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ART 1309 > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what time period is most characteristic of art celebrating the sciences?

A

renaissance

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2
Q

in some paintings, the new knowledge of the renaissance is represented how?

A

light and dark values. (baroque period) and paintings depicting science

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3
Q

give one example of art using the science of perception

A

pointillism- an understanding of how our eyes see

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4
Q

describe the difference between the middle ages and the renaissance

A

art in the middle ages was practically exclusively about religion (specifically the after life) and art in the renaissance began to focus on humanity

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5
Q

what did the baroque period bring to the renaissance?

A

while idealism had been brought back during the renaissance, realism was added and mixed with that. Emotion and expression.

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6
Q

what is the main contribution of the northern renaissance?

A

oil painting

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7
Q

what is the main contribution of the southern renaissance?

A

scientific (linear) perspective

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8
Q

expound on the painting “birth of venus”

A

prior to the renaissance the predominate female figure in art was Mary. Venus is not a christian figure

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9
Q

describe the human figures created by michael angelo

A

both men and women had very muscular physiques

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10
Q

where was the renaissance concentrated in the north?

A

the netherlands

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11
Q

ancient cultures studied the _____ because they believed the ______ resided there

A

skies (astronomy); gods

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12
Q

true or false: Artists often studied operations and dissections to understand more clearly how the human body is designed

A

true

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13
Q

what is the significance of the advancement of science to art?

A

makes possible new ways of creating art

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14
Q

what is the purpose of restoration?

A

ideally to preserve art while maintaining artist’s original vision

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15
Q

describe the problems/concerns with art restoration

A

past techniques have proven to be very damaging to artwork. There are concerns that restoration methods today will someday prove to be the same

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16
Q

what does “renaissance” mean?

A

rebirth

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17
Q

what does humanism mean?

A

Philosophical approach that stressed the intellectual and physical potential of human beings

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18
Q

describe the baroque period

A

advances and increases in trade and science; permanent split between catholics and protestants

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19
Q

which period of the renaissance does this fit:

Realistic depictions of three-dimensional space and perspective
Idealistic portrayal of mythological or religious subjects, and the nude figure

A

early renaissance

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20
Q

how many years before the Florence Cathedral was finished?

A

116

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21
Q

who was the artist who finished the florence cathedral?

A

brunelleschi

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22
Q

when was the high renaissance?

A

beginning of the 16th century

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23
Q

Three great Italian artists dominated the high renaissance

A

Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael

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24
Q

which artist preferred sculpting to painting?

A

michael angelo

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25
Q

what is a difference between the renaissance in the north compared to the south?

A

in the north, much of the subject matter was still religious; illuminated manuscripts were still popular (still maintained some characteristics of the middle ages)

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26
Q

what does mannerism mean?

A

From the Italian “di maniera,” which means charm, grace

Exaggeration for emotional effect

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27
Q

describe the late renaissance

A

reaction to high renaissance:
this was a time of upheaval. Art work reflected
-Dissonance instead of harmony
-Distortion rather than precision

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28
Q

what painting media allows for great detail?

A

oil painting

29
Q

how can you tell a painting is from the baroque period?

A

extreme usage of light and dark values (subject is light and background is dark)

30
Q

what does “photos” mean?

A

“light”

31
Q

what does “graphein” mean?

A

“to draw”

32
Q

name of the first camera

A

camer obscura

33
Q

define collage

A

art consisting of multiple glued materials, usually paper, onto a surface

34
Q

define photomontage

A

single photographic image that combines (digitally or with negatives) several separate images

35
Q

an anarchic anti-art and anti-war movement

A

dada

36
Q

opening of the camera

A

aperture

37
Q

using a camera obscure, the image to be recored was flipped _________ and ___________.

A

upside down, backwards

38
Q

what are the 3 main genres of photography?

A

Portraiture
Landscape
Still life

39
Q

what is a focus of still life photography?

A

arrangement of, light, shadow, and texture (relationships between formal elements)

40
Q

describe photography in the mid 19th century

A

long exposure (8 min for indoor scenes); not possible to photograph people

41
Q

photography that tells a news story

A

photojournalism

42
Q

it wasn’t until the _____ that fine art museums collected photography

A

1980’s

43
Q

photography has advantages for

A

reproducibility, inexpensive, clarity, realism

44
Q

photomontage is made to be ___________

A

mass-produced

45
Q

why would artists today use black and white photos?

A

create a nostalgic, artistic, or old fashioned effect

46
Q

what was one large scale result that came about because of photography? why?

A

abstraction of art

47
Q

what world affairs accompanied the time period called “the enlightenment”

A

American Revolution, 1776
French Revolution, 1879
Industrial Revolution, 18th and 19th centuries

48
Q

how did the mind set change during the enlightenment?

A

Reason over faith
Liberty over tyranny
Equality

49
Q

describe the rococo style

A 
Light-hearted subject matter
Whimsical, flirtatious
Ornamental, elaborate, opulent
Organic shapes and lines
Pastel colors, gold, white
50
Q

what new organization was founded during the rococo period?

A

art academies of painting and sculpture

51
Q

what practice developed from the academy?

A

gallery like displays of artwork

52
Q

what mental attitude towards art did the academy develop?

A

a hierarchy of genres

53
Q

what era in art followed the rococo period?

A

Neoclassicism

54
Q

describe the characteristics of neoclassicism

A 
Exemplify civic responsibility
Convey a moral message
Stable compositions
Idealized bodies
Classical architecture
Heroic subject matter
55
Q

what is neoclassicism based on?

A

ancient greece and rome

56
Q

what era in art followed neoclassicism?

A

romanticism

57
Q

describe the style of romanticism

A

Emotional elements
Contain movement and drama
Often reflect individual opinions

58
Q

what was some of the subject matter in this time (especially in america)

A

sublime nature, national pride, etc.

59
Q

describe realism

A

Figures realistic rather than idealized
Showed respect for working-class people
Artworks appear less finished, less concerned with illusionism than previous traditions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century art

60
Q

what is the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?

A

Group of English painters and writers
Rejected the preference of the British Royal Academy of the Arts for Classically-inspired artworks
Pre-Raphaelites were instead inspired by art from the Middle Ages

61
Q

who are the impressionists?

A

Exhibited together in eight Impressionist exhibitions

62
Q

describe impressionism

A 
Quick, sketch-like brushstrokes
Captured spontaneous moments
Depicted effects of light and atmosphere
Rejected varnish and finished look
Often painted en plein air (outdoors)
63
Q

true or false: Artists had very individual styles, but united in rejecting the formal approach of the Academy

A

true

64
Q

where did the term impressionism come from?

A

negative comment from a critic of the artwork

65
Q

what was the subject matter of impressionism?

A

modern everyday scenes of the middle class

66
Q

Post-Impressionism

A

Rejects Impressionist idea of capturing the essence of modern life
Methods often scientifically based
Abstraction of form and color

67
Q

what is a subset of post-impressionism?

A

symbolism

68
Q

what was they symbolism era/movement?

A

literary and artistic movement
dream like and emotional images
symbolic-veiwers interpretations

ART 1309 (5 decks)

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