Exam 3 Theories of Development

Question 1

Critical period of development

Answer 1

Responsive to influence
Vulnerable to injury
Rapid growth

Question 2

Sensitive period of development

Answer 2

Amendable to new abilities
Sensitive to stimuli
Language, smell, early parent relationship

Question 3

Freud stages

Answer 3

Oral (6-12mo)
Anal (12-36mo)
Phaliac (3-6yr)
Latency (6-12yr)
Genital (adolescence)

Question 4

Freud defense mechanisims (this may actually be useful for something)

Answer 4

Repression: hiding away
Displacement:
Sublimation: channeling energy in constructive way
Denial:
Rationalization: justifying actions with acceptable motive
Reaction formation: displaying trait opposite of repressed
Projection:
Regression:

Question 5

Piaget stages

Answer 5

Sensorimotor: senses
Pre-operational: magical explanations
Concrete operations: conservation/explanation
Formal operations: abstract reasoning

Question 6

Bowlby theory and stages

Answer 6

Attachment theories
Secure base: safe environment for exploration
Strange situation to test attachment

Stages:
Limited preference (up to 7 months)
Preferred attachments
Secure base for exploring (around 1 year)

Question 7

Infant attachment styles

Answer 7

Secure: seeks proximity and preference
Avoidant: avoids
Resistant: seeks, then rejects - anger at caregiver
Disorganized: strange, no coherence

Question 8

Adult attachment styles

Answer 8

Autonomous: specific examples of childhood (+ or -)
Dismissing: no examples, positive
Preoccupied: no examples, negative
Disorganized: incoherent

Question 9

Parenting styles

Answer 9

Varying levels of warmth and demanding
Authoritarian (low warmth, high demand)
Authoritative (high, high)
Permissive (high warmth, low demand)
Rejecting (low, low)

Question 10

Erik Erickson

Answer 10

Actually got to adulthood

Talks about identity

Question 11

Kohlberg

Answer 11

Heinz dilemma
Stealing expensive drug
Only with boys and men

Question 12

Bronfrenbrenner

Answer 12

Human ecology model
No such thing as individual
Big picture stuff

Question 13

ACES study

Answer 13

> 4 risk factors confer large chance of disease

Stress spectrum and tolerable/toxic stress

Question 14

Do relationships promote neurodevelopment?

Answer 14

Yes, yes they do

Question 15

Newborn assessment

Answer 15

APGAR
Growth
Communication (crying)
Most reliant on relationships

Question 16

Infant motor milestones

Answer 16

Primary reflexes
Habituation after repeat exposure
Reaching (3) rolling (4) sitting up (6)

Question 17

Infant cognitive milestones

Answer 17

Visual/auditory tracking

Imitation

Question 18

Infant social milestones

Answer 18

Social smiling
Babbling/cooing to purposeful vocal
Stranger anxiety

Question 19

Older infant (6-12 months) motor milestones

Answer 19

Shaking (6)
Crawling (8)
Pulling up (10)
Standing (11)
Walking (12)

Question 20

Older infant (6-12 months) sensory milestones

Answer 20

Games
Cause and effect
Object permanance
Early language skills

Question 21

12-36 months motor milestones

Answer 21

Walking by 12
Climb stairs by 18
Cultured (fine motor skills increased)

Question 22

12-36 months social milestones

Answer 22

Parallel play
“No” emerges
Single words around 12-18
Tantrums, separation anxiety peaks, increasing independence

Question 23

3-6 years motor milestones

Answer 23

Drive: tricycle
Drawings
Dexterity (hop on one foot, zippers/buttons)

Question 24

3-6 years cognitive milestones

Answer 24

1,000 - 8,000 words
Stories
School readiness skills: number/letter recognition

Question 25

3-6 years social milestones

Answer 25

Freedom (separation from mom)
Friends (coop play, imaginary friends)
Fears
Solidification of gender identity

Question 26

6-12 years milestones

Answer 26

Complex gross/fine motor
Concrete operations
Peer relationships/complex social

Question 27

Adolescence

Answer 27

Peer relationships become much more central
Parental relationships decline
Abstract thinking
Risky behavior