciences?
renaissance
in some paintings, the new knowledge of the renaissance is represented how?
light and dark values. (baroque period) and paintings depicting science
give one example of art using the science of perception
pointillism- an understanding of how our eyes see
describe the difference between the middle ages and the renaissance
art in the middle ages was practically exclusively about religion (specifically the after life) and art in the renaissance began to focus on humanity
what did the baroque period bring to the renaissance?
while idealism had been brought back during the renaissance, realism was added and mixed with that. Emotion and expression.
what is the main contribution of the northern renaissance?
oil painting
what is the main contribution of the southern renaissance?
scientific (linear) perspective
expound on the painting “birth of venus”
prior to the renaissance the predominate female figure in art was Mary. Venus is not a christian figure
describe the human figures created by michael angelo
both men and women had very muscular physiques
where was the renaissance concentrated in the north?
the netherlands
ancient cultures studied the _____ because they believed the ______ resided there
skies (astronomy); gods
true or false: Artists often studied operations and dissections to understand more clearly how the human body is designed
true
what is the significance of the advancement of science to art?
makes possible new ways of creating art
what is the purpose of restoration?
ideally to preserve art while maintaining artist’s original vision
describe the problems/concerns with art restoration
past techniques have proven to be very damaging to artwork. There are concerns that restoration methods today will someday prove to be the same
what does “renaissance” mean?
rebirth
what does humanism mean?
Philosophical approach that stressed the intellectual and physical potential of human beings
describe the baroque period
advances and increases in trade and science; permanent split between catholics and protestants
which period of the renaissance does this fit:
Realistic depictions of three-dimensional space and perspective
Idealistic portrayal of mythological or religious subjects, and the nude figure
early renaissance
how many years before the Florence Cathedral was finished?
116
who was the artist who finished the florence cathedral?
brunelleschi
when was the high renaissance?
beginning of the 16th century
Three great Italian artists dominated the high renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
which artist preferred sculpting to painting?
michael angelo
what is a difference between the renaissance in the north compared to the south?
in the north, much of the subject matter was still religious; illuminated manuscripts were still popular (still maintained some characteristics of the middle ages)
what does mannerism mean?
From the Italian “di maniera,” which means charm, grace
Exaggeration for emotional effect
describe the late renaissance
reaction to high renaissance:
this was a time of upheaval. Art work reflected
-Dissonance instead of harmony
-Distortion rather than precision
what painting media allows for great detail?
oil painting
how can you tell a painting is from the baroque period?
extreme usage of light and dark values (subject is light and background is dark)
what does “photos” mean?
“light”
what does “graphein” mean?
“to draw”
name of the first camera
camer obscura
define collage
art consisting of multiple glued materials, usually paper, onto a surface
define photomontage
single photographic image that combines (digitally or with negatives) several separate images
an anarchic anti-art and anti-war movement
dada
opening of the camera
aperture
using a camera obscure, the image to be recored was flipped _________ and ___________.
upside down, backwards
what are the 3 main genres of photography?
Portraiture
Landscape
Still life
what is a focus of still life photography?
arrangement of, light, shadow, and texture (relationships between formal elements)
describe photography in the mid 19th century
long exposure (8 min for indoor scenes); not possible to photograph people
photography that tells a news story
photojournalism
it wasn’t until the _____ that fine art museums collected photography
1980’s
photography has advantages for
reproducibility, inexpensive, clarity, realism
photomontage is made to be ___________
mass-produced
why would artists today use black and white photos?
create a nostalgic, artistic, or old fashioned effect
what was one large scale result that came about because of photography? why?
abstraction of art
what world affairs accompanied the time period called “the enlightenment”
American Revolution, 1776
French Revolution, 1879
Industrial Revolution, 18th and 19th centuries
how did the mind set change during the enlightenment?
Reason over faith
Liberty over tyranny
Equality
describe the rococo style
Light-hearted subject matter Whimsical, flirtatious Ornamental, elaborate, opulent Organic shapes and lines Pastel colors, gold, white
what new organization was founded during the rococo period?
art academies of painting and sculpture
what practice developed from the academy?
gallery like displays of artwork
what mental attitude towards art did the academy develop?
a hierarchy of genres
what era in art followed the rococo period?
Neoclassicism
describe the characteristics of neoclassicism
Exemplify civic responsibility Convey a moral message Stable compositions Idealized bodies Classical architecture Heroic subject matter
what is neoclassicism based on?
ancient greece and rome
what era in art followed neoclassicism?
romanticism
describe the style of romanticism
Emotional elements
Contain movement and drama
Often reflect individual opinions
what was some of the subject matter in this time (especially in america)
sublime nature, national pride, etc.
describe realism
Figures realistic rather than idealized
Showed respect for working-class people
Artworks appear less finished, less concerned with illusionism than previous traditions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century art
what is the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?
Group of English painters and writers
Rejected the preference of the British Royal Academy of the Arts for Classically-inspired artworks
Pre-Raphaelites were instead inspired by art from the Middle Ages
who are the impressionists?
Exhibited together in eight Impressionist exhibitions
describe impressionism
Quick, sketch-like brushstrokes Captured spontaneous moments Depicted effects of light and atmosphere Rejected varnish and finished look Often painted en plein air (outdoors)
true or false: Artists had very individual styles, but united in rejecting the formal approach of the Academy
true
where did the term impressionism come from?
negative comment from a critic of the artwork
what was the subject matter of impressionism?
modern everyday scenes of the middle class
Post-Impressionism
Rejects Impressionist idea of capturing the essence of modern life
Methods often scientifically based
Abstraction of form and color
what is a subset of post-impressionism?
symbolism
what was they symbolism era/movement?
literary and artistic movement
dream like and emotional images
symbolic-veiwers interpretations
