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PNS > Exam 3-Unit 5/6 > Flashcards

Exam 3-Unit 5/6 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the brachial plexus supply?

A

Upper extremities

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2
Q

What nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

anterior primary rami of C5 through T1

*May also receive some fibers from C4 and/or T2

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3
Q

The brachial plexus travels over ________, into the _______.

A

rib 1; axilla

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4
Q

T or F: The brachial plexus travels from lateral to medial.

A

False. Medial to lateral

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5
Q

Roots combine into ______.

A

trunks

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6
Q

Trunks _____ into divisions.

A

divide

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7
Q

divisions_______ to form ______.

A

combine; cords

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8
Q

Where does each root get its infromation?

A

It receives a gray ramus communicans from the sympathetic trunk

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9
Q

Roots pass between what muscles?

A

Anterior and middle scalene

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10
Q

What anatomical triangle do roots go through?

A

The posterior triangle

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11
Q

Where are roots in relation to the subclavian artery?

A

posterior and superior

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12
Q

Roots of C5 and C6 combine ti form what trunk?

A

Superior trunk

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13
Q

The root of C7 becomes what trunk?

A

Middle trunk

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14
Q

What roots form the inferior trunk?

A

Roots of C8 and T1

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15
Q

Where do trunks travel?

A

They pass over rib 1 into the axilla

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16
Q

Divisions supply what?

A

The compartments of the arm and forearm

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17
Q

Each trunk splits into what?

A

An anterior and posterior divisions

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18
Q

Anterior divisions supply what?

A

Anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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19
Q

Posterior divisions supply what?

A

Posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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20
Q

How are cords named?

A

For their relationship to the axillary artery

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21
Q

What forms the lateral cord?

A

anterior division of the superior and middle trunk

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22
Q

The lateral cord contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, and C7

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23
Q

Where does the lateral cord lie in relation to the axillary artery?

A

lateral to the 2nd part of axillary artery

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24
Q

The medial cord is formed by what division?

A

The anterior division of the interior trunk

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25
Q

The medial cord contains fibers from where?

A

C8 and T1

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26
Q

Where does the medial cord lie in relationship to the axillary artery?

A

medial to the 2nd part of the axillary artery

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27
Q

What divisions form the posterior cord?

A

The posterior division of all 3 trunks

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28
Q

The posterior cord contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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29
Q

What are the nerves formed by roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve

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30
Q

What root does the dorsal scapular nerve branch from?

A

C5 root

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31
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5 only

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32
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

Levator Scapula
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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33
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve supplies the levator scapula but this muscle also receives fibers from where?

A

C3 and C4

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34
Q

What roots form the long thoracic nerve?

A

C5, C6, and C7 roots

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35
Q

The long thoracic nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, and C7

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36
Q

What muscle does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

Serratus anterior

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37
Q

What nerves branch off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular nerve
Nerve to the subclavius

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38
Q

The suprascapular nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5 and C6

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39
Q

The suprascapular nerve supplies what two muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

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40
Q

The nerve to the subclavius contains fibers from where?

A

C5 and C6

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41
Q

The nerve to subclavius supplies what muscle?

A

Subclavius

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42
Q

What nerves branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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43
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, C7

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44
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve supples what muscle?

A

Pectoralis major

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45
Q

What other nerve supplies the pectoralis major?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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46
Q

The musculocutaneous contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, and C7

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47
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneou nerve supply?

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

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48
Q

What muscle belly does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?

A

coracobrachialis

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49
Q

What nerve travels between biceps brachii into the forearm to become the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?

A

The musculocutaneous nerve

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50
Q

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies what?

A

The skin over the lateral aspect of the forearm but NOT the hand.

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51
Q

What nerves branch off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the forearm
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve

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52
Q

The medial pectoral nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C8 and T1

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53
Q

What muscles does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis major
pectoralis minor

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54
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm contains fibers from where?

A

C8 and T1

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55
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve supplies what?

A

The skin of the medial arm between axilla and elbow

56
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve recieves some fibers from T2. How?

A

Through a communication with the intercostobrachial nerve

57
Q

The medial cutanoeous nerve of the forearm contains fibers from where?

A

C8 and T1

58
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm leave the medial cord?

A

Distal to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

59
Q

What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?

A

skin over biceps brachii
skin over anterior and medial aspects of forearm proximal to wrist

60
Q

The ulnar nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C8, T1 and sometime C7

61
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve travel?

A

medial to the brachial artery, in the medial bicipital sulcus

62
Q

T or F: The ulnar nerve gives off no branches in the arm?

A

True

63
Q

When is the ulnar nerve easily palpated?
Hint* Funny bone

A

When it crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve.

64
Q

The ulnar nerve continues into the forearm where?

A

Between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

65
Q

What 2 forearm muscles does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)

66
Q

What are the 2 sensory branches of the ulnar nerve in the forearm?

A

Dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve
palmar branch of the ulnar nerve

67
Q

The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what?

A

skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand

68
Q

The palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what?

A

The skin over the hypothenar eminence

69
Q

Where does the ulnar travel after giving off the dorsal branch and palmar branch?

A

It travels deep to flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist, passes superficial to the flexor carpi retinaculum and divides into 2 branches.

70
Q

What are the 2 nerves the ulnar nerve gives off at the wrist?

A

Superficial
Deep

71
Q

What branch of the ulnar nerve divides into 3 terminal branches?

A

Superficial

72
Q

What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Palmar aspect of the pinky and medial half of the ring finger.

73
Q

What does the ddep branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Hint* there is 7

A

Abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis
deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
All interossi (dorsal and palmar)
Lumbricals 3 and 4

74
Q

What is a clinical consideration of the ulnar nerve?

A

Claw hand

75
Q

The median nerve contains contributions from which 2 cords?

A

Lateral cord
Medial cord

76
Q

The median nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C6, C7, C8, and T1

77
Q

The median nerve travels through the arm in what?

A

The medial bicipital sulcus

78
Q

Does the median nerve give off any branches in the arm?

A

No

79
Q

How does the median nerve enter the forearm?

A

It crosses the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm passing between the 2 heads of the pronator teres

80
Q

Does the median nerve and the ulnar nerve cross the elbow the same way?

A

No. The Ulnar nerve passes posteriorly. The median nerve passes anteriorly.

81
Q

How many muscles does the median nerve innervate?

A

7

82
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus
lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus

83
Q

What branch of the median nerve innervates deep forearm muscles?
Pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus
lat bellies of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm

84
Q

Where is the palmar branch of the median nerve given off?

A

Distal 3rd of the forearm

85
Q

What does the palmar branch of the median nerve supply?

A

The skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist, and palm

86
Q

T or F: The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

True

87
Q

T or F: The ulnar nerve passes through the carpal tunnel

A

False

88
Q

What happens when the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

It divides inot 3 common palmar digital nerves

89
Q

What do the common palmar digital nerve supply?

A

1st 2 lumbrical muscles

90
Q

What supplies the thumb muscles? (Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)

A

branches off the 1st common palmar digital nerve

91
Q

Each of the common palmar digital nerves split into what?

A

2 proper palmar digital nerves

92
Q

T or F: The proper palmar digital nerves have sensory function only?

A

True

93
Q

What do the proper palmar digital nerves supply?

A

SKin over lateral 3.5 digits anteriorly and lateral 2.5 posteriorly

94
Q

Where does the median nerve cummincate with the ulnar nerve?

A

The wrist

95
Q

What else does the median nerve supply?

A

Periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal, and midcarpal joints

96
Q

What are the 3 clinical considerations of the median nerve?

A

Hand of Oath/Benediction
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Unable to Pronate

97
Q

What is Hand of Oath/Benediction?

A

damage to flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis

98
Q

What does Hand of Oath effect?

A

Extension of digits 1-3 and flexion of digits 4 and 5

99
Q

What symptoms are felt with carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Numbness and tingling
fingers 2-4= median nerve
all fingers= ulnar and median nerve

100
Q

Why would damage to the median nerve take away the ability to pronate?

A

Because the median nerve innervates pronator teres

101
Q

What nerves branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior Scapular nerve
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Inferior Subscapular nerve
Axillary nevre
radial nerve

102
Q

The superior scapular nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5 and C6

103
Q

The superior subscapular nerve supplies what muscle?

A

Subscapularis *rotator cuff muscle

104
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve contains fiber from where?

A

C6, C7, C8

105
Q

Where does the thoracodorsal nerve travel?

A

Alon the posterior axillary wall

106
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

latissimus dorsi

107
Q

The inferior subscapular nerve contains fiber from where?

A

C5 and C6

108
Q

What muscles does the inferior subscapular nerve supply?

A

Subscapularis *rotator cuff muscle
teres major *not a rotator cuff

109
Q

The axillary nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5 and C6

110
Q

Where does the axillary nerve travel?

A

Posteriorly around the surgical neck of the humerus

111
Q

What muscles do the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid
Teres minor *rotator cuff muscle

112
Q

What branch of the axillary nerve supplies the skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm?

A

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

113
Q

What is the largest branch from the posterior cord?

A

Radial nerve

114
Q

The radial nerve contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, and sometimes T1

115
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve supply?

A

All muscles in the posterior compartment of arm and forearm

116
Q

What branches of the radial nerve branches in the upper arm?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

117
Q

What supplies the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm

118
Q

What branch of the radial nerve branches in the middle arm?

A

Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

119
Q

The inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm supply what muscles?

A

triceps brachii (all 3 heads)
anconeus
Brachialis

120
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?

A

The skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm

121
Q

Branches of the radial nerve given off at the level of the lateral epicondyle supply what muscles?

A

Brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus

122
Q

Does the radial nerve pass down into the forearm anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly

123
Q

When the radial nerve enters the forearm and divides into 2 branches. What are they?

A

Superficial
Deep

124
Q

What muscle does the superficial branch follow to the distal 1/3 of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

125
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve gives rise to what?

A

Dorsal digital nerves

126
Q

Dorsal digital nerves are the sensory supply where?

A

-radial side of posterior hand
-extenxor side of thumb
-extensor side of the proximal
-phalanges of digits 2 and 3
-lateral half of the extensor side of ring finger

127
Q

The ddep branch of the radial nerve penetrates what muscle?

A

Supinator

128
Q

The deep branch of the radial branch gives off what?

A

Posterior interosseous nerves

129
Q

The posterior interosseous muscles supply what muscles?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
supinator
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis

130
Q

Where does the radial nerve send articular branches?

A

shoulder and wrist

131
Q

What are the 2 clinical considerations for radial nerve?

A

Wrist drop
Triceps and brachioradialis reflexes

132
Q

What is a supraclavicular clinical consideration of the brachial plexus?

A

Erb-Duchenne

133
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne?

A

A traction injury that pulls the shoulder down. Effects C5 and C^.

134
Q

What nerves are affected by Erb-Duchenne?

A

Suprascapular nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve

135
Q

What pathology results in a “waiter’s tip” posture?

A

Erb-Duchenne

136
Q

What is an infraclavicular clinical consideration of the brachial plexus?

A

Klumpke aka Dejurine

137
Q

What cord levels are affected by Klumpke?

A

C8 and T1

PNS (5 decks)

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