Exam 3: Tutoring Flashcards
A 28 yo female is concerned about developing tolerance to a protein Ag. Which of the following will most likely induce tolerance?
A. Intravenous injection
B. Intradermal injection
C. Subcutaneous injection with an adjuvant
D. None of the above
A. Intravenous injection
Which of the following is true regarding T- cell selection?
A. AIRE expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells is critical
B. Positively selected T cells will have no affinity for self-Ag
C. A subset of positively selected T cells will form Treg cells
D. A and B
E. A and C
E. A and C
Which of the following will most likely favor the formation of iTreg?
A. 28 yo female with a fever
B. 34 yo male with chronic inflammatory bowel disease
C. 45 yo male with an acute bacterial infection
D. 32 yo female with anaphylactic shock
B. 34 yo male with chronic inflammatory bowel disease
A 3 mo male presents with diarrhea, is failing to gain weight, and has dermatitis. He is diagnosed with IPEX syndrome. Which of the following most accurately describes the pathological process of this disease?
A. A drug-induced autoimmune disorder
B. Ag-Ab complexes deposit within the tissues causing inflammation
C. Mutant FOXP3 resulting in a deficiency in Treg cells
D. Failure of anergy in CD4+ cells resulting in abnormal T cell infiltration
C. Mutant FOXP3 resulting in a deficiency in Treg cells
Which of the following is true regarding autoimmune diseases?
A. Polymorphisms in the HLA complex can increase susceptibility
B. Defined by the activation of T and B cells during chronic inflammation
C. Physical separation like the BBB is a means of preventing autoimmunity
D. A and B
E. A and C
E. A and C
An 11 yo child falls and cuts his hand. The wound becomes infected. Bacteria extend into the extracellular matrix around capillaries. In the inflammation response to this infection, which of the following cells removes the bacteria?
A. B lymphocytes B. Fibroblast C. Macrophage D. Mast cell E. T lymphocyte
C. Macrophage
A patient comes in and test positive for rotavirus. Which of the following components is found on intestinal cells and recognizes double-stranded RNA of this virus to signal transcription factors that upregulate interferon production for viral elimination?
A. Caspase-1 B. Complement receptor C. Lectin D. T cell receptor E. Toll-like receptor
E. Toll-like receptor
A young patient comes in with a long history of infections. The mother says at birth he was diagnosed with a deficiency in an enzyme that inhibited reactive oxygen species from being produced in the phagolysosome. This patient is at risk for what type of infections?
A. Fungal B. Viral C. Aerobic bacteria D. Catalase+ bacteria E. Facultative intracellular bacteria
D. Catalase+ bacteria
Which of the following is a substance released by lymphocytes that help to stimulate monocytes?
A. Histamine B. IFN-γ C. Leukotriene B4 D. Nitric oxide E. TNF
B. IFN-γ
A patient with a recent history of E. coli infection now has a high fever, low blood pressure, and overall looks very sick. Which of the following is most important cause for this patient’s symptoms?
A. IL-1 B. TNFα C. IFN-γ D. IL-8 E. Histamine
B. TNFα
A patient presents to clinic with a low fever, crackles heard at the base of both lungs, and complains of a sore throat from coughing. You correctly diagnose him with a viral pneumonia. Which of the following components of the immune system are most important for clearing this infection?
A. Classical complement B. B cells C. T cells D. Neutrophils E. Fibroblasts
C. T cells
A 28 yo male with cystic fibrosis is given a lung transplant from an unrelated donor with identical HLA. A year later he experiences shortness of breath with no sign of infection and no abnormalities in the heart. What is the best treatment for this patient?
A. Treat with antibiotics
B. Treat with immunosuppressants
C. Reperfuse the lungs
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Which of the following is most likely to result in graft rejection?
A. Minimal radioactivity during MLR reaction
B. Maximal number of same HLA-A Ag possible between donor and recipient
C. Bone marrow transplant
D. Corneal transplant
C. Bone marrow transplant
A 24 yo male presents with decreased urine output for 3 days. His right kidney is inflamed and enlarged. Observations reveal he has undergone acute kidney injury. Which of the following cell types is most likely to be observed in a biopsy?
A. M2φ and Th1 cells
B. M2φ and Treg cells
C. M1φ and neutrophils
D. M1φ and Treg cells
C. M1φ and neutrophils
A 72 yo female with renal failure and a history of HTN, T1D. To test for graft compatibility what needs to be evaluated in the recipient?
A. HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
B. HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR
C. ABO blood group
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
