Exam 4

Question 1

What is a normal BNP?

Answer 1

less than 100 pg/ml
- the higher the number, the greater chances of heart failure,

Question 2

If a patient is unable to walk on a treadmill for a stress test, what other methods could be used?

Answer 2

a. Vasodilating agents such as dipyridamole, adenosine, or regadenoson
b. Vasodilating agents such as dipyridamole, adenosine, or regadenoson given as an IV infusion are used to mimic the effects of exercise by maximally dilating normal coronary arteries and identifying stenotic arteries that cannot vasodilate.

Question 3

increased hypertension increases risk for

Answer 3

stroke and MI

Question 4

Medications given for high blood pressure

Answer 4

The main diuretic for high blood pressure treatment is thiazide. Diuretics are often used with other high blood pressure medicines, sometimes in one combined pill. Beta blockers help your heart beat slower and with less force. As a result, your heart pumps less blood through your blood vessels.

Question 5

What is the difference between hypertensive urgency and emergency

Answer 5

• Hypertensive Urgency can be treated with oral or IV medications on the floor with individual doses.
• Emergency is more severe and has organ failure

Question 6

What to ask a patient with high blood pressure?

Answer 6

Did you take any high blood pressure meds

Question 7

If patient is taking diaretics, what electrolyte must your check?

Answer 7

POTASSIUM

Question 8

Uncontrolled high blood pressure means the patient is not…

Answer 8

taking their medications

Question 9

Goal of medications for hypertension is to

Answer 9

• lower the blood pressure
• prevent further organ damage

Question 10

When the distal tip of the catheter’s balloon that lies in the main pulmonary artery is inflated, what is being measured?

Answer 10

The pulmonary artery wedge pressure

Question 11

What should you monitor in a patient taking blood pressure medications (prils, arbs, lols, aces)?

Answer 11

Potassium

Question 12

Stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension

Answer 12

Stage 1: 130 to 139 (systolic) or 80 to 89 (diastolic)
Stage 2: 140 or higher (systolic) or 90 (diastolic)

Question 13

BUN lab Range

Answer 13

7-20 mg/dL

Question 14

Creatine Lab Range

Answer 14

0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL

Question 15

Patient has orthostatic hypertension. what should you tell them

Answer 15

Don’t get up too fast to reduce the risk of falling

Question 16

Medication treatments for Hypertension

Answer 16

Calcium Channel Blockers – Pine, amil
b. Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) – artan
c. ACE inhibitors – pril
d. Beta-Blockers – olol
e. ***Thiazide are diuretics and not considered to be in the family of blood pressure medications even though it is used for blood pressure

Question 17

With hypertensive emergency, the goal is to normalize the blood pressure within how many hours?

Answer 17

a. Reduce blood pressure by no more that 25% in the first hour
b. 160/100 within 2-6 hours
c. Then gradual reduction to normal 24-48 hours of treatment

Question 18

If a patient has peripheral artery insufficiency, what should the nurse include in their teaching?

Answer 18

a. Lower the extremity
b. For patients with PAD, blood flow to the lower extremities needs to be enhanced; therefore, the nurse encourages keeping the lower extremities in a neutral or dependent position.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE), how would a nurse explain this condition to the patient?

Answer 19

a. Venous stasis
b. Altered coagulation
c. Blood swelling

Question 20

risk factors associated with thromboembolism

Answer 20

a. endothelial damage
b. venous stasis
c. altered coagulation

Question 21

Components of a cardiac assessment

Answer 21

a. Health history
b. Demographic information
c. Family/genetic history
d. Cultural/social factors
e. Risk factors; Modifiable and Nonmodifiable

Question 22

Patient has acute coronary artery syndrome. what labs are monitored

Answer 22

a. Troponin
b. creatine kinase (CK-MB) – heart muscle
c. myoglobin

Question 23

What does a right cardiac cath measure

Answer 23

pulmonary artery pressure.
it is in the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 24

When a pulmonary artery catheter is inflated and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure is measured in a critically ill patient, what will the results and measurements be used to assess for?

Answer 24

a. left ventricular preload
b. Monitoring of the pulmonary artery diastolic and pulmonary artery wedge pressures is particularly important in critically ill patients because they are used to evaluate left ventricular filling pressures (i.e., left ventricular preload).

Question 25

What is a measurement of the pressure in the vena cava or right atrium and also reflects the filling pressure of the right ventricle (pre-load)?

Answer 25

a. CVP (central venous pressure)
b. The normal CVP is 2 to 6 mm Hg

Question 26

creatine reactive protein (CRP) measures

Answer 26

inflammation
- higher than 1.0 mg/dL indications inflammation but not the location or cause.
- a protein produced by the liver in response to systemic inflammation

Question 27

Normal BP is

Answer 27

120/80
- Systolic <120 mm Hg and Diastolic <80 mm Hg

Question 28

Patient education for pulmonary artery disease

Answer 28

STOP SMOKING

Question 29

what tool is used if you can’t feel a patient’s pulse

Answer 29

Continuous wave (CW) Doppler Ultrasound

Question 30

A patient with atherosclerosis should stop what immediately?

Answer 30

Stop smoking

Question 31

Patient with high blood pressure and Decreased vision is at risk for

Answer 31

Retinal bleeding due to high blood pressure (retinal hemorrhages)

Question 32

High Central venous pressure (CVP) symptom

Answer 32

Fluid volume overload (hypervolemic)

Question 33

If you have heart failure on the left side of the heart, what system of the body will be affected?

Answer 33

Respiratory system

Question 34

Low CVP symptom

Answer 34

Fluid volume deficit (hypovolemic)

Question 35

Increased hypertension can put a patient at risk for hypertension?

Answer 35

Heart attack

Question 36

Hypertensive emergency

Answer 36

• organ failure
• Blood pressure >180/120 mm Hg

Question 37

Hypertensive urgency

Answer 37

Blood pressure >180/120 mm Hg

Question 38

normal range for CVP (Central Venous Pressure)

Answer 38

2-6

Question 39

components of a physical cardiac assessment

Answer 39

a. General appearance
b. Skin and extremities
c. Pulse pressure
d. Blood pressure; orthostatic changes
e. Arterial pulses
f. Jugular venous pulsations
g. Heart inspection, palpation, auscultation
h. Assessment of other systems

Question 40

What does a BNP lab test for?

Answer 40

a. Heart Failure
b. The BNP level is a key diagnostic indicator of HF; high levels are a sign of high cardiac filling pressure and can aid in both the diagnosis and management of HF.

Question 41

What is used in critical care for assessing left ventricular function, diagnosing the etiology of shock, and evaluating the patient’s response to medical interventions (e.g., fluid administration, vasoactive medications)?

Answer 41

Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring

Question 42

In addition to obtaining pressure readings, the CVP catheter is used for what else?

Answer 42

a. infusing IV fluids
b. administering IV medications
c. drawing blood specimens

Question 43

A patient with high blood pressure is at risk for having what?

Answer 43

Stoke and heart attack

Question 44

With hypertensive urgency, the goal is to normalize the blood pressure within how many hours?

Answer 44

24-48 hrs