exam 3 - nicotine

Question 1

nicotine effects include ______/reward, behavioral (stimulant, relaxant), cognitive (enhancing attention), and autonomics (physiological effects)

Answer 1

reinforcement

Question 2

absorption of nicotine depends on ____

Answer 2

pH

Question 3

nicotine in acidic situations is ionized and _____ absorbed across membranes

Answer 3

poorly

Question 4

nicotine in alkaline situations is nonionized and ____ absorbed across membranes.

Answer 4

well

Question 5

at physiologic pH (7.3-7.5), 31% of the nicotine is unionized (readily absorbed)

Answer 5

(memorize)

Question 6

excretion of nicotine is through the _____ or through breast milk and the amount excreted increases with higher ___ value

Answer 6

kidneys, pH

Question 7

nicotine half life is less than ____ half life

Answer 7

cotinine

Question 8

nicotine binds to receptors in the brain and other parts of the body including _____, sensory ____, and NMJ

Answer 8

organs, receptors

Question 9

nicotine has MOSTLY ____ (stimulant/depressive) effects

Answer 9

stimulant

Question 10

nicotine acts on ______ ______ ______ (what kind of receptors?)

Answer 10

nicotinic cholinergic receptors

Question 11

in nicotinic cholinergic receptors, what goes in through the extracellular side? (3 things)

Answer 11

sodium, calcium, potassium

Question 12

as shown by rat experiments, the nicotine effect is dependent on ___ of animal/person

Answer 12

state

Question 13

a ________ was used to show that nicotine is reinforcing (what kind of ratio reinforcement schedule)

what was the cue light paired with? ___ injection

Answer 13

fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule

nicotine