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ANTR 350 > Exam 3 (weeks 5-8) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (weeks 5-8) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  1. 31 spinal nerve pairs
  2. 12 cranial nerve pairs
  3. Ganglia
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2
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin that sensation is innervated by 1 (or 2) spinal nerve(s).

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3
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

A cluster of spinal nerves that form new terminal branches.

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4
Q

What is the primary dorsal rami?

A

Smaller (less neurons)

Can’t form a nerve plexus

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5
Q

What are the spinal nerve rami that contribute to the lateral cord?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
C5-C7

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6
Q

What are the spinal nerve rami that contribute to the posterior cord?

A

Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
C5-T1

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7
Q

What are the spinal nerve rami that contribute to the medial cord?

A

Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
C8-T1

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8
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

Anterior brachial plexus nerve branch
Lateral cord
Travels in the middle of the arm to the lateral forearm
Motor innervation: muscles in the anterior comp of the arm.
Sensory innervation: skin on the lateral forearm

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9
Q

Median nerve

A

Anterior brachial plexus nerve branch
Lateral and medial cord

Travels in the middle of the forearm, through the carpal tunnel to the lateral palm and fingers

Motor innervation: muscles in the anterior forearm, thenar muscles

Sensory innervation: skin on the lateral palm (thumb/thenar) and lateral digits

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10
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Anterior brachial plexus nerve branch.
Medial cord

Travels in the medial arm, behind medial epicondyle, in the medial forearm, and hand.

Motor innervation: hypothenar muscles and other intrinsic hand muscles

Sensory innervation: skin on medial hand (palm)

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11
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Posterior brachial plexus nerve branch
Posterior cord

Wraps around surgical neck of humerus

Motor innervation: deltoid muscle

Sensory innervation: skin over shoulder

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12
Q

Radial nerve

A

Posterior brachial plexus nerve branch
Posterior cord

Travels posterior in the radial groove in the arm, continues to the posterior forearm and hand.

Motor innervation: muscles in the posterior comp of arm and forearm

Sensory innervation: skin over posterior arm, forearm, and posterior/ dorsal hand.

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13
Q

Somatic sensory impairment

A

Pain
numbness/anesthesia
Tingling

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14
Q

Somatic motor impairment

A

Muscle weakness

Paralysis

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15
Q

What nerve does a surgical neck fracture damage?

A

A fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus can damage the axillary nerve

Somatic symptoms of impairment: weak abduction of arm, numbness over shoulder

Also can be caused by glenohumeral joint dislocation

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16
Q

What nerve is damaged with mid-shaft fracture of humerus?

A

The radial nerve

Somatic symptoms of impairment:
Weak wrist extension
Wrist drop
Numbness of posterior forearm and hand

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17
Q

What nerve is damaged during medial epicondyle fracture?

A

Ulnar nerve

Somatic symptoms of impairment
Weak grip
Numbness of medial digits

(Hitting your funny bone)

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18
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of median nerve

Inflammation of structures in carpal tunnel can lead to medial nerve compression

Somatic symptoms of impairment
Weak handgrip
Loss of thumb opposition
Loss of sensation in lateral digits

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19
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Lumbar plexus branch

Passes deep to inguinal ligament to the anterior thigh to the medial foot

Motor innervation: anterior thigh compartment

Sensory innervation: skin on the anterior thigh, medial surface of leg and foot

20
Q

What nerve is being tested in the patellar reflex test?

A

The femoral nerve

Tap to structure below patella and ends with knee extension

After that message travels to CNS to produce an efferent message

21
Q

How does the patellar reflex work?

A

Afferent (to CNS)
1. Femoral nerve activated by stretch of QF muscle
2. Ventral primary rami
3. Spinal nerve
4. Dorsal root ganglion (cell body of sensory neuron).
5. Dorsal root
6. Dorsal horn (CNS)
Efferent
7. Anterior horn (motor neuron cell body, CNS)
8. Ventral root
9. Spinal nerve
10. Ventral primary rami
11. Femoral nerve innervated quadriceps (QF contracts producing knee extension)

22
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Lumbar plexus branch

Travels through obturator foremen to the medial thigh

Motor innervation: medial thigh compartment muscles

Sensory innervation: skin of medial thigh

23
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Sacral plexus branch

Passes through greater sciatic notch emerges below piriformis

Descends posterior thigh comprised of 2 nerves:

  1. Tibial nerve (medial branch)
  2. Common fibular nerve (lateral branch)

These innervate posterior thigh and all leg and foot muscles.

24
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Sacral plexus branch

Travels from the post thigh to the medial leg near tibia to the plantar foot surface

Motor innervation: posterior thigh compartment, posterior leg compartment and most foot muscles

Sensory innervation: skin on plantar foot surface

25
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

Sacral plexus branch

Begins posterior

Travels around the head of the fibula from posterior to anterior

When anterior the common fibular nerve splits into:

  1. Superficial fibular nerve
  2. Deep fibular nerve
26
Q

Superficial fibular nerve

A

Travels in the lateral leg compartment near fibula to the for sun of the foot

Motor innervation: muscles in lateral leg compartment

Sensory innervation: skin on the dorsum of foot, except between 1st/2nd toe (1st interdigital cleft)

27
Q

Deep fibular nerve

A

Travels in the anterior leg to the dorsum of foot, between the first 2 toes

Motor innervation: muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

Sensory innervation: skin between hallux and second toe

28
Q

What is the most commonly damaged nerve in the lower limb?

A

The common fibular nerve because the nerve is superficial and wraps around fibular neck.

29
Q

What occurs if the deep fibular nerve is damaged?

A

Foot drop (cannot dorsiflex ankle).

Numbness between 1st two toes

30
Q

What occurs if the superficial nerve is damaged?

A

Inversion ankle sprains ( cannot evert foot)

Numbness over foot dorsum, except between 1st two toes

31
Q

What occurs if both the deep fibular and superficial nerve are damaged ?

A

Inversion ankle sprains (cannot evert).

Foot drop (cannot dorsiflex)

Numbness over foot dorsum and between all toes

32
Q

CN I

A

The olfactory nerve (sensory)
-sense of smell

-fibers pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to olfactory bulb

33
Q

CN II

A

The optic nerve (sensory)

  • sense of vision
  • passes through the optic canal of the sphenoid bone
  • test visual field of both CN II (cover one eye)
34
Q

CN III

A

The oculomotor nerve (motor)

  • somatic motor nerve fibers to five of the 7 skeletal muscles and parasympathetic visceral motor nerve fibers to the eyeball
  • four extrinsic eye muscles (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique)
  • one eyelid muscle (levator palpebrae superioris)
  • parasympathetic visceral motor fibers travel to the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris (responsible for pupil constricting) and to ciliary muscles which contract to make the lens of the eye more spherical for close vision

Passes through the superior orbital fissure in sphenoid bone to orbit

35
Q

CN IV

A

The trochlear nerve (motor)

-somatic motor nerve fibers to one of the extrinsic eye muscles (the superior oblique muscle)

Passes through superior orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone to enter the orbit

36
Q

CN V1

A

The trigeminal nerve (sensory)

  • The ophthalmic division
  • Sensory to skin of the upper eyelid, uppernose, forehead, and anterior scalp

Passes through superior orbital fissure

37
Q

CN VI

A

The abducens nerve (motor)

  • motor function to lateral rectus eye muscle (abducts your eye)
  • exits the cranial vault via the superior orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone to the eye orbit
38
Q

CN VII

A

The facial nerve (both)

  • motor to muscles of facial expression
  • sensory to external auditory meatus
  • Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • exits internal acoustic meatus
39
Q

CN VIII

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve (sensory)

  • hearing and balance
  • exits internal acoustic meatus
40
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (both)

  • Motor to stylopharyngeus muscle (swallowing)
  • Sensory to carotid sinus, tympanic membrane, pharynx, and posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • jugular foramen
41
Q

CN X

A

The Vagus nerve (both)

  • Sensory to part of the external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane and to skin behind the ear
  • Motor to the muscles of the pharynx and most of the muscles of the soft palate
  • Sensory and motor to larynx
  • exits the jugular foramen
  • test by having patient say ah, see if uvula deviates
42
Q

CN XI

A

The accessory nerve (spinal accessory) (motor)

  • Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
  • foramen magnum
  • shrug their shoulders, look for drooping shoulder
43
Q

CN XII

A

The hypoglossal nerve (motor)

  • Motor to most of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
  • hypoglossal canal
  • when damaged it causes deviation of the tongue
44
Q

CN V2

A

The maxillary division

-sensory to nasal mucosa, mucosa of the palate, gums, and cheeks, maxillary teeth, skin of the cheeks and upper lip, and meninges

Exits through foremen rotundum

45
Q

CN V3

A

The mandibular division

  • Sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue, mandibular teeth, skin of the chin and lower jaw, part of the ear auricle, and meninges
  • Motor to muscles of mastication (temporalis masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid) mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani
  • foramen ovale

ANTR 350 (2 decks)

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