EXAM 4

Question 1

Macro elements

Answer 1

• make up 99% of body, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen and Nitrogeon
• Is REQUIRED in large amounts
• NON TOXIC

Question 2

Microelements

Answer 2

-make up 1% of body, Iron, Zinc, and Chlorine
- TOXIC and small amounts

Question 3

Producers

Answer 3

• Nutritional requirements : Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium

Question 4

Consumers

Answer 4

• need minerals, energy, and building blocks
  – Carbs, protein, fats, vitamin, minerals, and water
  – needs amino acids to make protein
  –ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS- MUST BE CONSUMED
  –-NON ESSENTIAL- CAN BE MAKE THROUGH ORGANISM

Question 5

Animal Digestion

Answer 5

same basic design, except do not need amino acids as much
1. Getting food – active foragers, sit-and-wait foragers
2. Mouth –break into small pieces (chewing, saliva, swallow)
–Lactase- most adult mammals are lactose breaks down dairy
3. Stomach – acids, protein breakdown and storage
4. Small Intestine – break down large organic molecules, lots of
surface area for absorption.

Question 6

Herbivores

Answer 6

can break down plants and have a long digestive system

Question 7

Form

Answer 7

Form is the shape and size of bodies or inner portions. SHAPE AND SIZE. FORM CARRIES OUT NECESSARY FUNCTIONS OF LIFE.

Question 8

Function

Answer 8

Things necessary to live. both form and function are work for the inside and outside of the organism

Question 9

Allometry

Answer 9

different sizes mean different challenges. Different appearances based on body size. Bigger the animal the more cells
C. Size is generally a function of cell number not cell size.
D. Larger size can lead to evolution of greater complexity
E. Specialization of repeated units- it’s like having a backup.

Question 10

Surface Area

Answer 10

Volume decreases with increased size

Question 11

Support

Answer 11

Skeletons give structure and bones can be thick. With great size comes w gravity w well supported big bones.

Question 12

Internal and External Skeletons

Answer 12

Internal are skeletons inside, while external are the arthropods such as insects and shells where they have the skeletons on the outside.

Question 13

Hydrostatic (soft-bodied organisms)

Answer 13

snails. Very flexible and muscles are attached to skeleton for movement

Question 14

Cell Walls

Answer 14

relevant to not be a blop. Skeleton of skeletons

Question 15

Land vs Water for skeletons

Answer 15

Internal and external depends on it. Exoskeleton can provide hydration or different ways to go against gravity.

Question 16

Joints

Answer 16

balance between flexibility and rigidity

Question 17

Muscles

Answer 17

• contract to cause movement
  1. Work in pairs to move body parts. Needing a muscle to go in the opposite direction to flex.
  2. Muscle strength depends on the amount of tissue. MORE TISSUE= MORE STRENGTH/ FORCE
  3. Muscle speed. Longer muscles move faster.
  B. Muscles and Skeleton work together

Question 18

protist and Bacteria

Answer 18

D. Protists use cilia and flagella
E. Bacteria use rotary flagella

Question 19

Running, Flying and Swimming

Answer 19

require flight dragging

Question 20

Range or Distribution

Answer 20

• the area of which species can be found
• Species are usually unevenly distributed
• Species have patchy distributions over large areas
• Clumped is more common or uniformly distributed while random isn’t as common

Question 21

Habitat

Answer 21

less about the place and more about the physical and biological components for organisms to reproduce, it basically involves the surroundings to reproduce. SPECIFIC TO A SPECIES

Question 22

Presence of Suitable Habitat factors

Answer 22

• Physical Environment= light levels, or temp
• Biotic Environment= food sources, pollen, number of predators or competitors
• Interaction Between Physical and Biotic Environments ex: barnacle ex one species of barnacle can live under the water but some can never be found in the lower regions bc of a competitor
• Disturbance= such as fires. Some habitats need a disturbance such as needing a fire for pine trees, droughts, floods or storms

Question 23

Dispersal

Answer 23

an individual moves to another area. Usually means natal dispersal= leaving where you were born.
- Active and Passive dispersals
Active where they search out suitable habitats
passive is where they NEED assistance to move

Question 24

Controlling Pests

Answer 24

gives better understanding why pests coming in

Question 25

Biological Indicators

Answer 25

some species are more sensitive to changes, can affect other species ex pollutants
B. Environment includes living and non-living things
C. Organisms and Environment influence each other. Organisms can affect their environments
D. Hierarchy of Ecological Study (smallest to largest)

Question 26

Populations

Answer 26

groups of individuals of the same species living in an area at the same time. POPULATIONS ARE PART OF A COMMUNITY

Question 27

Communities

Answer 27

groups of different species at a given area at a given time that interact.

Question 28

Biosphere

Answer 28

all the ecosystems on the planet

Question 29

Ozone

Answer 29

absorbs the most powerful radiation before it hits the earth.

Question 30

Weather vs. Climate

Answer 30

Weather is short term. The temp, precipitation, wind speed, humid, cloud coverage. LESS PREDICTABLE
Climate is long term. Prevailing weather patterns that can be predictable. Ex: Illinois in December may be cold and may be snowy

Question 31

Solar Radiation-

Answer 31

energy that comes from the sun. How the sun hits a portion of the earth at a given time of the year, ex: sun hits more during the summer.

Question 32

Geographic Features influence climate

Answer 32

Clockwise wind in north
Counterclockwise wind in southern
Places close by lakes or ocean are more cooler, when in winter it is warmer by lake bc it gives off heat= temp moderation
Lake effects snow, warm air warms the cold air making it rain
COLD AIR CAN’T HOLD MUCH WATER
Rain shadow- absence of rain

Question 33

Biomes

Answer 33

major types of life zones, influenced by climate. The two most defining features are TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
-Rainforest= lot of precipitation and trees
-Deserts= can be warm and cold, lack of water and how vegetation evolved w out water
-Chaparral- shrub plants not a lot of grass, can be moist, hot and dry
-Savannas/grasslands= light trees, tall shrubs,
-Temperate forest= nontropical forests, warm summers and cold winters
-Boreal forests= evergreen trees, very cold winters lots of snow
-Tundra- COLDEST, somewhat warm in winter but not enough to defrost