Exam 2 Flashcards
acromi/o
acromion (projection of the scapula)
ankyl/o
stiffness
arthr/o
Joint
brachi/o
arm
carp/o
carpus (wrist bone
cephal/o
head
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
ischi/o
ischium (lower part of the hip)
acromial
(acromi/al) pertaining to the acromium (from the Greek words akron = extremity, tip + omos = shoulder)
ankylosis
(ankyl/osis) pathological condition of stiffness, a bent and stiff joint (from the Greek word agkylos = bent)
arthritis
(arthr/itis) inflammation of the joint (from the Greek word arthron = joint)
brachialgia
(brachi/algia) pain in the arm (from the Latin word brachium = arm)
carpoptosis
(carp/o/ptosis) wrist drop (from the Greek words karpos = wrist + ptosis = a falling)
cephalomegaly
(cephal/o/megaly) enlargement of the head (from the Greek words kephale = head and megale = large)
humeroulnar
(humer/o/ulnar) relating to both the humerus and the ulna (from the Latin words humerus = upper arm or shoulder + ulna = elbow)
ischiofemoral
(ischi/o/femoral) relating to the ischium and the femur (from the Greek word ischion = the socket of the hip joint + the Latin word femur = thigh)
Torso
Clavicle, Manubrium, capula, Sternum, Ribs, Pelvic girdle
Arm
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Hand
Carpals
Metacarpals
Spinal Column
Sacrum Coccyx
Lumbar Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae Cervical Vertebrae
Skull
Cranium
Mandible
oste/o, os/I, oss/I
Bone
crani/o
skull
from Latin nasalis = from
nasus = nose
nasal
from the Latin word mala = cheek bone, jaw
malar
from the Latin word maxilla, the diminutive of mala
maxilla
from the Latin mandibula = the lower jaw
mandible
from the Greek letter upsilon = u and eidos = like, since the bone is u
hyoid
spondyl/o, rachi/o, vertebr/o
vertebra
sacr/o
sacrum
coccyg/o, coccyg/e
coccyx
cleid/o (clid/o), clavicul/o
clavicle
scapul/o
scapula
stern/o
sternum
cost/o
ribs
sacr/o, ischi/o, ili/o, pub/o
pelvis
upper arm bone
humerus
short arm bone
radius
forearm bone
ulna
wrist
carpus
fingers/toes
phalanges
thigh bone
femur
knee cap
patella
larger lower leg bone
tibia
smaller lower leg bone
fibula
ankle bone
tarsus
joints
articul/o, arthr/o
cartilage
chondr/o
bursa
burs/o
ligaments
ligament/o
muscles
my/o, muscul/o
tendons
tend/o, tendin/o
fascia
fasci/o
8 bones of the cranium
- frontal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- lacrimal
- nasal
- zygomatic
- parietal
- occipital
ossicle
any small bone
ossiferous
Composed of or forming bone or bony tissue (from the Latin verb ferre – to carry, bear, or produce)
osteoplasty
Surgical repair of a bone
osteorrhaphy
Suturing or wiring of bone (fragments) –from the Greek word rhaphe = a seam or suture
osteostixis
Therapeutic puncture of a bone
osteotomy
The operation for cutting through a bone
osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone (marrow) from the Greek word muelos = “bone marrow”
osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor of the bone, from the Greek word sarx meaning flesh, and –oma a suffix meaning tumor.
osteoma
A tumor of bone tissue, from the Greek words osteon = bone + -oma a suffix meaning tumor
osteopathy
Any bone disease, from Greek pathos meaning disease
ostitis
Inflammation of the bone
osteosclerosis
Hardening of a bone from the Greek words osteon + skleros meaning hard
osteoporosis
Increased porosity of bone
osteoarthritis
Chronic disease involving the joints
rachigraph
Device to outline the curves of the spine
rachiometer
Device to measure spinal curvature
rachiotome
Instrument for cutting the vertebrae
spondylotherapy
Spinal therapy
spondylotomy
Surgical opening or cutting of vertebral canal. Rachitomy.
spondylalgia
Painful condition of a vertebra
spondylitis
Inflammation of one or more vertebrae
spondylosis
Breaking down of a vertebral structure
spondylopathy
Any disorder of a vertebra
rachialgia
Pain in the spine
rachitis
Inflammation of the spine
rachioplegia
Paralysis of the spine (from G. plege – paralysis)
rachioscoliosis
Curvature of the spine (from G. skoliosis – bending), aka scoliosis
rachiotomy
Surgical cutting of the spinal cord (also called laminotomy)
arthrectomy
The excision of a joint
arthroclasia
The artificial breaking of a fixed joint to provide movement (from the Greek word klasis meaning breaking)
arthrolysis
The operation of restoring movement to a fixed (or anyloid (anylo/o – “bent”) joint
arthrostomy
Formation of a temporary opening in a joint for drainage purposes
arthrotomy
Cutting into a joint
arthroplasty
The surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful or deteriorated joint
arthroscopy
The examination of the interior of a joint, performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision
arthragra
Acute pain in the joints (from Greek agra –seizure)
arthralgia
Pain in a joint
arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
arthredema
Swelling of a joint
arthrocele
Hernia of the synovial membrane (site of lubricating fluid for a joint)
arthrogryposis
Persistent contracture (stiffness or inability to move) of a joint - from Greek word grupos = curved
arthropathy
any joint disease
chondrocostal
Pertaining to the ribs and the costal cartilages
chondrogenesis
The development of cartilage
chondrogenesis
The development of cartilage
chondroid
Resembling cartilage
chondroplasia
The formation of cartilage
chondrectomy
Excision of cartilage
chondroplasty
Surgical repair of cartilage
chondrotomy
The surgical procedure for dividing cartilage
chondralgia
Pain in and around cartilage
chondromalacia
Softness of any cartilage
chondroporosis
Porous condition of cartilage
chondroma
A cartilaginous tumor
chondritis
Any inflammatory condition affecting cartilage
myoid
Resembling a muscle
myokinesis
Muscle movements (from the Greek word kinesis = movement)
myitis
Inflammation of a muscle
myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium
myocele
Muscle herniation
myocardiopathy
Any disease of the myocardium causing enlargement
myoclonia
intermittent muscle spasm (from the Greek word klonos = twitching)
myocolpitis
inflammation of the vaginal muscles
myodiastasis
(from G. diastasis – separation) an abnormal condition in which there is separation of the muscle bundles
myoma
a common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle
myograph
Device to trace movements caused by muscle contraction
myoplasty
Surgical repair of muscle
myorrhaphy
Suturing of a wound in a muscle
myotenotomy
The surgical division of the whole or part a muscle by cutting through its main tendon
myotomy
The dissection or cutting of a muscle
myopathy
An abnormal condition of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle weakness, wasting, and histologic changes within muscle tissue
myorrhexis
rupture of a muscle (from the Greek words mys + rhexis = rupture)
Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccygeal Vertebrae
Cervical Curve
Thoracic Curve
Lumbar Curve
Sacral Curve
abduction
Lateral movement of the limbs away from the median plane of the body, or lateral bending of the head or trunk.
adduction
Movement of a limb, or bending of trunk or head toward median plane of the body.
atrophy
Wasting due to lack of nutrition or the reduction in size of a structure after having come to fully functional maturity
bunion
Inflammation and thickening of the bursa of the joint of the big toe
cervicobrachial
Pertaining to the neck and the arm
cervicovesical
Pertaining to the cervix of the uterus and the bladder
comminuted
Of fractures where the bone is crushed
contracture
Permanent contraction of a muscle due to spasm or paralysis
crepitus
Crepitation - a grating sound heard on the movement of ends of broken bones
dorsiflexion
Movement of a part at a joint so as to bend the part toward the posterior aspect of the body. e.g. - dorsiflexion of the foot = movement of the foot backward at the ankle. Backward bending
facia
A fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles
faciitis
Inflamed condition of a fascia
flexion
The act of bending or condition of being bent
ganglion
Cystic tumors developing on a tendon or aponeurosis (a flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue which serves to attach
hallux
The big toe
hallux valgus
Hammertoe. Angulation of the great toe away from midline of the body
hypophosphatemia
Phosphates below normal in the blood
hypertrophy
Increase in size of an organ that does not involve tumor formation
intertrochanteric
Of a fracture located between the two trochanters of the femur. (Trochanger - either of two processes below the neck of the femur)
keratosis
Horny growth. Any condition of the skin characterized by the formation of horny growths
lordosis
abnormal anterior convexity of the spine
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum
orthopedic/orthopaedic
concerning the branch of medical science that deals with prevention of correction of disorders involving locomotor structures of the body, especially the skeleton, joints, fascia, and muscles
palsy, paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of sensation or loss of ability to control movement
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower part of the body and both legs
poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord (from the Greek word myelos = marrow)
pronation
The act of lying prone or face down
prosthesis
Replacing of a missing part with an artificial substitute. An artificial limb or organ
quadriplegia
Paralysis affecting all four limbs
reduction
Restoration to normal position, as a fractured bone or hernia
rheumatoid
Resembling acute and chronic conditions characterized by soreness and stiffness of muscles, and pain in joints and associated structures
sacroiliac
Pertaining to the sacrum and ilium
supination
Action lying flat on the back
subcutaneous
Beneath the skin
synovectomy
Excision of the synovial membrane (G. syn meaning together)
synovial
Pertaining to synovia, the lubricating fluid of joints. (G. syn - with, together + oon, ov - egg)
synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane
syntonic
Pertaining to a personality marked by even temperament; normal emotional responsiveness to life situations
tendosynovitis/tenosynovitis
Inflammation of a tendon sheath or the tendon itself caused by calcium deposits, repeated strain or trauma, high cholesterol levels, etc.
tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon
cranium
Greek kranion meaning head
clavicle
Latin clavicula, diminutive form of the Latin word clavis meaning key
scapula
Latin noun scapulae meaning shoulder-blades
humerus
Latin noun humerus meaning upper arm or shoulder
ulna
from the Latin noun ulna meaning elbow, arm.
radius
from the Latin word radius meaning ray, spokes of a wheel.
spinal column or vertebrae
from the Latin spina meaning thorn
sternum
derived from the Greek word sternon meaning breast or chest (male)
sacrum
from the the Latin word sacer meaning sacred
coccyx
from the Greek word kokkux = a cuckoo, since the coccyx resembled the cuckoo’s beak in shape.
pelvis or hip bone
Latin pelvis meaning a basin
tibia
from the Latin tibia, a flute or pipe
patella
Latin patella, diminutive of patera - small, round dish
fibula
from the Latin fibula, a broach or clasp
tarsus
Greek tarsos meaning a wicker basket, crate
carpals
Derived from the Greek word karpos meaning wrist
metacarpals
The part that comes after the wrist
phalanges
the plural form of the Greek phalanx meaning line of battle, or the ordering of infantry
Bones in the hand
Distal phalanges
Intermediate phalanges
Proximal phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
Muscles
Trapezius
Deltoid
Brachioradialis
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Rotator cuff
Triceps brachii
Gluteus maximus
Tibialis posterior
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
pharynx
From the Greek word pharyngx is the passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and for food from mouth to esophagus.
esophagus
From the Greek word oisophagos meaning “gullet”. The combining form for esophagus is esophag/o.
salivary glands
Three pairs of glands that produce salivary secretions, usually as a result of food stimuli or reflex action.
gall bladder
Also called the cholecyst, From the Greek words chole meaning bile and kustis meaning bladder.
liver
From the Greek word hepar, meaning liver. The combining from for the liver is hepat/o.
stomach
From the Greek word stomachos.
duodenum
From Latin word duodeni meaning twelve. The combining form for duodenum is duoden/o.
pancreas
From the Greek words pan meaning “all” and kreas meaning “flesh“. The combining form for pancreas is pancre/o.
jejunum
From Latin word ieiunus meaning “empty”. The combining forms are ile/o for ileum and jejun/o for jejunum.
ileocecal juncture
The ileocecal valve is located here, a muscle which prevents food from reentering the small intestines.
caecum
Also caecum or cecum from the Latin word caecum meaning “blindness” or “blind”.
colon
The colon (From the Greek word kolon) is the first part of the large intestine, beginning at the cecum. The combining form indicating the intestine is enter/o
anticholinergic
Impeding the actions of impulses of the fibers of the parasympathetic nerves (that stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle of the alimentary canal – the digestive tract). cholinergic – stimulated, activated or transmitted by choline (acetylcholine)
anorexia
loss of appetite. From the Greek words an = without, orexis = appetite.
anastomosis
surgical or pathological formation of a passage between any two normally distinct spaces or organs. From the Greek word stoma = opening.
antrectomy
excision of the walls of an antrum (from the Latin word antrum meaning cavity).
alkalosis
a condition characterized by and increase in the alkalinity of the body above normal levels (from the Arabic word al-qali = the marine plant qali, identified as the sea-wort was was burned to produce soda ash).
acidosis
a pathologic state characterized by an imbalance in the acid-base balance of the body, leading to an accumulation of acids (as in diabetes) or loss of bicarbonates (as in renal disease).
achalasia
Failure to relax, as in muscles not relaxing after contraction. (From the Greek words a = without + chalasis = relaxation).
borborygmus
a gurgling, splashing sound heard over the large intestine, caused by passage of flatus (gas). From the onomatopoeic Greek word borborygmos.
cathartic
an active purgative, usually causing several bowel movements (From the Greek word kathartikos – purging).
defecation
evacuation of the bowels (from the Latin verb defaecare = to remove dregs).
dehiscence
a bursting open, as an abdominal wound (from the Latin verb dehiscere = to gape).
distention
state of being stretched out or inflated. (from the Latin verb distendere = to stretch out).
diverticulum
a sac or pouch in the walls of a canal or organ.
dyspepsia
imperfect digestion (From the Greek words dys = bad + peptein = to digest).
dysphagia
inability or difficulty in swallowing (From the Greek words dys = bad + phagein – to eat).
edema
condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid (from the Greek word oidema = swelling).
emesis
vomiting (From the Greek word emesis = a vomiting).
eructation
belching (from the Latin verb eructare – to belch).
flatus
intestinal gas (from the Latin word flatus = a blowing, a blast).
flatulence
excessive amount of intestinal gas.
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting.
hyperemia
congestion. An increased amount of blood flow in an organ or body part. (From the Greek words hyper = above, excessive + haima = blood).
hyperkalemia
excessive amount of potassium in the blood (from the Latin word kalium = potassium and From the Greek words hyper = excessive and haima = blood).
hypernitremia
excess of nitrogen in the blood.
hypokalemia
the presence of extremely low concentration of potassium ions in the circulating blood.
hyponatremia
decreased amount of sodium in the blood (from the Arabic word natrun = sodium carbonate).
hypocalcemia
abnormally low blood calcium levels.
hypochondriac
region part of the abdomen beneath lower ribs on both sides of the epigastrium.
inguinal hernia
hernia in the region of the groin (from the Latin words inguinalis = pertaining to the groin and hernia = a rupture).
intolerance
inability to endure or incapacity for bearing, as pain, or the effects of a drug, or other substance.
jaundice
a condition characterized by yellowness of skin and yellow staining of the sclerae (white of the eyes), mucous membranes, and body fluids, due to deposition of bile pigment. (from the Latin word galbinus = yellowish-green; French jaunisse – yellow).
lesion
an injury or wound or infected patch on the skin. (from the Latin word laesio = wound).
malaise
(French) discomfort, uneasiness, indisposition, often a sign of disease..
malnutrition
lack of necessary or proper food substances in the body or improper absorption and distribution of them.
megacolon
extremely dilated colon.
melena
evacuations resembling tar, due to actions of intestinal juices on free blood (from the Greek word melas = black).
mucosal
concerning any mucus membrane.
necrotic
relating to death of a portion of a tissue (from the Greek word nekros = death).
perirectal
extending around the rectum.
pruritus
severe itching (from the Latin verb prurire = to itch).
reflux
a return or backward flow (from the Latin re- = back + fluere = to flow).
pyloroplasty
operation to repair the pylorus.
pyrosis
heartburn. A burning sensation in the epigastric and sternal region, with raising of acid liquid from the stomach (from Greek pyrosis = on fire, a burning).
steatorrhea
fatty stools, as seen in pancreatic diseases (from the Greek words steatos = fatty + rhoia = a flow).
lung
Anglo-Saxon. lunge
one of two cone-shaped, spongy organs of respiration contained within the pleural cavity (the pleural is a membrane that enfolds the lungs, from Greek pleura meaning side).
trachea
G. tracheia - rough The trachea is a cartilaginous tube from the larynx to the bronchi, also called the windpipe. Combining form trache/o
bronchus
G. bronchos - windpipe one of two large branches of the trachea which provide a passageway for air moving to and from the lungs. They penetrate the lungs and terminate in the bronchioles. Combining forms: bronch/i, bronchi/o, bronchiol/o
thorax
G. thorax, thorakos - trunk of the body part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm. Combining form thorac/o
diaphragm
G. diaphragma - partition a musculo-membranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. It contracts with each inspiration (inhalation) and relaxes with each expiration. Combining forms: phren/o, diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o
analgesia
absence of normal sense of pain (Greek an – without + algos – pain).
antitussive
agent that prevents or inhibits coughing (Latin anti – against + tussis – cough).
aphonia
inability to produce speech sounds from the larynx (Greek phone – voice).
arthralgia
pain in a joint (from Greek arthron – joint).
atelectasis
a collapse or airless condition of the lung (from Greek ateles – imperfect + ektasis – expansion).
bradycardia
slow heart action (from Greek bradys = slow).
cardiac palpitation
rapid, violent throbbing or fluttering of the heart.
convulsion
paroxysms (sudden recurrence or intensification) of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations.
cyanosis
a bluish, slate-like discoloration of the skin due to the presence of a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the blood (from Greek kyanos = blue).
dysphagia
inability or difficulty in swallowing (Greek dys = bad + phagein = to eat).
dilate
expand (from Latin dilatare – to expand).
diaphoresis
profuse sweating (from Greek diaphoresis – a carrying through).
emphysema
a condition in which the alveoli of the lungs become distended or ruptured (from Greek emphysan – to inflate).
epistaxis
nosebleed (from Greek stazein – to drip)
expectorate
to expel mucus or phlegm from the throat or lungs (Latin pectus, pectoris – breast)
febrile
feverish (Latin febris – fever).
hemoptysis
expectoration of blood due to hemorrhage from the larynx, bronchi, trachea, or lungs (from Greek ptuein – to spit)
hepatosplenomegaly
enlargement of both the liver and spleen.
hyperventilation
hyperpnoea; increased inspiration and expiration.
hypotension
decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure below normal. Deficiency in tonus or tension.
intrathoracic
within the thorax
lymphadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes (from Greek aden – gland).
mediastinum
a septum between two principal portions of an organ. The folds of the pleura and intervening space between the right and left lung.
oliguria
reduction in the amount of urine formed.
peritonsillar abscess
Quinsy. A peritonsillar abscess due to bacterial inflammation of the tonsillar area.
serosanguineous
containing or of the nature of serum and blood (Latin sanguineus – bloody).
sputum
substance obtained by coughing or clearing the throat (Latin sputum).
stertorous
pertaining to loud breathing producing a snoring sound (Latin sterto – to snore).
tachycardia
abnormal rapidity of heart action.
thrombus
a blood clot (pl. thrombi, from Greek thrombos).
tracheotomy/tracheostomy
Tracheotomy – an incision made into the trachea through the neck below the larynx to access the airway below a blockage caused by a foreign body, tumor, or edema of the glottis. Tracheostomy - an opening through the neck into the trachea through which an
vasoconstriction
causing constriction of the blood vessels.
aneurysm
A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel (from the Greek word aneurusma = a widening).
angiography
Radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque diagnostic solution.
angioplasty
Procedure that modifies a blood vessel through surgery or dilation.
anticoagulant
An agent that delays or prevents blood coagulation.
antiarrhythmics
An agent that corrects, prevents, or reduces cardiac arrhythmias.
aortography
A radiological examination of the aorta after the injection of a contrast medium.
aplastic
Pertaining to aplasia; having deficient or arrested development (from the Greek word plastikos = shaped).
apical
Pertaining to the apex (tip or summit).
arrhythmia
The inability of the heart to maintain its normal beat.
arteriogram
Radiographic image of an artery after injection of a contrast medium.
atherosclerosis
A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by irregularly distributed lipid deposits (atheromas) within or beneath intimal surfaces of blood vessels. (from the Greek word athere = porridge – an atheroma is a fatty degeneration or thickening of the wall of
atrial fibrillation
Irregular and rapid contractions of the atria working independently of the ventricles.
atrial flutter
Condition in which contractions of the atrium become extremely rapid (200-400 beats per minute) with regular rhythm.
cardiac arrest
cessation of the heart
coarctation
The narrowing of a blood vessel, in particular the aorta.
comatose
In a condition of a coma, an abnormal deep stupor, where the patient cannot be aroused by external stimuli (from the Greek word koma - deep sleep).
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
The formation of a blood clot in the deep veins of the body.
diaphoretic
An agent that increases perspiration
dyspnea
Need for air resulting in difficult or labored breathing
ectopic beats
In cardiography this term indicates a heartbeat that originates in some abnormal focus and not in the sinoatrial node (from Greek words ek- = out of and topos = place).
embolus
A mass of undissolved matter (air, gas, thrombus, etc.) circulating in the blood or lymphatic vessels until it becomes lodged (from the Greek word embolos = wedge or plug).
erythrocyte
A red blood cell (from the Greek word erythros = red and kytos = cell.
erythropoiesis
The formation of red blood cells (from Greek poiesis - making).
fibrillation
Very rapid contractions or quivering of muscle fibrils.
hemoglobinolysis
Dissolution of hemoglobin, the iron containing pigment of red blood cells.
hemolytic
Pertaining to the breaking down of red blood cells.
hemoptysis
Expectoration of blood (from the Greek word ptuein = to spit).
hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver.
hemostat
Device or medicine which arrests the flow of blood (from Greek word statikos = standing).
holosystolic
Relating to the entire systole, the period of the heart’s contraction (from the Greek holos = whole).
hyperlipidemia
Excessive amounts of lipids (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, etc.) in the blood.
hypertension (HTN)
A disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure.
hypokinesia
Decreased motor reaction to stimulus (from Greek kinesis - motion).
hypoprothrombinemia
A deficiency of prothrombin, a blood clotting factor, in the blood.
infarct
Any area of tissue that becomes necrotic as a result of being cut off from the blood supply.
intramuscular
within a muscle
intravenous
within a vein
ischemia
Transient or localized deficiency of blood supply due to some circulatory obstruction (from the Greek verb ischein = to hold back).
leukocyte
White blood cell (from the Greek word leukos = white).
leukopenia
Abnormal decrease in white blood cells (from the Greek word penia = poverty).
lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction swelling of the lymphatic vessels (from the Greek word oidema = swelling).
lymphadenitis
Inflammation of a lymphatic gland (from Greek aden = gland).
lymphoma
A general term for growth of new tissue in the lymphatic system (from Greek -oma = tumor).
megaloblastic anemia
Anemia -(a condition in which there is a reduced number of circulating red corpuscles or hemoglobin) in which megaloblasts (large nucleated red blood corpuscles) are found (from Greek word blastos = germ).
microcyte
A small erythrocyte.
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Common condition in which the two flaps of the mitral valve prolapse (bulge) into the left atrium, causing a characteristic murmur heard in auscultation.
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Sudden and abrupt acceleration of cardiac rate, ceasing abruptly, originating in an ectopic or abnormal focus in the atria (from Greek word paroxysmos - sudden recurrence; and from the Greek word tachy = speed).
perfusion
The flow of the blood or any other perfusate through the tissues.
pulmonary embolectomy
Excision of a pulmonary embolism.
purpura
A condition characterized by hemorrhage into the skin, and also the mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues. Hemorrhages into the skin initially show red and gradually darken into purple, then fading into brownish-yellow prior to finally disa
sublingual
Beneath or concerning the area beneath the tongue (from the Latin word lingua = tongue).
