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Epidemiology & Biostatistics > Exam 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

0
Q

What is a subset of a population that is used to make inferences about the target population?

A

Sample

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1
Q

What represents an assemblage of all possible observations?

A

Population

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2
Q

What are characteristics of a population; measures of central tendency and variation?

A

Parameters

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3
Q

What are individual members of a population?

A

Elements

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4
Q

What is a subset of a population that are usually chosen in an unbiased manner (randomly) so that you can make inferences about the target population?

A

Sample

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of samples that serve as estimates of parameters?

A

Statistics

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6
Q

Mean, median, variance and standard deviation are referred to as what?

A

Parameters

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7
Q

What are used from a sample to estimate the parameters of a target population?

A

Statistics

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8
Q 
Population = what?
Sample = what?
A

Parameter

Statistics

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9
Q

All elements of the universe are selected for the sample the probability of being selected is 100%, this describes what?

A

Census

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10
Q

Every element in the universe has an equal probability of being selected for the sample, the probability that a specific element will be selected is independent of the selection of other elements, describes what?

A

Simple random Sample

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11
Q

The target population is first divided into relatively internally homogenous groups or strata, random samples are then drawn from each strata, guarantees representation from each group or strata describes what?

A

Stratified random sample

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12
Q

The investigator randomly selects a group or cluster, random samples are then drawn from each selected group or cluster describes what?

A

Cluster Sample

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13
Q

Elements are selected from the population in a systematic way, ex: every fifty element is selected, usually provides the equivalent of a simple random sample without using randomization

A

Systematic sample

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14
Q

What occurs when some members of the target population are less likely than others to be included in a sample resulting by definition in a non random sample or systematic deviation between characteristics of members of the sample and the population from which it was drawn?

A

Sample bias

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15
Q

The random sampling distribution of means will always tend to be normal, irrespective of the shape of the population distribution from which the samples were drawn, the mean of the random sampling distribution is equal to the mean of the original population from which the samples were drawn describes what?

A

Central Limit Theorem

16
Q

Sum of values for all observations in the sample divided by the total number of observations describes what?

A

Mean

17
Q

The value that falls in the middle of all observed values, 50th percentile, first order all values from least to greatest and then take middle value describes what?

A

Median

18
Q

The most common value, sometimes there can be more than one, the value with the most observations describes what?

A

Mode

19
Q

The proportion of the truly diseased individuals who tested positive for the disease according to the screening test is know as what?

A

Sensitivity

20
Q

The proportion of truly non diseased individuals who tested negative for the disease of interest is known as what?

A

Specificity

21
Q

The proportion of patients with positive tests that truly have the disease of interest describes what?

A

Predictive value of a positive test

22
Q

The proportion of patients with a negative test that truly don’t have the disease of interest describes what?

A

Predictive value of a negative test

23
Q

What is characterized by the amount of disease in the whole population and influences both the PV+ and the PV- tests?

A

Prevalence

24
Q

Apply a relatively simple, inexpensive test to a large number of asymptomatic ppl in order to determine if they are likely or unlikely to have the disease that is the target of the screening program and has the desired outcome of reduced morbidity and mortality from the targeted disease among the persons screened describes what?

A

Screening

Epidemiology & Biostatistics (3 decks)

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