Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEMS > Exam 3 Vitamins > Flashcards

Exam 3 Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

2 diet sources:
preformed (retinyl palmitate) - liver, dairy, eggs
precursor (ß-caretene) - leafy greens
Rentia differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vitamin A as treatment

A

Wrinkles/acne
Measles
AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness
Xerophtalmia
Immune ineffectiveness
Labs WNL due to liver stores, decrease with APR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin A toxicity

A

Preformed (retinyl palmitate) only
n/v, HA, increased ICP, bone pain/osteoporosis
Liver damage
Birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitamin D function

A 
Hormone with PM and nuclear receptors
Maintains Ca homeostasis
Innate immune function
Fish, egg, fortified milk and formula
Plant = D2, Animal = D3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vitamin D deficiency and values

A

Osteoporosis
Rickets
<20, 21-29, >30 ng/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitamin D metabolism

A

Two hydroxylation reactions:

  1. Liver -> 25-OH D3 = storage
  2. Kidney -> 1-25-OH2 D3 (calcitriol) = active
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vitamin D toxicity

A

Risk with chronic granulomatous disease (ex sarcoid)
Calcifications
Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vitamin E function

A

Antioxidant
Cell membrane stabilizer
Polyunsaturated vegetable oils, wheat germ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Hemolytic anemia
Loss of DTRs, loss of proprioception
Ataxia, neuropathy, opthalmoplegia
Often irreversible neurodegeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vitamin E toxicity

A

No evidence for megadoses

Risk of coagulopathy (Vit K inhibition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vitamin K function

A

Carboxylation of factors 2, 7, 9, 10
Leafy vegetables
All newborns receive IM injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Prolonged coagulation times

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who’s at risk? ADEK

A

A: Similar for all deficiency - low intake
D: Lack of sunlight, excess sunscreen
E: Fat malabsorption syndromes, short gut
K: Newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the B vitamins

A 
B1: Thaimine
B2: Riboflavin
B3: Niacin
B6: Pyridoxine
B9: Folate
B12: Cobalamin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B1 Deficency

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: AMS, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Dry beriberi: symmetrical muscle wasting, foot drop
Wet beriberi: edema and CHF

17
Q

B1 at risk populations

A

Alcoholics
Refeeding anorexia patients
Bariatric surgery

18
Q

B2 deficiency

A

Mouth findings:
Cheilosis (dry cracked lips)
Angular stomatitis

19
Q

B3 function

A

NAD derived from niacin
Derived from tryptophan
Synth requires B6 and B12

20
Q

B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra:

diarrhea, dermatitis (sun exposed), dementia, death

21
Q

B3 at risk populations

A

Where corn is major source of calories

Alcoholics, general malnutrition

22
Q

Energy releasing B vitamins

A

B1
B2
B3

23
Q

Hematopoietic B vitamins

A

B9

B12

24
Q

B9 functions

A

good 1 carbon group transfer
also does CH3, CH2 and others
Converted to THF via dihydrofolate reducatase

25
Q

B9 sources

A

“Foliage” green leafy veggies
Whole grains - easily destroyed with prolonged cooking
“Fortified” whole grains in 1999

26
Q

B9 deficiency

A 
Macrocytic anemia, hypersegemnted neutrophils
Increased homocysteine
Neural tube defects
MTHFR gene mutations can cause
Don't treat until rule out B12 def
27
Q

B9 at risk populations

A

Pregnant mothers
Infants to deficient mothers
Meds: dilantin, sulfasalazine

28
Q

B12 functions and sources

A

Reform THF (methionine synthesis)
Lipid (Co-A and Odd chain) and CHO metabolism
From animal products

29
Q

B12 at risk populations

A

Decreased intrinsic factor (autoimmune,pernicous anemia)
Gastric atrophy
Breastfed infants with vegan mother
Vegetarians, vegans

30
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Usually takes long time to present (large stores)
Macrocytic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils
Neurological disturbances, ataxia
Blood effects reversible, neuro effects irreversible

31
Q

B6 functions

A

PLP formation:

  1. Cysteine synthesis
  2. Transamination
32
Q

B6 deficiency

A

Anemia
Seizures
Glossitis
Associated with ESRD, Isoniazid use

33
Q

B6, B9, B12 fun facts

A

B6 - toxic, PLP
B9 - Material levels don’t reflect breast milk
B12 - large storage pool

DEMS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions