exam 4

Question 1

what time period is most characteristic of art celebrating the sciences?

Answer 1

renaissance

Question 2

in some paintings, the new knowledge of the renaissance is represented how?

Answer 2

light and dark values. (baroque period) and paintings depicting science

Question 3

give one example of art using the science of perception

Answer 3

pointillism- an understanding of how our eyes see

Question 4

describe the difference between the middle ages and the renaissance

Answer 4

art in the middle ages was practically exclusively about religion (specifically the after life) and art in the renaissance began to focus on humanity

Question 5

what did the baroque period bring to the renaissance?

Answer 5

while idealism had been brought back during the renaissance, realism was added and mixed with that. Emotion and expression.

Question 6

what is the main contribution of the northern renaissance?

Answer 6

oil painting

Question 7

what is the main contribution of the southern renaissance?

Answer 7

scientific (linear) perspective

Question 8

expound on the painting “birth of venus”

Answer 8

prior to the renaissance the predominate female figure in art was Mary. Venus is not a christian figure

Question 9

describe the human figures created by michael angelo

Answer 9

both men and women had very muscular physiques

Question 10

where was the renaissance concentrated in the north?

Answer 10

the netherlands

Question 11

ancient cultures studied the _____ because they believed the ______ resided there

Answer 11

skies (astronomy); gods

Question 12

true or false: Artists often studied operations and dissections to understand more clearly how the human body is designed

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is the significance of the advancement of science to art?

Answer 13

makes possible new ways of creating art

Question 14

what is the purpose of restoration?

Answer 14

ideally to preserve art while maintaining artist’s original vision

Question 15

describe the problems/concerns with art restoration

Answer 15

past techniques have proven to be very damaging to artwork. There are concerns that restoration methods today will someday prove to be the same

Question 16

what does “renaissance” mean?

Answer 16

rebirth

Question 17

what does humanism mean?

Answer 17

Philosophical approach that stressed the intellectual and physical potential of human beings

Question 18

describe the baroque period

Answer 18

advances and increases in trade and science; permanent split between catholics and protestants

Question 19

which period of the renaissance does this fit:

Realistic depictions of three-dimensional space and perspective
Idealistic portrayal of mythological or religious subjects, and the nude figure

Answer 19

early renaissance

Question 20

how many years before the Florence Cathedral was finished?

Answer 20

116

Question 21

who was the artist who finished the florence cathedral?

Answer 21

brunelleschi

Question 22

when was the high renaissance?

Answer 22

beginning of the 16th century

Question 23

Three great Italian artists dominated the high renaissance

Answer 23

Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael

Question 24

which artist preferred sculpting to painting?

Answer 24

michael angelo

Question 25

what is a difference between the renaissance in the north compared to the south?

Answer 25

in the north, much of the subject matter was still religious; illuminated manuscripts were still popular (still maintained some characteristics of the middle ages)

Question 26

what does mannerism mean?

Answer 26

From the Italian “di maniera,” which means charm, grace | Exaggeration for emotional effect

Question 27

describe the late renaissance

Answer 27

reaction to high renaissance: this was a time of upheaval. Art work reflected -Dissonance instead of harmony -Distortion rather than precision

Question 28

what painting media allows for great detail?

Answer 28

oil painting

Question 29

how can you tell a painting is from the baroque period?

Answer 29

extreme usage of light and dark values (subject is light and background is dark)

Question 30

what does "photos" mean?

Answer 30

"light"

Question 31

what does "graphein" mean?

Answer 31

"to draw"

Question 32

name of the first camera

Answer 32

camer obscura

Question 33

define collage

Answer 33

art consisting of multiple glued materials, usually paper, onto a surface

Question 34

define photomontage

Answer 34

single photographic image that combines (digitally or with negatives) several separate images

Question 35

an anarchic anti-art and anti-war movement

Answer 35

dada

Question 36

opening of the camera

Answer 36

aperture

Question 37

using a camera obscure, the image to be recored was flipped _________ and ___________.

Answer 37

upside down, backwards

Question 38

what are the 3 main genres of photography?

Answer 38

Portraiture Landscape Still life

Question 39

what is a focus of still life photography?

Answer 39

arrangement of, light, shadow, and texture (relationships between formal elements)

Question 40

describe photography in the mid 19th century

Answer 40

long exposure (8 min for indoor scenes); not possible to photograph people

Question 41

photography that tells a news story

Answer 41

photojournalism

Question 42

it wasn't until the _____ that fine art museums collected photography

Answer 42

1980's

Question 43

photography has advantages for

Answer 43

reproducibility, inexpensive, clarity, realism

Question 44

photomontage is made to be ___________

Answer 44

mass-produced

Question 45

why would artists today use black and white photos?

Answer 45

create a nostalgic, artistic, or old fashioned effect

Question 46

what was one large scale result that came about because of photography? why?

Answer 46

abstraction of art

Question 47

what world affairs accompanied the time period called "the enlightenment"

Answer 47

American Revolution, 1776 French Revolution, 1879 Industrial Revolution, 18th and 19th centuries

Question 48

how did the mind set change during the enlightenment?

Answer 48

Reason over faith Liberty over tyranny Equality

Question 49

describe the rococo style

Answer 49

``` Light-hearted subject matter Whimsical, flirtatious Ornamental, elaborate, opulent Organic shapes and lines Pastel colors, gold, white ```

Question 50

what new organization was founded during the rococo period?

Answer 50

art academies of painting and sculpture

Question 51

what practice developed from the academy?

Answer 51

gallery like displays of artwork

Question 52

what mental attitude towards art did the academy develop?

Answer 52

a hierarchy of genres

Question 53

what era in art followed the rococo period?

Answer 53

Neoclassicism

Question 54

describe the characteristics of neoclassicism

Answer 54

``` Exemplify civic responsibility Convey a moral message Stable compositions Idealized bodies Classical architecture Heroic subject matter ```

Question 55

what is neoclassicism based on?

Answer 55

ancient greece and rome

Question 56

what era in art followed neoclassicism?

Answer 56

romanticism

Question 57

describe the style of romanticism

Answer 57

Emotional elements Contain movement and drama Often reflect individual opinions

Question 58

what was some of the subject matter in this time (especially in america)

Answer 58

sublime nature, national pride, etc.

Question 59

describe realism

Answer 59

Figures realistic rather than idealized Showed respect for working-class people Artworks appear less finished, less concerned with illusionism than previous traditions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century art

Question 60

what is the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?

Answer 60

Group of English painters and writers Rejected the preference of the British Royal Academy of the Arts for Classically-inspired artworks Pre-Raphaelites were instead inspired by art from the Middle Ages

Question 61

who are the impressionists?

Answer 61

Exhibited together in eight Impressionist exhibitions

Question 62

describe impressionism

Answer 62

``` Quick, sketch-like brushstrokes Captured spontaneous moments Depicted effects of light and atmosphere Rejected varnish and finished look Often painted en plein air (outdoors) ```

Question 63

true or false: Artists had very individual styles, but united in rejecting the formal approach of the Academy

Answer 63

true

Question 64

where did the term impressionism come from?

Answer 64

negative comment from a critic of the artwork

Question 65

what was the subject matter of impressionism?

Answer 65

modern everyday scenes of the middle class

Question 66

Post-Impressionism

Answer 66

Rejects Impressionist idea of capturing the essence of modern life Methods often scientifically based Abstraction of form and color

Question 67

what is a subset of post-impressionism?

Answer 67

symbolism

Question 68

what was they symbolism era/movement?

Answer 68

literary and artistic movement dream like and emotional images symbolic-veiwers interpretations