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Spinal Anatomy > Exam 3- The Head > Flashcards

Exam 3- The Head Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

A

chondrocranium

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2
Q

What bones are formed from the chondrocranium?

A

the inferior nasal concha, ethmoid and the remainder of the mandible, sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

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3
Q

Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

the mandible, sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

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4
Q

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

the clavicle

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5
Q

What is the cranium?

A

the skull minus the mandbile

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6
Q

What is the calvaria?

A

the skullcap

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7
Q

What bones form the neurocranium?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid

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8
Q

What bones form the facial skeleton?

A

mandible, vomer, nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine and zygomatic

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9
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis and syndesmosis

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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12
Q

What is the classification of a joint with a “nail-like” condition?

A

gomphosis

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13
Q

What is the classification of a joint with a “fissure-like” condition?

A

schyndylesis

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14
Q

What are the examples of the schindylesis type of suture?

A

sphenoid - ethmoid - vomer articulation, the palatine - maxilla - vomer articulation

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15
Q

What are the examples of the gomphosis joint?

A

maxilla - root of tooth; mandible - root of tooth

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16
Q

What ligament will be associated with the gomphosis?

A

periodontal ligament

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17
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

the anterior fontanelle

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18
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

the posterior fontanelle

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19
Q

What is the glabella?

A

the elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orbits

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20
Q

What is the name given to the indention of bone between the nasal and frontal bones?

A

nasion

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21
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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22
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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23
Q

What depression of the maxilla occurs lateral to the canine eminence?

A

the canine fossa

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24
Q

What depression of the maxilla occurs medial to the canine eminence?

A

the incisive fossa

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25
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

a large mental protuberance

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26
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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27
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

the inion

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28
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

parietal, temporal, sphenoid and frontal bones

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29
Q

What bones form the asterion?

A

parietal, temporal and occipital bones

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30
Q

The styloid process is feature of which bone?

A

the temporal bone

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31
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

the nasion, vertex, inion and gnathion

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32
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

the nasion, vertex and inion

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33
Q

What is the appearance of the suture intersections over the hard palate called?

A

the cruciate or cruciform suture

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34
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

a line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid, anterior clinoid processes and sphenoidal jugum

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35
Q

What ostia are observed in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

cribrifrom plate, anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina and foramen cecum

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36
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

fila olfactoria of cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve

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37
Q

An emissary vein leave the anterior cranial fossa via what opening?

A

foramen cecum

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38
Q

What are the boundaries for the middle cranial fossa?

A

anterior: lesser wings, anterior clinoid processes, sphenoidal jugum of sphenoid bone
posterior: superior border of petrous part of temporal bone, posterior clinoid processes and dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone

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39
Q

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the middle cranial fossa?

A

sella turcica

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40
Q

What forms the roof of the sella turcica?

A

diaphragma sella

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41
Q

What neural structure occupies the sella turcica?

A

hypophysis cerebri or pituitary gland

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42
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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43
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

the ophthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve and abducent nerve

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44
Q

Which single opening will allow the exit of teh greatest number of cranial nerves?

A

the superior orbital fissure

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45
Q

What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?

A

unlike other artery-vein combinations they will not share the same opening the ophthalmic artery is in the optic canal, ophthalmic veins are in the superior orbital fissure

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46
Q

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve exits the middle cranial fossa via which opening?

A

the foramen rotundum

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47
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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48
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

the nervous spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and the middle meningeal artery

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49
Q

What opening allows a branch of cranial nerve Vc to enter the middle cranial fossa from the infratemporal region?

A

the foramen ovale

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50
Q

Which vessel is located within the foramen spinosum?

A

the middle meningeal artery

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51
Q

What will the foramen lacerum communicate with in the living person?

A

it crosses between parts of the middle cranial fossa; it is not a major exit from the skull as would be suggested by the dry skull

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52
Q

What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?

A

the internal carotid artery, the carotid sympathetic nerve plexus and a venous plexus

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53
Q

What are the contents of the carotid canal?

A

the internal carotid artery and the carotid sympathetic nerve plexus

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54
Q

What are the contents of the vidian canal/pterygoid canal?

A

the vidian nerve or the nerve of the pterygoid canal

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55
Q

What are the contents of the hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve?

A

the lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the tympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve

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56
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the tentorium cerebelli

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57
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

none; the tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

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58
Q

What part of the central nervous system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata

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59
Q

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the clivus or basilar part of the occipital bone

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60
Q

Which cranial nerves exit posterior cranial fossa ostia?

A

cranial nerve VII (facial), VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory), XII (hypoglossal)

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61
Q

Meningeal nerves in the foramen magnum are derived from which cord levels?

A

C1-C3 cord levels

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62
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

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63
Q

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

the jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sinus, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) and XI (spinal accessory)

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64
Q

What is the jugular bulb?

A

the venous expansion between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the internal jugular vein

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65
Q

What is the jugular body/jugular glomus?

A

a chemoreceptive organ located in the wall of the jugular bulb

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66
Q

What is the function of the jugular body/jugular glomus?

A

a chemoreceptive organ that monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia and increases in the hydrogen ion

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67
Q

What is the function of the tympanic body/tympanic glomus?

A

a chemoreceptive organ that monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia and increases in the hydrogen ion

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68
Q

What cranial nerve(s) are located within the hypoglossal canal?

A

cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

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69
Q

What are the contents of the condylar canal?

A

an emissary vein connecting the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the vertebral venous plexus

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70
Q

What can the fiver layers of the scalp spell?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Connective Tissue, Periosteum… SCALP

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71
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

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72
Q

What veins drain the scalp?

A

superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital and ophthalmic veins

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73
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all 3 divisions: ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve and mandibular nerve

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74
Q

What part of the scalp is innervated by the ophthalmic division/branch of the trigeminal?

A

scalp above the orbit

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75
Q

What part of the scalp is innervated by the maxillary division/branch of the trigeminal?

A

scalp above the zygomatic arch

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76
Q

What part of the scalp is innervated by the mandibular division/branch of the trigeminal?

A

scalp above and behind the ear

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77
Q

Which ventral rami nerve(s) and cord levels of origin supply the scalp?

A

greater auricular nerve - C2, C3 ventral rami branches; lesser occipital nerve - C2 (C3) ventral rami branches

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78
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

greater occipital nerve - C2, C3 communicating ramus

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79
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

muscular component of the scalp

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80
Q

The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?

A

galea aponeurotica

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81
Q

What specific nerves provide motor control to the scalp muscle?

A

facial nerve: posterior auricular and temporal branches

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82
Q

What is unusual/unique about the muscles of the face?

A

they do not act as lever muscles; they do not attach to bone at both origin and insertion

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83
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

orbicularis oris, procerus and risorius

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84
Q

What is the embryonic origin of skeletal muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

A

the skeletal muscle is derived from the branchial arches hence branchial efferent

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85
Q

Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

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86
Q

What is the source of innervation for all muscles of facial expression?

A

facial nerve branches

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87
Q

Branchial efferent fibers carried in the seventh cranial nerve will innervate what muscles?

A

muscles of facial expression, muscles of the scalp and the auricle, the buccinator, platysma, stapedius, stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digasric

88
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve contain somatic afferent (SA) pathways?

A

all three

89
Q

What landmark forms the apex of the orbit?

A

convergence of the superior and inferior orbital fissure

90
Q

Identify the opening(s) found along each wall of the orbit.

A

superior wall: optic canal
medial wall: anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina
lateral wall: superior orbital fissure
inferior wall: inferior orbital fissure

91
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid?

A

skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus and palpebral conjunctiva

92
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

tarsal or Meibomian gland

93
Q

What is the function of the Meibomian gland?

A

Produce a thick, hydrophobic substance that prevents tears from overflowing onto the cheeks along the margin of the eyelid

94
Q

What is the name of the gland located at the base of the eyelash?

A

ciliary gland

95
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous glands of the palpebra?

A

tarsal gland or Meibomian gland and ciliary gland

96
Q

What is the name of the mucous membrane attaching to the eyeball?

A

bulbar conjunctiva

97
Q

What is the name given to the blind sac formed between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva?

A

the superior or inferior fornix

98
Q

Visceral Efferent (VE) pathways innervate what structures?

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular tissues

99
Q

What specific pathway are identified with Visceral Efferent (VE) innervation?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways

100
Q

How many neurons are involved in the Visceral Efferent pathways (VE) from CNS to target cell?

A

two motor neurons

101
Q

What is the location for the second neuron in the Visceral Efferent (VE) pathway?

A

typically, a ganglion

102
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and ophthalmic divisions/branches)

103
Q

What are the names of the ganglion of synapse in the efferent pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

pterygopalatine ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion, Meckel’s ganglion

104
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasodilatation (vasodilation) of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

105
Q

Sympathetic fibers synapse in which ganglion in the pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

the superior cervical ganglion

106
Q

Sympathetic fibers synapse in which ganglion in the pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

the superior cervical ganglion

107
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

108
Q

What cells of the lacrimal gland will cause the product to be released from the secretory unit?

A

myoepithelial cells

109
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of targets in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasodilatation (vasodilation) of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen; constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into the duct system

110
Q

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

A

fibrous tunic, uveal tract and retina

111
Q

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball?

A

cornea and sclera

112
Q

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

113
Q

What muscles are present in the iris?

A

sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

114
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

A

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

115
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

A

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

116
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

provide vision in dim light conditions

117
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

118
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

axons of ganglion cells

119
Q

What occurs at the optic chiasma?

A

part of the optic nerve decussates

120
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

internal carotid artery plexus, sympathetic pathway

121
Q

What are the chambers of the eyeball in front of the lens?

A

anterior chamber and posterior chamber

122
Q

What separates the anterior chamber and posterior chamber in the eyeball?

A

iris

123
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

124
Q

What is the primary cause of glaucoma?

A

excess aqueous humor in the chambers in front of the lens

125
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

vitreous chamber

126
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

vitreous body

127
Q

What are the functions of the vitreous body?

A

maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina

128
Q

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?

A

they all originate from a common annular tendon in the orbit

they all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

129
Q

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

A

both insert onto sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

130
Q

Somatic efferent fibers from the left nucleus of the fourth cranial nerve will have an apparent origin from which side?

A

right side

131
Q

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

it is the only cranial nerve with an apparent origin form the brains’ dorsal surface; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

132
Q

The right fourth cranial nerve will innervate which side target muscle?

A

the right side muscle

133
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by which Visceral Efferent (VE) pathways?

A

ciliaris and sphincter pupillae are innervated by parasympathetics; dilator pupillae is innervated by sympathetics

134
Q

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

A

ciliary ganglion

135
Q

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the dilator pupillae?

A

lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

136
Q

Sympathetic fibers synapse in which ganglion in the pathway to the dilator pupillae?

A

the superior cervical ganglion

137
Q

From the superior cervical ganglion, how do sympathetic fibers reach the dilator pupillae?

A

they join the internal carotid artery neurovascular plexus and continue along the ophthalmic artery to the central artery of the retina and enter the eyeball

138
Q

What provides the major distribution vehicle for sympathetics to the head?

A

arteries

139
Q

What is the cymba concha of the external ear?

A

the part of the concha between the helix and the inferior crus of the antihelix

140
Q

What is the name given to the “goat’s bear” of the auricle?

A

tragus

141
Q

What is the name given to the palpable posterior projection corresponding to the triangular fossa of the auricle?

A

eminentia triangularis

142
Q

What is the name given to the palpable posterior projection of the eminentia concha of the auricle?

A

ponticulus

143
Q

Identify the extrinsic muscles of the auricle

A

the anterior auricular, superior auricular, posterior auricular and temporoparietalis

144
Q

What is the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the auricle?

A

posterior auricular and temporal branches of the facial nerve

145
Q

Which branches of the external carotid artery supply the auricle?

A

occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal arteries… OPS

146
Q

Sensory innervation of the auricle is derive from which nerves?

A

greater auricular (ventral rami C2, C3)
lesser occipital nerve (ventral rami C2, possibly C3)
auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular division, trigeminal)
posterior auricular cutaneous nerve (facial)
auricular nerve (vagus)

147
Q

The external acoustic meatus lies between what boundaries?

A

concha of the auricle and the tympanic membrane of the middle ear

148
Q

What part of the external acoustic meatus is protected by cartilage?

A

lateral one third

149
Q

The medial part of the external acoustic meatus is protected by ____?

A

the temporal bone

150
Q

What part of the external acoustic meatus is protected by bone?

A

the medial two thirds

151
Q

Skin lining the external acoustic meatus contains what modified sebaceous glands?

A

ceruminous glands

152
Q

What is cerumen?

A

the product of ceruminous glands forming the bulk of ear wax

153
Q

Vascularization of the external acoustic meatus is derived from which branch(es) of the external carotid artery?

A

posterior auricular artery, internal maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery…. PIS

154
Q

What muscle will the parotid gland duct/ Stensen’s duct penetrate?

A

the buccinator

155
Q

What vein is formed within the parotid gland?

A

the retromandibular division

156
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve plexus?

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical branches

157
Q

What branch of the facial nerve penetrates the parotid gland, but is not given off within it?

A

the chorda tympani nerve

158
Q

What branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve are given off within the parotid gland?

A

the auriculotemporal and lingual nerves

159
Q

What cranial nerves will be utilized in parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

the glossopharyngeal and trigeminal nerves

160
Q

Parasympathetic efferent fibers from the ninth cranial nerve will synapse in which ganglion?

A

otic ganglion or Arnold’s ganglion

161
Q

The parasympathetic pathway from the ninth cranial nerve will innervate what target?

A

parotid galnd

162
Q

Which branches/divisions of the trigeminal nerve will carry parasympathetic efferent fibers?

A

all three - the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches/divisions

163
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

164
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

lamina papyracea

165
Q

What opening(s) are located along the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

superior orbital fissure

166
Q

What opening accommodates the passage of the ophthalmic nerve and ophthalmic veins between teh orbit and cranial vault?

A

superior orbital fissure

167
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

168
Q

What is the superior boundary for the temporal region?

A

temporal lines of the parietal and frontal bones

169
Q

What forms the floor of the temporal region?

A

pterion (sphenoid, parietal, temporal and frontal bones)

170
Q

What is the major feature of the temporal region?

A

temporalis muscle

171
Q

The temporalis muscle is innervated by which specific branch(es) of the trigeminal nerve?

A

anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves (mandibular division)

172
Q

Sensory information from the temporalis muscle is carried in the trigeminal nerve to neurons in what nucleus (of termination)?

A

the mesencephalic nucleus

173
Q

What forms the superior boundary of the infratemporal region?

A

greater wing of the sphenoid bone

174
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the infratemporal region?

A

infratemporal surface of maxilla

175
Q

What forms the medial boundary of the infratemporal region?

A

lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

176
Q

What forms the lateral boundary of the infratemporal region?

A

ramus of the mandible

177
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal region?

A

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, internal maxillary artery and branches, pterygoid venous plexus, internal maxillary vein, branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves and the otic ganglion

178
Q

Identify the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

179
Q

The masseter muscle is innervated by which branch(es) of the trigeminal nerve?

A

masseteric nerve, mandibular division

180
Q

The lateral pterygoid muscle is innervated by which branch(es) of the trigeminal nerve?

A

lateral pterygoid nerve, mandibular division

181
Q

The medial pterygoid muscle is innervated by which branch(es) of the trigeminal nerve?

A

medial pterygoid nerve, mandibular division

182
Q

Which type of sensory pathway will convey information from the masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles?

A

somatic afferent (SA) pathways

183
Q

Sensory information from the masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles is carried in the trigeminal nerve to neurons in what nucleus (of termination)?

A

the mesencephalic nucleus

184
Q

Which parasympathetic ganglion is located in the infratemporal region?

A

the otic ganglion

185
Q

The otic ganglion is part of the neural pathway to what target organ?

A

the parotid gland

186
Q

Which cranial nerve contains the nucleus of origin for the parasympathetic pathway to the parotid gland?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

187
Q

What are the attachments sites of the stylomandibular ligament?

A

styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle of the mandible

188
Q

What are the attachments sites if the sphenomandibular ligament?

A

the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of the mandible

189
Q

What does the sphenomandibular ligament represent?

A

a remnant of Meckel’s cartilage of the first branchial arch

190
Q

What muscles act to depress the mandible or open the mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid along with the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

191
Q

What muscles act to retract the mandible or pull the chin back?

A

temporalis

192
Q

What openings are associated with the pterygopalatine region?

A

inferior orbital fissure, pterygomaxillary fissure, sphenopalatine foramen and foramen rotundum

193
Q

Which ganglion is located within the pterygopalatine region?

A

the pterygopalatine or Meckel’s ganglion

194
Q

What neural pathway is the pterygopalatine ganglion associated with?

A

parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland

195
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

the facial and trigeminal cranial nerves

196
Q

What divisions of the trigeminal nerve will be associated with the parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve

197
Q

What bones form the nasal skeleton?

A

the nasal bones, the maxillae or maxillary bones and the frontal bone

198
Q

What type of tissue forms the major portion of the nose?

A

cartilage

199
Q

What are the names of the larger pieces of cartilage forming the nose?

A

septal cartilage, lateral nasal cartilage and major alar cartilage

200
Q

Which of the nasal cartilages cartilages will attach to the ethmoid, vomer and nasal bones?

A

the septal cartilage

201
Q

What are the bony attachments for the lateral nasal cartilage?

A

the nasal bones and the frontal process of the maxilla

202
Q

Which of the nasal cartilages will attach to the nasal and maxillary bones?

A

the lateral nasal cartilage

203
Q

Which of the larger nasal cartilages lacks any attachment to bone?

A

the major alar cartilage

204
Q

Which branch(es) of the external carotid artery will vascularize the external nose?

A

the facial and internal maxillary arteries

205
Q

Which branch(es) of the internal carotid artery will vascularize the external nose?

A

the ophthalmic artery

206
Q

Which artery (ies) will supply the sides of the nose?

A

facial and internal maxillary artery branches

207
Q

Veins of the external nose typically drain into what vessels?

A

the pterygoid venous plexus

208
Q

Which type of sensory pathway will convey information from teh cutaneous regions of the external nose?

A

somatic afferent (SA) pathways

209
Q

What do somatic afferent (SA) pathways monitor?

A

pain, temperature, light touch and proprioception

210
Q

What nerves provide cutaneous sensation for the skin of external nose?

A

the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve

211
Q

Sensory receptors contained within the skin of the nose are associated with somatic afferent (SA) fibers originating from neurons in what ganglion?

A

the semilunar/trigeminal ganglion

212
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

the space between the teeth and the external fleshy tissue of the face

213
Q

What is the labial vestibule?

A

the space between the lips and the teeth

214
Q

What is the buccal vestibule?

A

the space between the cheeks and the teeth

215
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

the space within the region formed by the occluded teeth

Spinal Anatomy (8 decks)

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