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Bio Exam 3 > Exam 3 Study guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following lists the two independent components of cell division?

A. Mitosis & Meiosis
B. Meiosis & Prophase
C. Prophase & Metaphase
D. Mitosis and Cytokinesis

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key roles cell division plays in biology?

A. Tissue renewal and repair
B. Reproduction
C. Growth & Development
D. Mitosis & Meiosis

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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3
Q

What are two macromolecules that comprise chromatin?

A

DNA and Protein

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4
Q

Which component of chromatin is responsible for DNA condensation?

A

Histone proteins

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5
Q

How many maternal and how many paternal chromosomes are found in each human somatic cell containing chromosomes?

A

23 maternal and 23 paternal

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6
Q

What is a human somatic cell and how many sets of chromosomes does it possess?

A

A somatic cell is a non-reproductive cell that makes up most of the body and possesses 2 sets of 23 chromosomes.

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7
Q

When an organism is said to be homozygous for a particular trait, what can be said for certain about it’s genotype?

A

It has either two dominant or two recessive alleles.

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8
Q

How many chromosomes does a typical prokaryote possess?

A

A single circular chromosome composed of DNA.

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9
Q

Why do metaphase chromosomes look like the letter X?

A

Because cohesins holding sister chromatids together are located only at the centromeres at metaphase where chromosomes are collected for study.

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10
Q

what is the name of the enzyme that cleaves the macromolecule holding together sister chromatids at the end of metaphase?

A

Separase

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11
Q

When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into two phases. The names of these two phases are?

A

Interphase and Mitotic phase

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12
Q

When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into 4 phases. Which of the following is not one of those 4 phases?

A. G1 Phase
B. M Phase
C. G2 Phase
D. Anaphase
E. S Phase

A

Anaphase

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13
Q

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

That is when DNA is replicated

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14
Q

What are the two processes that occur during M phase?

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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15
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei

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16
Q

In which mitotic phase is the nuclear envelope still present?

A

Prophase

17
Q

In which mitotic phase is the nuclear envelope beginning to reform?

A

Telophase

18
Q

What is a kinetochore microtube?

A

A microtube that kinetochores attach to in order to move chromosomes to the metaphase plate during prometaphase and to opposite poles of the cell in anaphase.

19
Q

During anaphase, what is the direction a kinetochore will take along the mitotic spindle?

A

Toward the centrosome

20
Q

What are the proteins that are responsible for pinching off the two daughter cells during cytokinesis?

A

Actin and Myosin

21
Q

Which of the following are three kinds of mitotic spindle microtubes?

A

Aster, Kinetochore and non-kinetochore

22
Q

Where in the chromosome are the kinetochores attached?

A

At the centromere

23
Q

A picture containing all the chromosomes of an individual, organized by homologous pair is called a

A

Karyotype

24
Q

A pair of non-sister chromatids in Prophase 1 is called

A

Synapsis

25
Q

How many kinetochores are attached to each set of 4 chromosomes during meiosis 1?

A

One for each pair of homologous chromosomes

26
Q

What is the longest phase of meiosis and what process is taking place at that time ?

A

Prophase 1, when DNA repair takes place

27
Q

From the original cell entering meiosis, how many cells result when meiosis is complete?

A

Four

28
Q

What is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 Generation of dihybrid cross?

A

9:3:3:1

29
Q

what is the function of helicase?

A

Unwinds DNA double helix, making it single stranded.

30
Q

Why are two DNA polymerases necessary?

A

One replicates DNA, the other repairs the mistakes

Bio Exam 3 (4 decks)

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