EXAM 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

The set of characteristics an individual possesses that influence his or her thinking/behavior

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2
Q

What are some themes and debates within personality psychology?

A

Nature of differences, description vs explanation, biological processes, stability vs change over time

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3
Q

What is phrenology?

A

Bumps on the head indicate domincate brain regions

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4
Q

What did Freud base his model upon?

A

Mind/mental process (Psychodynamic)

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5
Q

What are the structures of Freud?

A

ID - only structure there at birth, basic drives/desires
EGO - manages ID impulses within reality
SUPEREGO - interalized moral standards of society, and values of parents/authority

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6
Q

Name the Freudian defense mechanisms

A

Rationalization, repression, projection, displacement, sublimination, reaction formation, regression, and denial

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7
Q

What are the stages of the conflict of libido?

A

Oral stage (0-2 years): mouth pleasure from suck/bite
Anal stage (2-3 years): anus pleasure from retaining/expelling
Phallic stage (3-6 years): Genitals, direct libido towards opposite sex parent, see same sex parent as rival
Latency stage (6-12): not much, focusing on same sex friendships
Genital stage (12+) back to genitals, developing mature adult relationships

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8
Q

What is Freud’s legacy?

A

Psychological processes are complex, important processes are unconscious, early childhood development is critical for personality, behavior is a means of regulating internal states

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9
Q

What did Eysenck say about personality?

A

Personality theory should be scientific/connect with other fields, extraversion - sociable, outgoing vs shy/reserved VERSUS Neuroticisim - emotionally unstable vs stable

TWO DIMENSIONS

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10
Q

What is factor analysis?

A

Statisical tool used to find underlying/basic dimensions in data

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11
Q

What are the Big Five (Five Factor Model)?

A

Openness, Conscientious, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

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12
Q

What is TITP?

A

Ten Item Personality Inventory, rating how much you see yourself on 1-10 which determiens your OCEAN

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13
Q

What is environmentality?

A

Personality variance according environmental variance

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14
Q

Where does the control of outcomes reside?

A

Internal locus: Perceieve themselves to be in control of whether they get reinforced for efforts
External locus: Percieve reinforcements as chance/luck

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15
Q

What is self efficacy?

A

The general belief that one s capable and can see and master a situation

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16
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

The tendancy to attribute the behavior of others to internal, stable factors (comic)

17
Q

What is the actor observer bias?

A

When we over-attribute the role of interal causes for other people AND the role of situational causes for us

18
Q

What is the self serving bias?

A

When over-attribute internal causes to do good things

19
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

Uncomfortable congnitive state that arises when you hold conflicting beliefs

20
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

The perception that people in a partcular set of characteristics

21
Q

What is a prejudice?

A

An unfavorable stereotype of a group of people

22
Q

What is descrimination?

A

Putting a person at a disadvantage because they are in a particular group

23
Q

What is stereotype threat?

A

Exposure to negative stereotype causes group members to perform worse

24
Q

What are some important group influences?

A

Chameleon effect - mimicking group behavior
Deinvididuation - take on characteristics/behaviors of group
Groupthink: when need for group cohesion overrides rational decision

25
What do you ask before deciding if a behavior is normal or unusual?
Content (what?) Context (when and where?) Consequences of behavior
26
Strengths and weaknesses of medical model
Useful for identifying single cause of disease, and classification, however for most there is not a single cause of a disorder
27
What are some concerns about DSM-5
Turning normal behavior into pathology and disorders create stigmas
28
What is mood?
Prolonged emotional state that colors person's thoughts/behaviors
29
Difference between unipolar and bipolar depression
Alternates with normal state, while depressive period cluctuate
30
How does one treat depression/BPD?
Antidepressants and Mood stabilizers
31
What is schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations, delusions, diorganized behavior, etc