Exam 4 Flashcards
Which of the following neuroglias forms the blood brain barrier?
- Astrocyte
- Microglial cell
- Oligodendrocytes
- ependymal cell
Astrocyte
Nissi bodies (substances) are
- Part of a dendrite
- Lipid droplets
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Part of golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Afferent fibers are responsible for carrying impulses
- to the central nervous system
- to the peripheral nervous system
- away from the central nervous system
- from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system
to the central nervous system
All of the following are.components of the central nervous system EXCEPT
a. microglia
b. astrocytes
c. oligodendrocytes
d. schwann cells
Schwann cells
By definitions a ganglia is
A. a collection of myelinated axons in the PNS
B. A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
C. a collection nuclei only in the PNS
D. none of the above
a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
By definition a tract is
A. a collection of myelinated axons in the CNS
B. A collection of nerve cells bodies in the CNS
C. A collection nuclei on in the CNS
D. none of the above
a collection of myelinated axons in the CNS
a bundle of axons is held together by the ____
A. Endoneurium
b. perineurium
c. Epineurium
d. Macroneurium
perineurium
anatomically the nervous system is divided into the
a. central nervous system (CNS)
b. the peripheral nervous system
c. afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) system
d. all of the above
e only A and B are correct
only A and B are correct
During hyperpolarization
A.the resting membrane potential (RMP) becomes more positive
B.the RMP becomes more negative
C.the RMP reaches threshold
D.The RMP is at -90mV
B. The RMP becomes more negative.
The RMP for a motor neuron is -75 MV. an influx ions will cause the RMP to
A. Reach closer to threshold
b. move further away from threshold
c. remain at -90mV
d. depolarize
b. move further away from threshold
Schwann Cells
a. are myelin forming cells
b. part of the peripheral nervous system
c. Schwann cells are separated from each other by the node of Ranvier
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Damage to the Schwann cells would result in
a. loss of the structural framework of the brain
b. decreased speed of conduction
c. ability to produce scar tissue at the site of injury
b. decreased speed of conduction
All of the following glial cells are components of the central nervous system EXCEPT
A. microglia
B. astrocytes
C. oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells
D. Schwann cells
The RMP for a motor neuron is -90mV. Increasing extracellular [K*] will cause the neuron to become
A more excitable
B less excitable
C hyperpolarize
D no change in the RMP
A more excitable
Support cells in the peripheral nervous system are the
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocyte
Schwann cells
An increase in extracellular [Ca2+] will cause an excitable cell to
become less excitable
become more excitable
have no physiological effect
inhibit postsynaptic vesicles fusion
Become less excitable
A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K* voltage gated channels will most likely result in
depolarization repolarization hyperpolarization initiation of an action potential no change in membrane potential
hyperpolarization
The all-or-none principle states that
the properties of an action potential are independent of the strength of the stimulus
all stimuli will produce action potentials
all graded potentials will generate action potentials
any excitable cell membrane can generate and propagate an action potential if stimulated to threshold
any excitable cell membrane can generate and propagate an action potential if stimulated to threshold
Which of the following surrounds bundles of nerve fascicles?
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
None of the above
Epineurium
To elicit an action potential, an excitable cell membrane must
A have its voltage-gated channels closed
B be hyperpolarized
C be depolarized to threshold level
D not be in the a relative refractory period
Be depolarized to threshold level
Increasing the diameter of an axon will results in
- decrease in the conduction velocity
- an increase in the conduction velocity
- no change in the conduction velocity
- none of the above
an increase in the conduction velocity
By definition, a nucleus is
a collection of myelinated axons in the PNS
a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
a collection nuclei only in the PNS
none of the above
None of the above
Depolarization of an excitable
membrane will shift the membrane potential towards
Minus ninety mV (-90 mV) -
Minus eighty-five mV (-85 mV)
Minus seventy mV (-70 mV)
Zero (0)
Zero (0)
Depolarization of an excitable cells occurs when there is a rapid ____
of ______
Influx/ sodium
A neuroglial cell that forms myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is A astrocyte B Microglial-cell C oligodendrocytes D ependymal cell E none of the above
None of the above
Which of the following connective tissue layer envelopes a bundle of axons?
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
None of the above
Perineurium
A neuron is said to be polarized because
the action potential can travel in a bilateral direction
he soma is always at one extremity of the cell
there is a difference of electrical potential across its membrane
it tends to cluster with other neurons in nuclei
there is a difference of electrical potential across its membrane
Which of the following statement is most correct for resting membrane potential?
The cell membrane is permeable to Na* but impermeable to K* ions
The extracellular matrix is more negative than in the intracellular
Potassium is high in the extracellular matrix
The sodium pump pumps Nat to the outside of the cell
The sodium pump pumps Nat to the outside of the cell
To elicit an action potential, an excitable cell membrane must
have its voltage-gated channels closed
be hyperpolarized
be depolarized to threshold level
not be in the a relative refractory period
be depolarized to threshold level
Increasing the diameter of an axon will results in
a decrease in the conduction velocity
an increase in the conduction velocity
no change in the conduction velocity
none of the above
An increase in the conduction velocity
A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K+ channels will most likely result in
depolarization repolarization hyperpolarization initiation of an action potential no change in membrane potential
hyperpolarization
All of the following statements concerning myelination are correct EXCEPT
it is accomplished by Schwann cells in the PNS
it is accomplished by oligodendrocytes in the CNS
it is complete at birth
associated with saltatory conduction along the axon
It is complete at birth
An increase in extracellular [K+] will cause the cell to
be more excitable
be less excitable
depolarize
repolarize
Be more excitable
An increase in intracellular [K*] will cause the cell to
be more excitable
be less excitable
depolarize
repolarize
Be more excitable
Assuming the RMP is -70mV, which of the following is most correct about gated channels when the neural membrane potential is -65mV (threshold =
-60mV)
Na* channels are open, K* channels are closed
Both Nat and K+ channels are open
K* channels are open and Na* channels are closed
Both Nat and K* channels are closed
Na* channels are open, K* channels are closed
A resting membrane is determined to be -70 mV and the threshold is determined to be -60 mV. A change in membrane potential to -62 mV will results in depolarization hyperpolarization an action potential repolarization
Depolarization
A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K* channels will most likely result in
depolarization, repolarization hyperpolarization initiation of an action potential no change in membrane potential
Hyperpolarization
Depolarization of an excitable membrane will shift the membrane potential towards
Minus ninety mV (-90 mV)
Minus eighty-five mV (-85 mV)
Minus seventy mV (-70 mV)
Zero (0)
Zero
The ___ division of the nervous system conducts actions potentials from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle.
Afferent Autonomic Sensory Somatic None of the above
Autonomic
Nodes of Ranvier are
Interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon
Collections of immune cells in the CNS
Satellite cells that support neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Gaps between choroids plexuses where cerebral spinal fluid emerges
Interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon
The threshold of a neuron is the
Total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential
Voltage that triggers activation of voltage-gated channels
Time between binding of the neurotransmitter and firing of an action potential
Voltage across the resting cell membrane
Total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential
All of the following structures are components of the brainstem EXCEPT the
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
Thalamus
Thalamus
Which lobes of the cerebrum serve as the main center for receiving and processing of sensory information EXCEPT for smell, hearing and vision?
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Parietal
Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input hearing?
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
Central sulcus of Rolando Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure
Longitudinal fissure
All of the following are lobes associated with the cerebrum EXCEPT
Insula Ethmoid Frontal Temporal Parietal
Ethmoid
Which of the following lobes controls voluntary motor functions?
Insula Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital
Frontal
A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a
Ganglion
Gyrus
Lobe
Sulcus
Gyrus
Gyri on the cerebral surface
the surface area of the cortex.
Slightly increase
Greatly increase
Slightly decrease
Greatly decrease
Greatly increase
From superficial to deep, the three layers of the meninges are
Dura mater: pia mater; arachnoid mater
Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater
Pia mater: dura mater: arachnoid mater
Pia mater; arachnoid mater; dura mater
Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater
There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves.
Twelve (12) Twenty-one(21) Thirty-one(31) Forty-three(43) None of the above
Twelve (12)
All of the following structures are components of the hindbrain EXCEPT the
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Which lobes of the cerebrum serve as the main center for receiving and processing of sensory information EXCEPT for smell, hearing and vision?
Frontal Ning Occipital Parietal Temporal
Parietal
Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input hearing?
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
Central sulcus of Rolando Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure
Longitudinal fissure
Ridges found on the cerebellum are commonly called
Purkinje Folia Gyri Ganglion None of the above
Folía
Which of the following lobes controls voluntary somatosensory functions?
Insula Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital
Parietal
Superficial grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are termed Fissures Gyri Lobes Sulci
Sulci
From superficial to deep, the three layers of the meninges are
Dura mater; pia mater; arachnoid mater
Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater
Pia mater; dura mater; arachnoid mater
Pia mater; arachnoid mater; dura mater
Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater
Audition and vestibular functions are associated with which of the following lobes of the brain?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Temporal
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
Central sulcus of Rolando Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure
Longitudinal fissure
A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a
Ganglion
Gyrus
Lobe
Sulcus
Gyrus
Gyri on the cerebral surface
Slightly increase
Greatly increase
Slightly decrease
)Greatly decrease
Greatly increase
All of the following structures are components of the brainstem EXCEPT the
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
Thalamus
Thalamus
Which of the following lobes controls voluntary motor functions?
Insula Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital
Frontal
All of the following are lobes associated with the cerebrum EXCEPT
Insula Ethmoid Frontal Temporal Parietal
Ethmoid
Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input for hearing? Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal
Temporal
Which of the following is most correct regarding blood flow to the brain
Tributaries irrigating the brain arise from two main branches: the internal carotid and the basilar arteries
The anterior cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid
The middle cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid
The posterior cerebral artery arise from the basilar artery
All of the above
All of the above
