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Bio 223 Lecture > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following neuroglias forms the blood brain barrier?

  • Astrocyte
  • Microglial cell
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • ependymal cell
A

Astrocyte

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2
Q

Nissi bodies (substances) are

  • Part of a dendrite
  • Lipid droplets
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Part of golgi apparatus
A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

Afferent fibers are responsible for carrying impulses

  • to the central nervous system
  • to the peripheral nervous system
  • away from the central nervous system
  • from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system
A

to the central nervous system

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4
Q

All of the following are.components of the central nervous system EXCEPT

a. microglia
b. astrocytes
c. oligodendrocytes
d. schwann cells

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

By definitions a ganglia is

A. a collection of myelinated axons in the PNS
B. A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
C. a collection nuclei only in the PNS
D. none of the above

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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6
Q

By definition a tract is

A. a collection of myelinated axons in the CNS
B. A collection of nerve cells bodies in the CNS
C. A collection nuclei on in the CNS
D. none of the above

A

a collection of myelinated axons in the CNS

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7
Q

a bundle of axons is held together by the ____

A. Endoneurium

b. perineurium
c. Epineurium
d. Macroneurium

A

perineurium

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8
Q

anatomically the nervous system is divided into the

a. central nervous system (CNS)
b. the peripheral nervous system
c. afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) system
d. all of the above
e only A and B are correct

A

only A and B are correct

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9
Q

During hyperpolarization

A.the resting membrane potential (RMP) becomes more positive
B.the RMP becomes more negative
C.the RMP reaches threshold
D.The RMP is at -90mV

A

B. The RMP becomes more negative.

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10
Q

The RMP for a motor neuron is -75 MV. an influx ions will cause the RMP to

A. Reach closer to threshold

b. move further away from threshold
c. remain at -90mV
d. depolarize

A

b. move further away from threshold

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11
Q

Schwann Cells

a. are myelin forming cells
b. part of the peripheral nervous system
c. Schwann cells are separated from each other by the node of Ranvier
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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12
Q

Damage to the Schwann cells would result in

a. loss of the structural framework of the brain
b. decreased speed of conduction
c. ability to produce scar tissue at the site of injury

A

b. decreased speed of conduction

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13
Q

All of the following glial cells are components of the central nervous system EXCEPT

A. microglia
B. astrocytes
C. oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells

A

D. Schwann cells

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14
Q

The RMP for a motor neuron is -90mV. Increasing extracellular [K*] will cause the neuron to become

A more excitable
B less excitable
C hyperpolarize
D no change in the RMP

A

A more excitable

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15
Q

Support cells in the peripheral nervous system are the

Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocyte

A

Schwann cells

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16
Q

An increase in extracellular [Ca2+] will cause an excitable cell to

become less excitable
become more excitable
have no physiological effect
inhibit postsynaptic vesicles fusion

A

Become less excitable

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17
Q

A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K* voltage gated channels will most likely result in

depolarization
repolarization
hyperpolarization
initiation of an action potential
no change in membrane potential
A

hyperpolarization

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18
Q

The all-or-none principle states that

the properties of an action potential are independent of the strength of the stimulus

all stimuli will produce action potentials

all graded potentials will generate action potentials

any excitable cell membrane can generate and propagate an action potential if stimulated to threshold

A

any excitable cell membrane can generate and propagate an action potential if stimulated to threshold

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19
Q

Which of the following surrounds bundles of nerve fascicles?

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
None of the above

A

Epineurium

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20
Q

To elicit an action potential, an excitable cell membrane must

A have its voltage-gated channels closed
B be hyperpolarized
C be depolarized to threshold level
D not be in the a relative refractory period

A

Be depolarized to threshold level

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21
Q

Increasing the diameter of an axon will results in

  • decrease in the conduction velocity
  • an increase in the conduction velocity
  • no change in the conduction velocity
  • none of the above
A

an increase in the conduction velocity

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22
Q

By definition, a nucleus is

a collection of myelinated axons in the PNS
a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
a collection nuclei only in the PNS
none of the above

A

None of the above

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23
Q

Depolarization of an excitable
membrane will shift the membrane potential towards

Minus ninety mV (-90 mV) -
Minus eighty-five mV (-85 mV)
Minus seventy mV (-70 mV)
Zero (0)

A

Zero (0)

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24
Q

Depolarization of an excitable cells occurs when there is a rapid ____
of ______

A

Influx/ sodium

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25
Q 
A neuroglial cell that forms myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is
A astrocyte 
B Microglial-cell
C oligodendrocytes 
D ependymal cell 
E none of the above
A

None of the above

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26
Q

Which of the following connective tissue layer envelopes a bundle of axons?

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
None of the above

A

Perineurium

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27
Q

A neuron is said to be polarized because

the action potential can travel in a bilateral direction
he soma is always at one extremity of the cell
there is a difference of electrical potential across its membrane
it tends to cluster with other neurons in nuclei

A

there is a difference of electrical potential across its membrane

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28
Q

Which of the following statement is most correct for resting membrane potential?

The cell membrane is permeable to Na* but impermeable to K* ions

The extracellular matrix is more negative than in the intracellular

Potassium is high in the extracellular matrix

The sodium pump pumps Nat to the outside of the cell

A

The sodium pump pumps Nat to the outside of the cell

29
Q

To elicit an action potential, an excitable cell membrane must

have its voltage-gated channels closed
be hyperpolarized
be depolarized to threshold level
not be in the a relative refractory period

A

be depolarized to threshold level

30
Q

Increasing the diameter of an axon will results in

a decrease in the conduction velocity
an increase in the conduction velocity
no change in the conduction velocity
none of the above

A

An increase in the conduction velocity

31
Q

A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K+ channels will most likely result in

depolarization
repolarization
hyperpolarization
initiation of an action potential
no change in membrane potential
A

hyperpolarization

32
Q

All of the following statements concerning myelination are correct EXCEPT

it is accomplished by Schwann cells in the PNS

it is accomplished by oligodendrocytes in the CNS

it is complete at birth

associated with saltatory conduction along the axon

A

It is complete at birth

33
Q

An increase in extracellular [K+] will cause the cell to

be more excitable
be less excitable
depolarize
repolarize

A

Be more excitable

34
Q

An increase in intracellular [K*] will cause the cell to

be more excitable
be less excitable
depolarize
repolarize

A

Be more excitable

35
Q

Assuming the RMP is -70mV, which of the following is most correct about gated channels when the neural membrane potential is -65mV (threshold =
-60mV)

Na* channels are open, K* channels are closed
Both Nat and K+ channels are open
K* channels are open and Na* channels are closed
Both Nat and K* channels are closed

A

Na* channels are open, K* channels are closed

36
Q 
A resting membrane is determined to be -70 mV and the threshold is determined to be -60 mV. A change in membrane potential to -62 mV will results
in
depolarization
hyperpolarization
an action potential
repolarization
A

Depolarization

37
Q

A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K* channels will most likely result in

depolarization,
repolarization
hyperpolarization
initiation of an action potential
no change in membrane potential
A

Hyperpolarization

38
Q

Depolarization of an excitable membrane will shift the membrane potential towards

Minus ninety mV (-90 mV)
Minus eighty-five mV (-85 mV)
Minus seventy mV (-70 mV)
Zero (0)

A

Zero

39
Q

The ___ division of the nervous system conducts actions potentials from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle.

Afferent
Autonomic
Sensory
Somatic
None of the above
A

Autonomic

40
Q

Nodes of Ranvier are

Interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon
Collections of immune cells in the CNS
Satellite cells that support neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Gaps between choroids plexuses where cerebral spinal fluid emerges

A

Interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon

41
Q

The threshold of a neuron is the

Total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential

Voltage that triggers activation of voltage-gated channels

Time between binding of the neurotransmitter and firing of an action potential

Voltage across the resting cell membrane

A

Total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential

42
Q

All of the following structures are components of the brainstem EXCEPT the

Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
Thalamus

A

Thalamus

43
Q

Which lobes of the cerebrum serve as the main center for receiving and processing of sensory information EXCEPT for smell, hearing and vision?

Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

A

Parietal

44
Q

Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input hearing?

Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal

A

Temporal

45
Q

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

Central sulcus of Rolando
Fissure of Rolando
Fissure of Sylvius
Longitudinal fissure
Transverse fissure
A

Longitudinal fissure

46
Q

All of the following are lobes associated with the cerebrum EXCEPT

Insula
Ethmoid
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
A

Ethmoid

47
Q

Which of the following lobes controls voluntary motor functions?

Insula
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
A

Frontal

48
Q

A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a

Ganglion
Gyrus
Lobe
Sulcus

A

Gyrus

49
Q

Gyri on the cerebral surface
the surface area of the cortex.

Slightly increase
Greatly increase
Slightly decrease
Greatly decrease

A

Greatly increase

50
Q

From superficial to deep, the three layers of the meninges are

Dura mater: pia mater; arachnoid mater
Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater
Pia mater: dura mater: arachnoid mater
Pia mater; arachnoid mater; dura mater

A

Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater

51
Q

There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves.

Twelve (12)
Twenty-one(21)
Thirty-one(31)
Forty-three(43)
None of the above
A

Twelve (12)

52
Q

All of the following structures are components of the hindbrain EXCEPT the

Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum

A

Midbrain

53
Q

Which lobes of the cerebrum serve as the main center for receiving and processing of sensory information EXCEPT for smell, hearing and vision?

Frontal
Ning
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
A

Parietal

54
Q

Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input hearing?

Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal

A

Temporal

55
Q

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

Central sulcus of Rolando
Fissure of Rolando
Fissure of Sylvius
Longitudinal fissure
Transverse fissure
A

Longitudinal fissure

56
Q

Ridges found on the cerebellum are commonly called

Purkinje
Folia
Gyri
Ganglion
None of the above
A

Folía

57
Q

Which of the following lobes controls voluntary somatosensory functions?

Insula
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
A

Parietal

58
Q 
Superficial grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are termed
Fissures
Gyri
Lobes
Sulci
A

Sulci

59
Q

From superficial to deep, the three layers of the meninges are

Dura mater; pia mater; arachnoid mater
Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater
Pia mater; dura mater; arachnoid mater
Pia mater; arachnoid mater; dura mater

A

Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater

60
Q

Audition and vestibular functions are associated with which of the following lobes of the brain?

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

A

Temporal

61
Q

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

Central sulcus of Rolando
Fissure of Rolando
Fissure of Sylvius
Longitudinal fissure
Transverse fissure
A

Longitudinal fissure

62
Q

A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a

Ganglion
Gyrus
Lobe
Sulcus

A

Gyrus

63
Q

Gyri on the cerebral surface

Slightly increase
Greatly increase
Slightly decrease
)Greatly decrease

A

Greatly increase

64
Q

All of the following structures are components of the brainstem EXCEPT the

Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
Thalamus

A

Thalamus

65
Q

Which of the following lobes controls voluntary motor functions?

Insula
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
A

Frontal

66
Q

All of the following are lobes associated with the cerebrum EXCEPT

Insula
Ethmoid
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
A

Ethmoid

67
Q 
Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input for hearing?
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
A

Temporal

68
Q

Which of the following is most correct regarding blood flow to the brain

Tributaries irrigating the brain arise from two main branches: the internal carotid and the basilar arteries
The anterior cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid
The middle cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid
The posterior cerebral artery arise from the basilar artery
All of the above

A

All of the above

Bio 223 Lecture (3 decks)

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