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BI173—Cell & Organismal Biology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

large animals’ adaptation of lungs & digestive tract

A

branching and folds

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2
Q

larger cells have ____ surface area per unit of volume

A

less

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3
Q

characteristic of nervous signals

A

travel quickly

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4
Q

all animals have most cells in…

A

aqueous medium

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5
Q

does an elephant or mouse cool down faster?

A

mouse

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6
Q

metabolic rate

A

amount of energy used by an animal in a given time

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7
Q

advantage of an animal that conforms to temperature

A

spends less energy regulating internal temp

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8
Q

bacteria in salt

A

conformation

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9
Q

salmon in freshwater and saltwater

A

acclimatization

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10
Q

ectotherm more likely to survive in a cool environment without food because..

A

it invests little energy in temperature regulation

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11
Q

brown fat involved in…

A

nonshivering thermogenesis

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12
Q

basis for brown fat adaptation in small mammals

A

large surface area to volume ratio

heat loss is higher

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13
Q

snakes are more active in summer because…

A

they gain body heat via conduction

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14
Q

SMR and BMR both measured…

A

in resting and fasting state

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15
Q

allows small animals to survive absence of food resources

A

torpor

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16
Q

animals that migrate obtain greatest energy benefit from…

A

storing energy as fat

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17
Q

required for digesting macromolecules

A

enzymatic hydrolysis

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18
Q

importance of salivary mucus

A

includes glycoproteins that lubricate food

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19
Q

long cecum found in…

A

herbivores

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20
Q

function of secretin

A

increases flow of bicarb from pancreas

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21
Q

distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy

A

animals ingest food

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22
Q

all animals have in common

A

Hox genes

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23
Q

mesoderm does NOT give rise to…

A

nervous system

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24
Q

most variation among protostomes

A

type of coelom

25
Q

muscle activity of GI tract distorts body

A

acoelomates

26
Q

sponges have no…

A

true tissues

27
Q

difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom

A

developmental origin

28
Q

identical offspring implies…

A

radial & indeterminate cleavage

29
Q

6 types of connective tissues

A
  • loose
  • fibrous
  • bone
  • adipose
  • blood
  • cartilage
30
Q

endothermic animals

A

generate heat by metabolism

31
Q

ectothermic animals

A

gain heat from external sources

conformers

32
Q

4 types of heat exchange

A

radiation - ie from the sun

evaporation - ie sweating

convection - ie breeze

conduction - ie warm rock

33
Q

bioenergetics

A

overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal

34
Q

____ energy is taken in than used

35
Q

BMR is for _____

SMR is for______

A

endotherms

ectotherms

36
Q

estivation

A

summer torpor

37
Q

long term torpor

A

hiberation

38
Q

___ essential vitamins for humans

39
Q

digestion via phagocytosis and lysosomes

A

intracellular

40
Q

exclusively uses intracellular digestion

41
Q

most animals have a ____ stage and a _________

A

larval

metamorphosis

42
Q

highly conserved among all animals

43
Q

symmetry like a circle

44
Q

sessile

A

attached to something

45
Q

planktonic

46
Q

tend to have a CNS

A

bilaterally symmetrical animals

47
Q

diploblastic

A

only endoderm and ectoderm

48
Q

triploblastic

A

includes mesoderm

49
Q

derived from mesoderm

50
Q

traits of protostomes

A
  • spiral & determinate cleavage
  • coelom from solid masses of mesoderm
  • blastopore becomes mouth
51
Q

traits of deuterostomes

A
  • radial and indeterminate cleavage
  • coelom from mesoderm budding off wall of archenteron
  • blastopore becomes anus
52
Q

common ancestor of animals

A

ancestral protist

53
Q

“true animals”

54
Q

3 clades in bilatera

A
  • deuterostomia
  • ecdysozoa
  • lophotrochozoa
55
Q

clade including chordates

A

deuterostomia

56
Q

secrete external skeletons

57
Q

shedding of exoskeleton

58
Q

includes lophophores & those with trophophore larva

A

lophotrochozoa

BI173—Cell & Organismal Biology (3 decks)

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