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CLAS 230 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of albumin in the urine (symptom of kidney disease or failure)

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2
Q

acute

A

sharp, severe (from the Latin word acer).

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3
Q

acme

A

the highest point or peak (from the Greek word akme)

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4
Q

anuria

A

anuresis. The absence of urinary production possibly due to kidney dysfunction or failure.

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5
Q

ascites

A

excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity (from the Greek word askites = dropsy, now called hydrops).

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6
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

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7
Q

catheter

A

tube for evacuating or injecting fluids (from the Greek word katheter = something inserted).

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8
Q

chorion

A

the outermost extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to the placenta (from the Greek word chorion = skin, leather).

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9
Q

contraction

A

a shortening or tightening, as of a muscle.

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10
Q

depression

A

a hollow or lowered region. The lowering of vital functions, as respiration. A mental state characterized by dejection.

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11
Q

diuretic

A

an agent that increases the secretion of urine.

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12
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful or difficult menstruation.

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13
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful coitus, experienced by women.

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14
Q

dystocia

A

difficult labor (from the Greek dys- = difficult and tokos = childbirth)

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15
Q

epididymitis

A

Acute inflammation the epididymis. From the Greek words epi- = on + didymos = testicle + itis = inflammation.

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16
Q

fornix

A

the part of the vagina that lies superior to the cervix (from the Latin word fornix = arch, vault)

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17
Q

fundus

A

dome-like top of the uterus above the fallopian tubes (from the Latin word fundus = bottom, in anatomy the term is used to indicate the point of a hollow structure farthest from its opening).

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18
Q

gonad

A

a gamete-producing gland, e.g., the ovary or testes (form the Greek word gonos = offspring, childbirth, seed, womb).

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19
Q

hydrocele

A

an accumulation of serous fluid in any saclike cavity or duct, e.g., in the tunic vaginalis of the testicle (from the Greek words hydor = water + kele = hernia, since the fluid sac was originally thought to be protruding into the scrotum from the peritone

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20
Q

hypospadias, hypospadia

A

congenital opening of the male urethra upon the undersurface of the penis. Also a urethral opening into the vagina.

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21
Q

ischemia

A

a decrease in the supply of blood or blood flow to a body part (from the Greek word ischanein = to hold in check, to hold back).

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22
Q

incontinence

A

inability to retain urine, semen, through loss of sphincter control, or due to cerebral or spinal lesions. Absence of restraint in sexual activities.

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23
Q

infundibulum

A

funnel shaped part of the fallopian tube (from the Latin word infundibulum = funnel).

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24
Q

leukorrhea

A

white or yellowish mucous discharge from the cervical canal or vagina.

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25
Q

meatus

A

a passage or opening.

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26
Q

menarche

A

the first monthly menstruation signaling the onset of puberty (from the Greek words men- = month + arche = beginning).

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27
Q

nerphrology

A

study of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the kidney. The medical practitioner specializing in the field is called a nephrologist.

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28
Q

preeclampsia

A

a abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension, headaches, and edema. May lead to true eclampsia (Gr. ek = out + lampein = to shine).

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29
Q

primigravida

A

a woman during her first pregnancy (Latin primus = first + gravida = pregnant).

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30
Q

prolapse

A

a falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part.

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31
Q

proteinuria

A

protein, usually albumin, in the urine.

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32
Q

puerperium

A

perios following the third stage of labor (from the Latin words puer = child + parere = to bear).

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33
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

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34
Q

retroversion

A

a turning, or a state of being turned back, especially an entire organ being tipped (Latin retro- + versus).

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35
Q

transurethral resection

A

partial excision through the urethra.

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36
Q

urology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the urinary system. The medical practitioner of this discipline is known as a urologist.

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37
Q

uterine atony

A

debility or lack of normal tone of the uterus.

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38
Q

variocele

A

enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord commonly occurring on the left side in adolescent males. Treatment is rarely required.

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39
Q

amnios (Gr.)

A

lamb (fetal membrane) amni/o

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40
Q

askos (Gr.)

A

pouch, sack (ascites) ascit/o

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41
Q

balanos (Gr.)

A

penis balan/o

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42
Q

calix (Lat.)

A

cup, pot calic/o

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43
Q

cervix (Lat.)

A

pertaining to the neck of an organ cervic/o

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44
Q

didymos (Gr.)

A

twin, as in the testicles didym/o

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45
Q

epision (Gr.)

A

vulva (female external genitalia) episi/o

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46
Q

hymen (Gr.)

A

membrane, the hymen hymen/o

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47
Q

hystera (Gr.)

A

uterus hyster/o

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48
Q

kleitoris (Gr.)

A

clitoris clitor/o

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49
Q

kolpos (Gr.)

A

vagina colp/o

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50
Q

kustis (Gr.)

A

bladder cyst/o

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51
Q

locheia (Gr.)

A

childbirth, lochia lochi/o

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52
Q

metra (Gr.)

A

uterus metr/o

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53
Q

nephros (Gr.)

A

kidney nephr/o

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54
Q

numphe (Gr.)

A

maiden nymph/o

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55
Q

orchis (Gr.)

A

testicle orchi/o, orchid/o

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56
Q

oureter (Gr.)

A

ureter uretr/o

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57
Q

ourethra (Gr.)

A

urethra urethr/o

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58
Q

ouron (Gr.)

A

urine ur/o

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59
Q

pexis (Gr.)

A

a fixing, putting together, surgical fixation -pexy

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60
Q

phallos (Gr.)

A

penis phall/o

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61
Q

prostates (Gr.)

A

one who stands before (prostate gland stands before the testes) prostat/o

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62
Q

pyelos (Gr.)

A

pan, basin, (renal) pelvis pyel/o

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63
Q

renes (Lat.)

A

kidneys ren/o

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64
Q

rheos (Gr.)

A

flowing, discharge rrhe/o

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65
Q

salpingx (Gr.)

A

fallopian tube salping/o

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66
Q

scrotum (Lat.)

A

scrotum scrot/o

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67
Q

sperma (Gr.)

A

seed spermat/o

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68
Q

testis (Lat.)

A

witness, testes testicul/o

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69
Q

tokos (Gr.)

A

childbirth toc/o

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70
Q

uterus (Lat.)

A

uterus uter/o

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71
Q

vagina (Lat.)

A

sheath, vagina vagin/o

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72
Q

vas (Lat.)

A

vessel vas/o

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73
Q

vesica (Lat.)

A

bladder vesic/o

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74
Q

vulva (Lat.)

A

wrapper, vulva vulv/o

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75
Q

The term “retroperitoneally” means “positioned ______ the perietal peritoneum

A

behind

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76
Q

The parietal peritoneal membrane lines the wall of the ______.

A

abdominal cavity

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77
Q

The kidney’s function primarily is maintaining the body’s fluid homeostasis.

A

true

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78
Q

The combining form nephr/o is derived from ______.

A

greek

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79
Q

The combining form ren/o is derived from ______.

A

latin

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80
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?

A

They remove metabolic waste products from the blood stream and dilute them with water and electrolytes to excrete urine.

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81
Q

Which of the following is not part of the process of creating urine?

A

funneling

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82
Q

Which part of the kidney is most directly involved in the creation of urine?

A

nephron

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83
Q

The clusters of nephron tubules give the renal Bowman’s capsule its somewhat granular appearance.

A

false

84
Q

Typically, there is/are ______ ureter(s) in the human body.

A

2

85
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the ureters.

A

They carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

86
Q

Which of the following is not one of the layers of the wall of the ureter.

A

ourein

87
Q

The term “ureter” is partially derived from the Greek word “ourein,” which means ______.

A

to make water

88
Q

The nephron is situated on the pelvic floor posterior to the pelvic symphysis.

A

false

89
Q

Which of the following is not a combining term relating to the urinary system?

A

uter/o

90
Q

The combining term cyst/o is derived from the Greek term “kystis,” meaning ______.

A

bag

91
Q

Urine is conveyed out of the body through the ______.

A

urethra

92
Q

An internal urethral sphincter at the bladder-urethra junction ______.

A

keeps the urethra closed to prevent urination

93
Q

The terms “urethra” and “ureter” are both related to the Greek word “ourein,” which means “to make water.”

A

true

94
Q

Which of the following is not one of the meanings of the Latin word “uterus?”

A

opening

95
Q

______ is the common adjective derived from the combining term ovari/o.

A

ovarian

96
Q

Which of the following is a possible meaning of the Latin word “penis?”

A

tail

97
Q

The term “testis” is derived from the Latin word “testis,” which means ______

A

witness

98
Q

In addition to being a term for the female sexual organ, the Latin word “vagina” also means ______.

A

sheath

99
Q

Which of the following terms means, “the absence of urinary production possibly due to kidney dysfunction or failure?”

A

anuria

100
Q

Which of the following terms means, “excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity?”

A

ascites

101
Q

What should the proper word division for “dystocia” be?

A

dys / toc / ia

102
Q

Which of the following is the best definition for the term “dystocia?”

A

difficult labor

103
Q

All of the following are possible definitions for the term “depression,” except ______.

A

the outermost extraembryonic membrane

104
Q

Which of the following terms means “painful coitus, experienced by women?”

A

dyspareunia

105
Q

Which of the following is the best definition for the term “gonad?”

A

a gamete-producing gland, e.g., the ovary or testes

106
Q

Which of the following terms means, “congenital opening of the male urethra upon the undersurface of the penis?”

A

hypospadias

107
Q

Using your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms is most likely to involve “intentionally breaking the amniotic sac?

A

amniotomy

108
Q

Which of the following should be the proper word division for “cervicocolpitis?”

A

cervic / o / colp / itis

109
Q

Which of the following terms should have the same meaning as “cervicocolpitis?”

A

cervicovaginitis

110
Q

Which of the following terms should mean “uterine pain?”

A

hysteralgia

111
Q

Which of the following is the best definition for “metrorrhea?”

A

abnormal uterine discharge

112
Q

Which of the following terms should mean “destructive to testicular tissue?

A

orchilytic

113
Q

Which of the following should be the proper word division for “urethroprostatic?”

A

urethr / o / prostat / ic

114
Q

The term “phallodynia” should mean ______.

A

pain in the penis

115
Q

Which of the following terms should mean “a disease of the pelvis of the kidney?”

A

pyelonephrosis

116
Q

Which of the following should be the best definition for the term “salpingopexy?”

A

fixation of a fallopian tube

117
Q

Which of the following terms should mean “promoting the formation and secretion of semen?”

A

spermatopoietic

118
Q

Which of the following should be the proper division for the “vesicouterovaginal?”

A

vesic / o / uter / o / vagin / al

119
Q

amnesia

A

partial or total loss of memory (derived from the Greek a- = without + mnesis = memory).

120
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

a syndrome characterized by extreme and persistent fear of obesity (associated with body image distortions) leading to a decrease in eating to the point of starvation (from the Greek an- = without + orexis = appetite and the Latin nervosus = full of nerve

121
Q

anti-personality social disorder

A

disregard for normal, socially acceptable standards of conduct leading to persistent violations of rules, laws, and regulations.

122
Q

autism

A

mental disorder characterized by abnormal development of interpersonal skills and social interaction (from the Greek autos = self).

123
Q

avoidant personality

A

voidance of social interactions due to extreme shyness.

124
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mood disorder characterized by manic phases or manic and depressive episodes.

125
Q

bulimia

A

an eating disorder characterized by bouts of gorging (exaggerated hunger) followed by forced emesis (vomiting) or doses of laxatives to prevent weight gain (from the Greek bous = ox + limos = hunger).

126
Q

delirium

A

state of confusion and disorientation caused by toxic or metabolic disorders (from the Latin delirare = to act like a dotard or one without sense. The word originally meant to leave the furrow with the plow, i. e. to make an error in ploughing).

127
Q

dementia

A

Chronic deterioration of cognitive function caused by aging or disease (from the Latin de- = out of + mens = mind).

128
Q

dissociative disorder

A

a disruption in the integrated functioning of consciousness, memory, identity with multiple symptoms.

129
Q

hypochondriasis

A

Preoccupation with bodily health and fear of disease (from the Greek hypo = beneath + chondros = cartilage. The spleen is located beneath the hypochondrium and a lack of organic cause was attributed to the “splenic flexure syndrome”, i. e. functional bowe

130
Q

kleptomania

A

uncontrollable impulse to steal things that usually are not very valuable (from the Greek klepto = steal + mania = madness, elevated emotional state)

131
Q

psychotherapy

A

the use of verbal or non verbal communication to treat mental disorders.

132
Q

trichtillomania

A

compulsive repetitive pulling out of hairs from the head (from the Greek trikhos = hair + tillo = pull out + mania = madness, insanity).

133
Q

achluophobia

A

Gr. achlys = mist, darkening of the sight fear of darkness

134
Q

acrophobia

A

Gr. akron = top, tip, end fear of heights

135
Q

aerophobia

A

Gr. aer = air, atmosphere fear of flying

136
Q

agoraphobia

A

Gr. agora = public gathering place, market fear of open places

137
Q

bibliophobia

A

Gr. biblion = book fear of books

138
Q

claustrophobia

A

Lat. claustra = barricade, enclosure fear of being closed in without escape

139
Q

cynophobia

A

Gr. kyon, kynos = dog fear of dogs

140
Q

dendrophobia

A

Gr. dendron = tree fear of trees

141
Q

entomophobia

A

Gr. entoma = insects fear of insects

142
Q

erotophobia

A

Gr. eros, erotos = love fear of sexual love (or sexual abuse)

143
Q

gamophobia

A

Gr. gamos = marriage (wedding ceremony) fear of marriage

144
Q

gelotophobia

A

Gr. gelos, gelotos = laughter fear of being laughed at

145
Q

gerontophobia

A

Gr. geron, gerontos = old man fear of growing old, fear of the elderly

146
Q

gymnophobia

A

Gr. gymnos = naked, without clothing fear of nakedness

147
Q

heliophobia

A

Gr. helios = sun fear of sunlight

148
Q

hemophobia

A

Gr. haima = blood fear of (the sight of) blood

149
Q

herpetophobia

A

Gr. herpeton = reptile fear of reptiles

150
Q

hodophobia

A

Gr. hodos = road, way, journey fear of travel

151
Q

hydrophobia

A

Gr. hydor = water fear of water

152
Q

hypnophobia

A

Gr. hypnos = sleep fear of sleep or nightmares

153
Q

hypochondria (hypochondriasis)

A

Gr. hypo = beneath + chondros = cartilage (The spleen is located beneath the hypochondrium and a lack of organic cause was attributed to the “splenic flexure syndrome”, i. e. functional bowel disorder witnessed in neurotics.) fear of illness

154
Q

monophobia

A

Gr. monos = alone, solitary fear of being alone

155
Q

musophobia (muriphobia)

A

Gr. mus, muos and Lat. mus, muris = mouse or rat fear of mice or rats

156
Q

necrophobia

A

Gr. nekros =dead body fear of death or the dead

157
Q

pyrophobia

A

Gr. skopos = a watcher fear of being looked at

158
Q

thalassophobia

A

Gr. thalassa = sea fear of the sea

159
Q

xenophobia

A

Gr. xenos = stranger, foreigner fear of strangers, foreigners

160
Q

An ancient Egyptian papyrus known as the “Ebers Papyrus” mentions the following two conditions.

A

depression and dementia

161
Q

In ancient Greek, the term “psyche” is commonly translated as ______.

A

soul

162
Q

According to Aristotle, negative emotions could be purged in a process called _____.

A

katharsis

163
Q

Hippocrates theorized that a(n) ______ in the “four humors” was responsible for eplipesy.

A

imbalance

164
Q

Which of the following is not one of the “four humors?”

A

fire

165
Q

The ancient concept of ______ was taken up by Sigmond Freud as a fundamental theory in his concept of psychoanalysis.

A

catharsis

166
Q

The surgeon Galen thought that people became melancholic because of an excess of

A

black bile

167
Q

The ______ psychiatrist’s modern guide to the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.

A

DSM-5

168
Q

The term “phobia” is derived from the Greek word “phobia,” which means ______.

A

fear

169
Q

Phobias are classified among ______ disorders.

A

anxiety

170
Q

Which of the following terms means “fear of darkness?”

A

achluophobia

171
Q

Which of the following terms means “fear of heights?”

A

acrophobia

172
Q

Which of the following terms means “fear of dogs?”

A

cynophobia

173
Q

Which of the following terms means “fear of marriage?

A

gamophobia

174
Q

Which of the following terms means “fear of being laughed at?”

A

gelotophobia

175
Q

Which of the following terms means “fear of being looked at?”

A

scopophobia

176
Q

Sigmund Freud’s major contibution in the history of psychology is ______.

A

psychoanalysis

177
Q

In Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, he emphasized the role of the ______.

A

unconscious

178
Q

Which of the following is the best description of Freud’s technique of “free association?”

A

patients explore their repressions through hypnosis

179
Q

Freud used free association as a means of overcoming ______.

A

resistance

180
Q

______ involves “especially distressing experiences excluded from conscious awareness.”

A

repression

181
Q

______ takes place when the patient displaces onto the psychoanalyst his or her feelings and wishes about other people from his or her past.

A

transference

182
Q

______ refers to the psychoanalyst’s feelings about a patient that in part are triggered by the patient’s characteristics, but are also influenced by the psychoanalyst’s past experiences with other people.

A

countertransference

183
Q

According to Freudian theory, the mind has ______ parts.

A

3

184
Q

id

A

the wellspring of instinctual drives

185
Q

ego

A

involved in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious dimensions of mental activity

186
Q

superego

A

the moral conscience or system of ideals and values internalized from parental examples and guidance

187
Q

The German forms for Id, Ego and Superego are das Es, das Ich, das Ueber-ich.

A

true

188
Q

The term schizophrenia was coined by ______

A

Paul Eugen Bleuler

189
Q

All of the following may be involved in schizophrenia except ______.

A

hieroniminism

190
Q

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?

A

undifferentiation

191
Q

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is not a subtype of shizophrenia?

A

delusional

192
Q

According to the DSM-5, an individual must experience at least ______ of the symptoms of depression on a recurring basis to be diagnosed with depression.

A

5

193
Q

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are criteria of depression except ______.

A

frequent feelings of paranoid transferrence

194
Q

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are symptoms of a manic episode except ______.

A

significant weight loss and decrease in appetite

195
Q

Bipolar II disorder includes ______ and ______.

A

depression and hypomania

196
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, the term “psychosomatic” should mean ______.

A

pertaining to the relationship of the brain and body

197
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following should be the best definition for the term “psychoplegic?”

A

an agent reducing excitability of the mental processes; a sedative

198
Q

Which of the following terms should mean “concerning or characterized by a mental disorder?”

A

psychopathic

199
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following should terms should mean “a psychological condition that manifests as repetitive, compulsive skin picking?”

A

dermatillomania

200
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “compulsive neurosis in which a person picks constantly at the nails or tries to tear them off?”

A

onychotillomania

201
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “A disorder where a person is compelled to inflict pain upon oneself by biting and/or eating portions of their own body?”

A

autophagia

202
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “repeated inability to control urination?”

A

enuresis

203
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “an excessive preoccupation with eating healthy food?”

A

bullimia

204
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following terms should mean “a neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness?”

A

hypersomnia

205
Q

Based on your knowledge of medical terminology, which of the following should be the best definition for “odontophobia?

A

an extremely high and excessive fear towards visits to the dentist

CLAS 230 (3 decks)

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