exam 3 - treatments for alcoholism Flashcards
people with low level of response (LR) have increased tendency to become ____
alcoholics
people with high LR have _____ incidence of alcoholism
decreased
high LR is _____ (good/bad)
good
Asians with genetic variations in alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase have an almost ___ percent rate of alcoholism
zero
children of alcoholics have __ tolerance to the drug, which is not explained by ______ tolerance
increased, metabolic
heredity is a _____ predisposition to alcoholism
physical
genetic predispositions include exaggerated feelings of ____ after consuming alcohol, ____ level of impulsivity, and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders
reward, higher
genetic polymorphisms include
–> muscarinic ____ receptors, and dopamine receptors types ___ and ___, isoforms of ADH and ALDH, genes associated with ____ LR such as _____ transporter and GABA a receptor
acetylcholine, 2 and 4, lower, serotonin
genes associated with ____ LR include the serotonin transporter and the GABA a receptor and are prevalent in people with addictive genes
lower
serotonin receptor - one isoform –> more rapid reuptake –> decreases syanptic serotonin and _____ effects of alcohol in NAc
decreases
GABAa receptor –> mutations in receptor expressed in the ______ (cerebellum/NAc) decreases alcohol effects
this is an example of innate tolerance
cerebellum
FDA-approved pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence include disulfiram (1951), naltrexone (1994), and acamprosate (2004), followed by the 2006 drug ________ for extended-release (injectable)
naltrexone
disulfiram (1951) is an aversion-based pharmacotherapy that purposefully makes you sick!!! It inhibits ________ dehydrogenase and allows the accumulation of acetaldehyde
aldehyde
issues with disulfiram included people purposefully not taking it so they wouldn’t get sick and continuing to drink anyway, and also the drug was not effective at _____ concentrations
higher
