Exam 4

Question 1

Neutrophils utilize which of the following for the rolling phase of cell adhesion?

Answer 1

selectins

Question 2

Recall the tiny puppy in necropsy this week. She had an imperforate anus. This lesion could be which of the following (select all that apply):

Answer 2

congenital, genetic, and heritable (NOT acquired)

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning anti-inflammatory therapy is true?

Answer 3

Selective inhibition of cox-2 is desirable in order to maintain homeostatic functions of arachidonic acid mediators.

Question 4

An owner brings you her 2-year old purebred German Shepherd dog to be neutered. He is healthy and bouncy, and his physical exam reveals no abnormal findings. His routine neuter surgery proceeds as normal, albeit with a bit more bleeding than you are used to. He recovers from anesthesia, and is sent home. The next morning, the owner texts you a photo of the dog’s scrotum which is 5x normal size, dark red and purple, and is weeping bloody fluid from the incision site. You suspect a bleeding disorder. This bleeding disorder could be all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 4

cannot be congenital

could be heritable, acquired, and genetic

Question 5

Which of the following is indicative of chronic inflammation?

Answer 5

macrophages, neovascularization, fibrosis and attempted tissue regeneration

Question 6

A histopathology report describes a lesion consisting of neutrophils and macrophages surrounding foci of caseous necrosis which is further encircled by granulation tissue and mature fibrous connective tissue. This description suggests:

Answer 6

The lesion is chronic active, likely in response to a persistent injurious stimulus

Question 7

A dog drinks antifreeze and suffers renal tubular necrosis. Assuming the animal survives this injury, which of the following statements most accurately predicts how healing may occur?

Answer 7

Healing can occur if the stromal framework is intact, because renal tubular epithelial cells are a stable cell population and are capable of mitotic activity.

Question 8

Type II hypersensitivity reactions:

Answer 8

most commonly occur in the blood.

Question 9

Severe periarticular scarring resulting in fixation of the joint is referred to as:

Answer 9

ankylosis

Question 10

A Boston Terrier gets hit in the eye with a softball. He develops a pronounced lens-induced uveitis. The mechanism of this autoimmune disease is:

Answer 10

Exposure of sequestered self antigens

Question 11

Equine Myositis in horses, a sequelae to infection with Streptococcus species, is an example of which mechanism of autoimmunity:

Answer 11

Antigenic mimicry; antibodies to Streptococcus cross react with muscle proteins

Question 12

What determines the specificity of a PCR reaction (as in, what determines which specific piece of DNA will be amplified?)

Answer 12

primers

Question 13

Which of the following products is indiciative of endothelial damage/leaky capillaries?

Answer 13

fibrin

Question 14

Whilst performing a necropsy on a dead moose, you note that the lungs are heavy. Upon sectioning the lungs, a clear liquid flows slowly from the surface of the parenchyma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 14

pulmonary edema

Question 15

A single base mutation which does NOT result in a change of the encoded amino acid is called:

Answer 15

silent mutation

Question 16

An insertion of four bases into a DNA molecule can result in all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 16

a silent mutation

could be:
Frameshift mutation
Formation of an abnormal protein
A premature stop codon

Question 17

Duchenne muscular dystrophy of Golden Retriever Dogs is due to an X-linked mutation in the dystrophin gene. A carrier mom and normal dad have a litter of four pups. If inheritance follows a Mendelian (Punnet square) pattern, which of their offspring will be affected?

Answer 17

Half of the male pups

Question 18

You are called to a pig farm to examine a 2-week old piglet with a markedly distended abdomen and no fecal output. You diagnose imperforate anus. This is what type of congenital defect?

Answer 18

atresia

Question 19

The potential for a substance to be teratogenic depends upon which of the following:

Answer 19

(all of the above)
Genetic (species) susceptibility
Stage of development at exposure
Dose of the substance

Question 20

An Arabian horse breeder (the horse is Arabian, not the breeder ;) lost a foal due to Adenoviral pneumonia. You find out that the dam and sire are half-siblings, sharing a mother. You suspect SCID (severe combined immune deficiency). He asks for your advice for re-breeding this same pair. You tell him:

Answer 20

Discourage breeding this pair to each other again because SCID has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and there is a 1:4 chance of this pairing resulting in another SCID foal.

Question 21

One of your client’s cows gives birth to a calf with syndactyly, which is known to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The client believes that the semen used to inseminate the cow must have come from a bull carrying the “mule foot” trait, but that his cow is not a carrier. What would you tell the client?

Answer 21

both the bull and the cow are carriers of syndactyly

Question 22

Eric attempted to amputate his finger using a dull knife while dissecting a fairly muddy carcass:

Erics thumb.jpg

How is this going to heal?

Answer 22

Second intention

Question 23

What is the major “shock organ” in the horse?

Answer 23

intestine

Question 24

Which of the following may result in septic shock:

Answer 24

systemic inflammatory response in septicemia

Question 25

Which of the following diagnostic tests WOULD NOT be amenable to a PCR-based test?

Answer 25

determining whether a vaccinated cow is likely immune to bovine herpesvirus-1

these would be:
testing a puppy to determine whether a particular sire was his father

testing a poor-doing cat for persistent infection with feline leukemia virus

confirm that a pool of mosquitoes contains a small number that are infected with West Nile virus