Exam Flashcards
Three situations where primary aldosteronism is a differential
Resistant hypertension in young
Hypokalaemia
Alkalosis
Test to confirm primary aldosteronism
Saline suppression test
Commonest mutation in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21-hydroxylase
Diagnosis of C.A.H.
Basal progesterone
Short synacthen test (causes inappropriately high progesterone)
Treatment of raised prolactin
Dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine, cabergoline)
Definitive test for Cushings
Low dose dexamethasone suppression
Three signs of hypocalcaemia
Chvosteks sign
Long QT
Trosseau sign
Management of acute hypocalcaemia
10mls 10% calcium gluconate over 10 minutes
What are the a) fasting glucose b) random glucose limits required to make the diagnosis of diabetes?
a) 7.0
b) 11.1
How does the diagnosis of diabetes differ depending on whether the patient is symptomatic or asymptomatic?
If asymptomatic, need results above threshold on two separate occasions
A HbA1c of greater than…is diagnostic of DM
48mmol/mol (6.5%)
In what circumstances can HbA1c not be used for diagnosis?
Where there is greater than usual red cell turnover
Fasting glucose between 6.1 and 7.0 is diagnostic of…
Impaired fasting glucose
Impaired glucose tolerance is defined as…
Fasting glucose less than 7.0
+ 2hr OGTT greater than 7.8 but less than 11.1
Management of DKA? (3)
Fluid replacement initially
Insulin infusion
Correction of hypokalaemia
