Exam 4 Flashcards
albuminuria
presence of albumin in the urine (symptom of kidney disease or failure)
acute
sharp, severe (from the Latin word acer).
acme
the highest point or peak (from the Greek word akme)
anuria
anuresis. The absence of urinary production possibly due to kidney dysfunction or failure.
ascites
excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity (from the Greek word askites = dropsy, now called hydrops).
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
catheter
tube for evacuating or injecting fluids (from the Greek word katheter = something inserted).
chorion
the outermost extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to the placenta (from the Greek word chorion = skin, leather).
contraction
a shortening or tightening, as of a muscle.
depression
a hollow or lowered region. The lowering of vital functions, as respiration. A mental state characterized by dejection.
diuretic
an agent that increases the secretion of urine.
dysmenorrhea
painful or difficult menstruation.
dyspareunia
painful coitus, experienced by women.
dystocia
difficult labor (from the Greek dys- = difficult and tokos = childbirth)
epididymitis
Acute inflammation the epididymis. From the Greek words epi- = on + didymos = testicle + itis = inflammation.
fornix
the part of the vagina that lies superior to the cervix (from the Latin word fornix = arch, vault)
fundus
dome-like top of the uterus above the fallopian tubes (from the Latin word fundus = bottom, in anatomy the term is used to indicate the point of a hollow structure farthest from its opening).
gonad
a gamete-producing gland, e.g., the ovary or testes (form the Greek word gonos = offspring, childbirth, seed, womb).
hydrocele
an accumulation of serous fluid in any saclike cavity or duct, e.g., in the tunic vaginalis of the testicle (from the Greek words hydor = water + kele = hernia, since the fluid sac was originally thought to be protruding into the scrotum from the peritone
hypospadias, hypospadia
congenital opening of the male urethra upon the undersurface of the penis. Also a urethral opening into the vagina.
ischemia
a decrease in the supply of blood or blood flow to a body part (from the Greek word ischanein = to hold in check, to hold back).
incontinence
inability to retain urine, semen, through loss of sphincter control, or due to cerebral or spinal lesions. Absence of restraint in sexual activities.
infundibulum
funnel shaped part of the fallopian tube (from the Latin word infundibulum = funnel).
leukorrhea
white or yellowish mucous discharge from the cervical canal or vagina.
meatus
a passage or opening.
menarche
the first monthly menstruation signaling the onset of puberty (from the Greek words men- = month + arche = beginning).
nerphrology
study of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the kidney. The medical practitioner specializing in the field is called a nephrologist.
preeclampsia
a abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension, headaches, and edema. May lead to true eclampsia (Gr. ek = out + lampein = to shine).
primigravida
a woman during her first pregnancy (Latin primus = first + gravida = pregnant).
prolapse
a falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part.
proteinuria
protein, usually albumin, in the urine.
puerperium
perios following the third stage of labor (from the Latin words puer = child + parere = to bear).
pyuria
pus in urine
retroversion
a turning, or a state of being turned back, especially an entire organ being tipped (Latin retro- + versus).
transurethral resection
partial excision through the urethra.
urology
the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the urinary system. The medical practitioner of this discipline is known as a urologist.
uterine atony
debility or lack of normal tone of the uterus.
variocele
enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord commonly occurring on the left side in adolescent males. Treatment is rarely required.
amnios (Gr.)
lamb (fetal membrane) amni/o
askos (Gr.)
pouch, sack (ascites) ascit/o
balanos (Gr.)
penis balan/o
calix (Lat.)
cup, pot calic/o
cervix (Lat.)
pertaining to the neck of an organ cervic/o
didymos (Gr.)
twin, as in the testicles didym/o
epision (Gr.)
vulva (female external genitalia) episi/o
hymen (Gr.)
membrane, the hymen hymen/o
hystera (Gr.)
uterus hyster/o
kleitoris (Gr.)
clitoris clitor/o
kolpos (Gr.)
vagina colp/o
kustis (Gr.)
bladder cyst/o
locheia (Gr.)
childbirth, lochia lochi/o
metra (Gr.)
uterus metr/o
nephros (Gr.)
kidney nephr/o
numphe (Gr.)
maiden nymph/o
orchis (Gr.)
testicle orchi/o, orchid/o
oureter (Gr.)
ureter uretr/o
ourethra (Gr.)
urethra urethr/o
ouron (Gr.)
urine ur/o
pexis (Gr.)
a fixing, putting together, surgical fixation -pexy
phallos (Gr.)
penis phall/o
prostates (Gr.)
one who stands before (prostate gland stands before the testes) prostat/o
pyelos (Gr.)
pan, basin, (renal) pelvis pyel/o
renes (Lat.)
kidneys ren/o
rheos (Gr.)
flowing, discharge rrhe/o
salpingx (Gr.)
fallopian tube salping/o
scrotum (Lat.)
scrotum scrot/o
sperma (Gr.)
seed spermat/o
testis (Lat.)
witness, testes testicul/o
tokos (Gr.)
childbirth toc/o
uterus (Lat.)
uterus uter/o
vagina (Lat.)
sheath, vagina vagin/o
vas (Lat.)
vessel vas/o
vesica (Lat.)
bladder vesic/o
vulva (Lat.)
wrapper, vulva vulv/o
The term “retroperitoneally” means “positioned ______ the perietal peritoneum
behind
The parietal peritoneal membrane lines the wall of the ______.
abdominal cavity
The kidney’s function primarily is maintaining the body’s fluid homeostasis.
true
The combining form nephr/o is derived from ______.
greek
The combining form ren/o is derived from ______.
latin
Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?
They remove metabolic waste products from the blood stream and dilute them with water and electrolytes to excrete urine.
Which of the following is not part of the process of creating urine?
funneling
Which part of the kidney is most directly involved in the creation of urine?
nephron
The clusters of nephron tubules give the renal Bowman’s capsule its somewhat granular appearance.
false
Typically, there is/are ______ ureter(s) in the human body.
2
Which of the following is true regarding the ureters.
They carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Which of the following is not one of the layers of the wall of the ureter.
ourein
The term “ureter” is partially derived from the Greek word “ourein,” which means ______.
to make water
The nephron is situated on the pelvic floor posterior to the pelvic symphysis.
false
Which of the following is not a combining term relating to the urinary system?
uter/o
The combining term cyst/o is derived from the Greek term “kystis,” meaning ______.
bag
Urine is conveyed out of the body through the ______.
urethra
An internal urethral sphincter at the bladder-urethra junction ______.
keeps the urethra closed to prevent urination
The terms “urethra” and “ureter” are both related to the Greek word “ourein,” which means “to make water.”
true
Which of the following is not one of the meanings of the Latin word “uterus?”
opening
______ is the common adjective derived from the combining term ovari/o.
ovarian
Which of the following is a possible meaning of the Latin word “penis?”
tail
The term “testis” is derived from the Latin word “testis,” which means ______
witness
In addition to being a term for the female sexual organ, the Latin word “vagina” also means ______.
sheath
Which of the following terms means, “the absence of urinary production possibly due to kidney dysfunction or failure?”
anuria
Which of the following terms means, “excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity?”
ascites
What should the proper word division for “dystocia” be?
dys / toc / ia
Which of the following is the best definition for the term “dystocia?”
difficult labor
All of the following are possible definitions for the term “depression,” except ______.
the outermost extraembryonic membrane
Which of the following terms means “painful coitus, experienced by women?”
dyspareunia
Which of the following is the best definition for the term “gonad?”
a gamete-producing gland, e.g., the ovary or testes
Which of the following terms means, “congenital opening of the male urethra upon the undersurface of the penis?”
hypospadias
Using your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms is most likely to involve “intentionally breaking the amniotic sac?
amniotomy
Which of the following should be the proper word division for “cervicocolpitis?”
cervic / o / colp / itis
Which of the following terms should have the same meaning as “cervicocolpitis?”
cervicovaginitis
Which of the following terms should mean “uterine pain?”
hysteralgia
Which of the following is the best definition for “metrorrhea?”
abnormal uterine discharge
Which of the following terms should mean “destructive to testicular tissue?
orchilytic
Which of the following should be the proper word division for “urethroprostatic?”
urethr / o / prostat / ic
The term “phallodynia” should mean ______.
pain in the penis
Which of the following terms should mean “a disease of the pelvis of the kidney?”
pyelonephrosis
Which of the following should be the best definition for the term “salpingopexy?”
fixation of a fallopian tube
Which of the following terms should mean “promoting the formation and secretion of semen?”
spermatopoietic
Which of the following should be the proper division for the “vesicouterovaginal?”
vesic / o / uter / o / vagin / al
amnesia
partial or total loss of memory (derived from the Greek a- = without + mnesis = memory).
anorexia nervosa
a syndrome characterized by extreme and persistent fear of obesity (associated with body image distortions) leading to a decrease in eating to the point of starvation (from the Greek an- = without + orexis = appetite and the Latin nervosus = full of nerve
anti-personality social disorder
disregard for normal, socially acceptable standards of conduct leading to persistent violations of rules, laws, and regulations.
autism
mental disorder characterized by abnormal development of interpersonal skills and social interaction (from the Greek autos = self).
avoidant personality
voidance of social interactions due to extreme shyness.
bipolar disorder
mood disorder characterized by manic phases or manic and depressive episodes.
bulimia
an eating disorder characterized by bouts of gorging (exaggerated hunger) followed by forced emesis (vomiting) or doses of laxatives to prevent weight gain (from the Greek bous = ox + limos = hunger).
delirium
state of confusion and disorientation caused by toxic or metabolic disorders (from the Latin delirare = to act like a dotard or one without sense. The word originally meant to leave the furrow with the plow, i. e. to make an error in ploughing).
dementia
Chronic deterioration of cognitive function caused by aging or disease (from the Latin de- = out of + mens = mind).
dissociative disorder
a disruption in the integrated functioning of consciousness, memory, identity with multiple symptoms.
hypochondriasis
Preoccupation with bodily health and fear of disease (from the Greek hypo = beneath + chondros = cartilage. The spleen is located beneath the hypochondrium and a lack of organic cause was attributed to the “splenic flexure syndrome”, i. e. functional bowe
kleptomania
uncontrollable impulse to steal things that usually are not very valuable (from the Greek klepto = steal + mania = madness, elevated emotional state)
psychotherapy
the use of verbal or non verbal communication to treat mental disorders.
trichtillomania
compulsive repetitive pulling out of hairs from the head (from the Greek trikhos = hair + tillo = pull out + mania = madness, insanity).
achluophobia
Gr. achlys = mist, darkening of the sight fear of darkness
acrophobia
Gr. akron = top, tip, end fear of heights
aerophobia
Gr. aer = air, atmosphere fear of flying
agoraphobia
Gr. agora = public gathering place, market fear of open places
bibliophobia
Gr. biblion = book fear of books
claustrophobia
Lat. claustra = barricade, enclosure fear of being closed in without escape
cynophobia
Gr. kyon, kynos = dog fear of dogs
dendrophobia
Gr. dendron = tree fear of trees
entomophobia
Gr. entoma = insects fear of insects
erotophobia
Gr. eros, erotos = love fear of sexual love (or sexual abuse)
gamophobia
Gr. gamos = marriage (wedding ceremony) fear of marriage
gelotophobia
Gr. gelos, gelotos = laughter fear of being laughed at
gerontophobia
Gr. geron, gerontos = old man fear of growing old, fear of the elderly
gymnophobia
Gr. gymnos = naked, without clothing fear of nakedness
heliophobia
Gr. helios = sun fear of sunlight
hemophobia
Gr. haima = blood fear of (the sight of) blood
herpetophobia
Gr. herpeton = reptile fear of reptiles
hodophobia
Gr. hodos = road, way, journey fear of travel
hydrophobia
Gr. hydor = water fear of water
hypnophobia
Gr. hypnos = sleep fear of sleep or nightmares
hypochondria (hypochondriasis)
Gr. hypo = beneath + chondros = cartilage (The spleen is located beneath the hypochondrium and a lack of organic cause was attributed to the “splenic flexure syndrome”, i. e. functional bowel disorder witnessed in neurotics.) fear of illness
monophobia
Gr. monos = alone, solitary fear of being alone
musophobia (muriphobia)
Gr. mus, muos and Lat. mus, muris = mouse or rat fear of mice or rats
necrophobia
Gr. nekros =dead body fear of death or the dead
pyrophobia
Gr. skopos = a watcher fear of being looked at
thalassophobia
Gr. thalassa = sea fear of the sea
xenophobia
Gr. xenos = stranger, foreigner fear of strangers, foreigners
An ancient Egyptian papyrus known as the “Ebers Papyrus” mentions the following two conditions.
depression and dementia
In ancient Greek, the term “psyche” is commonly translated as ______.
soul
According to Aristotle, negative emotions could be purged in a process called _____.
katharsis
Hippocrates theorized that a(n) ______ in the “four humors” was responsible for eplipesy.
imbalance
Which of the following is not one of the “four humors?”
fire
The ancient concept of ______ was taken up by Sigmond Freud as a fundamental theory in his concept of psychoanalysis.
catharsis
The surgeon Galen thought that people became melancholic because of an excess of
black bile
The ______ psychiatrist’s modern guide to the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.
DSM-5
The term “phobia” is derived from the Greek word “phobia,” which means ______.
fear
Phobias are classified among ______ disorders.
anxiety
Which of the following terms means “fear of darkness?”
achluophobia
Which of the following terms means “fear of heights?”
acrophobia
Which of the following terms means “fear of dogs?”
cynophobia
Which of the following terms means “fear of marriage?
gamophobia
Which of the following terms means “fear of being laughed at?”
gelotophobia
Which of the following terms means “fear of being looked at?”
scopophobia
Sigmund Freud’s major contibution in the history of psychology is ______.
psychoanalysis
In Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, he emphasized the role of the ______.
unconscious
Which of the following is the best description of Freud’s technique of “free association?”
patients explore their repressions through hypnosis
Freud used free association as a means of overcoming ______.
resistance
______ involves “especially distressing experiences excluded from conscious awareness.”
repression
______ takes place when the patient displaces onto the psychoanalyst his or her feelings and wishes about other people from his or her past.
transference
______ refers to the psychoanalyst’s feelings about a patient that in part are triggered by the patient’s characteristics, but are also influenced by the psychoanalyst’s past experiences with other people.
countertransference
According to Freudian theory, the mind has ______ parts.
3
id
the wellspring of instinctual drives
ego
involved in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious dimensions of mental activity
superego
the moral conscience or system of ideals and values internalized from parental examples and guidance
The German forms for Id, Ego and Superego are das Es, das Ich, das Ueber-ich.
true
The term schizophrenia was coined by ______
Paul Eugen Bleuler
All of the following may be involved in schizophrenia except ______.
hieroniminism
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?
undifferentiation
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is not a subtype of shizophrenia?
delusional
According to the DSM-5, an individual must experience at least ______ of the symptoms of depression on a recurring basis to be diagnosed with depression.
5
According to the DSM-5, all of the following are criteria of depression except ______.
frequent feelings of paranoid transferrence
According to the DSM-5, all of the following are symptoms of a manic episode except ______.
significant weight loss and decrease in appetite
Bipolar II disorder includes ______ and ______.
depression and hypomania
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, the term “psychosomatic” should mean ______.
pertaining to the relationship of the brain and body
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following should be the best definition for the term “psychoplegic?”
an agent reducing excitability of the mental processes; a sedative
Which of the following terms should mean “concerning or characterized by a mental disorder?”
psychopathic
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following should terms should mean “a psychological condition that manifests as repetitive, compulsive skin picking?”
dermatillomania
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “compulsive neurosis in which a person picks constantly at the nails or tries to tear them off?”
onychotillomania
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “A disorder where a person is compelled to inflict pain upon oneself by biting and/or eating portions of their own body?”
autophagia
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “repeated inability to control urination?”
enuresis
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “an excessive preoccupation with eating healthy food?”
bullimia
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “a neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness?”
hypersomnia
Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following should be the best definition for “odontophobia?
an extremely high and excessive fear towards visits to the dentist
