Exam 4 Flashcards
Neutrophils utilize which of the following for the rolling phase of cell adhesion?
selectins
Recall the tiny puppy in necropsy this week. She had an imperforate anus. This lesion could be which of the following (select all that apply):
congenital, genetic, and heritable (NOT acquired)
Which of the following statements concerning anti-inflammatory therapy is true?
Selective inhibition of cox-2 is desirable in order to maintain homeostatic functions of arachidonic acid mediators.
An owner brings you her 2-year old purebred German Shepherd dog to be neutered. He is healthy and bouncy, and his physical exam reveals no abnormal findings. His routine neuter surgery proceeds as normal, albeit with a bit more bleeding than you are used to. He recovers from anesthesia, and is sent home. The next morning, the owner texts you a photo of the dog’s scrotum which is 5x normal size, dark red and purple, and is weeping bloody fluid from the incision site. You suspect a bleeding disorder. This bleeding disorder could be all of the following EXCEPT:
cannot be congenital
could be heritable, acquired, and genetic
Which of the following is indicative of chronic inflammation?
macrophages, neovascularization, fibrosis and attempted tissue regeneration
A histopathology report describes a lesion consisting of neutrophils and macrophages surrounding foci of caseous necrosis which is further encircled by granulation tissue and mature fibrous connective tissue. This description suggests:
The lesion is chronic active, likely in response to a persistent injurious stimulus
A dog drinks antifreeze and suffers renal tubular necrosis. Assuming the animal survives this injury, which of the following statements most accurately predicts how healing may occur?
Healing can occur if the stromal framework is intact, because renal tubular epithelial cells are a stable cell population and are capable of mitotic activity.
Type II hypersensitivity reactions:
most commonly occur in the blood.
Severe periarticular scarring resulting in fixation of the joint is referred to as:
ankylosis
A Boston Terrier gets hit in the eye with a softball. He develops a pronounced lens-induced uveitis. The mechanism of this autoimmune disease is:
Exposure of sequestered self antigens
Equine Myositis in horses, a sequelae to infection with Streptococcus species, is an example of which mechanism of autoimmunity:
Antigenic mimicry; antibodies to Streptococcus cross react with muscle proteins
What determines the specificity of a PCR reaction (as in, what determines which specific piece of DNA will be amplified?)
primers
Which of the following products is indiciative of endothelial damage/leaky capillaries?
fibrin
Whilst performing a necropsy on a dead moose, you note that the lungs are heavy. Upon sectioning the lungs, a clear liquid flows slowly from the surface of the parenchyma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
pulmonary edema
A single base mutation which does NOT result in a change of the encoded amino acid is called:
silent mutation
An insertion of four bases into a DNA molecule can result in all of the following EXCEPT:
a silent mutation
could be:
Frameshift mutation
Formation of an abnormal protein
A premature stop codon
Duchenne muscular dystrophy of Golden Retriever Dogs is due to an X-linked mutation in the dystrophin gene. A carrier mom and normal dad have a litter of four pups. If inheritance follows a Mendelian (Punnet square) pattern, which of their offspring will be affected?
Half of the male pups
You are called to a pig farm to examine a 2-week old piglet with a markedly distended abdomen and no fecal output. You diagnose imperforate anus. This is what type of congenital defect?
atresia
The potential for a substance to be teratogenic depends upon which of the following:
(all of the above)
Genetic (species) susceptibility
Stage of development at exposure
Dose of the substance
An Arabian horse breeder (the horse is Arabian, not the breeder ;) lost a foal due to Adenoviral pneumonia. You find out that the dam and sire are half-siblings, sharing a mother. You suspect SCID (severe combined immune deficiency). He asks for your advice for re-breeding this same pair. You tell him:
Discourage breeding this pair to each other again because SCID has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and there is a 1:4 chance of this pairing resulting in another SCID foal.
One of your client’s cows gives birth to a calf with syndactyly, which is known to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The client believes that the semen used to inseminate the cow must have come from a bull carrying the “mule foot” trait, but that his cow is not a carrier. What would you tell the client?
both the bull and the cow are carriers of syndactyly
Eric attempted to amputate his finger using a dull knife while dissecting a fairly muddy carcass:
Erics thumb.jpg
How is this going to heal?
Second intention
What is the major “shock organ” in the horse?
intestine
Which of the following may result in septic shock:
systemic inflammatory response in septicemia
