EXAM 4 Flashcards
What is personality?
The set of characteristics an individual possesses that influence his or her thinking/behavior
What are some themes and debates within personality psychology?
Nature of differences, description vs explanation, biological processes, stability vs change over time
What is phrenology?
Bumps on the head indicate domincate brain regions
What did Freud base his model upon?
Mind/mental process (Psychodynamic)
What are the structures of Freud?
ID - only structure there at birth, basic drives/desires
EGO - manages ID impulses within reality
SUPEREGO - interalized moral standards of society, and values of parents/authority
Name the Freudian defense mechanisms
Rationalization, repression, projection, displacement, sublimination, reaction formation, regression, and denial
What are the stages of the conflict of libido?
Oral stage (0-2 years): mouth pleasure from suck/bite
Anal stage (2-3 years): anus pleasure from retaining/expelling
Phallic stage (3-6 years): Genitals, direct libido towards opposite sex parent, see same sex parent as rival
Latency stage (6-12): not much, focusing on same sex friendships
Genital stage (12+) back to genitals, developing mature adult relationships
What is Freud’s legacy?
Psychological processes are complex, important processes are unconscious, early childhood development is critical for personality, behavior is a means of regulating internal states
What did Eysenck say about personality?
Personality theory should be scientific/connect with other fields, extraversion - sociable, outgoing vs shy/reserved VERSUS Neuroticisim - emotionally unstable vs stable
TWO DIMENSIONS
What is factor analysis?
Statisical tool used to find underlying/basic dimensions in data
What are the Big Five (Five Factor Model)?
Openness, Conscientious, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
What is TITP?
Ten Item Personality Inventory, rating how much you see yourself on 1-10 which determiens your OCEAN
What is environmentality?
Personality variance according environmental variance
Where does the control of outcomes reside?
Internal locus: Perceieve themselves to be in control of whether they get reinforced for efforts
External locus: Percieve reinforcements as chance/luck
What is self efficacy?
The general belief that one s capable and can see and master a situation
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendancy to attribute the behavior of others to internal, stable factors (comic)
What is the actor observer bias?
When we over-attribute the role of interal causes for other people AND the role of situational causes for us
What is the self serving bias?
When over-attribute internal causes to do good things
What is cognitive dissonance?
Uncomfortable congnitive state that arises when you hold conflicting beliefs
What is a stereotype?
The perception that people in a partcular set of characteristics
What is a prejudice?
An unfavorable stereotype of a group of people
What is descrimination?
Putting a person at a disadvantage because they are in a particular group
What is stereotype threat?
Exposure to negative stereotype causes group members to perform worse
What are some important group influences?
Chameleon effect - mimicking group behavior
Deinvididuation - take on characteristics/behaviors of group
Groupthink: when need for group cohesion overrides rational decision
What do you ask before deciding if a behavior is normal or unusual?
Content (what?)
Context (when and where?)
Consequences of behavior
Strengths and weaknesses of medical model
Useful for identifying single cause of disease, and classification, however for most there is not a single cause of a disorder
What are some concerns about DSM-5
Turning normal behavior into pathology and disorders create stigmas
What is mood?
Prolonged emotional state that colors person’s thoughts/behaviors
Difference between unipolar and bipolar depression
Alternates with normal state, while depressive period cluctuate
How does one treat depression/BPD?
Antidepressants and Mood stabilizers
What is schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations, delusions, diorganized behavior, etc
