Exam 3 Study guide Flashcards
Which of the following lists the two independent components of cell division?
A. Mitosis & Meiosis
B. Meiosis & Prophase
C. Prophase & Metaphase
D. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Which of the following is NOT one of the three key roles cell division plays in biology?
A. Tissue renewal and repair
B. Reproduction
C. Growth & Development
D. Mitosis & Meiosis
Mitosis and Meiosis
What are two macromolecules that comprise chromatin?
DNA and Protein
Which component of chromatin is responsible for DNA condensation?
Histone proteins
How many maternal and how many paternal chromosomes are found in each human somatic cell containing chromosomes?
23 maternal and 23 paternal
What is a human somatic cell and how many sets of chromosomes does it possess?
A somatic cell is a non-reproductive cell that makes up most of the body and possesses 2 sets of 23 chromosomes.
When an organism is said to be homozygous for a particular trait, what can be said for certain about it’s genotype?
It has either two dominant or two recessive alleles.
How many chromosomes does a typical prokaryote possess?
A single circular chromosome composed of DNA.
Why do metaphase chromosomes look like the letter X?
Because cohesins holding sister chromatids together are located only at the centromeres at metaphase where chromosomes are collected for study.
what is the name of the enzyme that cleaves the macromolecule holding together sister chromatids at the end of metaphase?
Separase
When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into two phases. The names of these two phases are?
Interphase and Mitotic phase
When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into 4 phases. Which of the following is not one of those 4 phases?
A. G1 Phase
B. M Phase
C. G2 Phase
D. Anaphase
E. S Phase
Anaphase
What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
That is when DNA is replicated
What are the two processes that occur during M phase?
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
What is mitosis?
Division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei
In which mitotic phase is the nuclear envelope still present?
Prophase
In which mitotic phase is the nuclear envelope beginning to reform?
Telophase
What is a kinetochore microtube?
A microtube that kinetochores attach to in order to move chromosomes to the metaphase plate during prometaphase and to opposite poles of the cell in anaphase.
During anaphase, what is the direction a kinetochore will take along the mitotic spindle?
Toward the centrosome
What are the proteins that are responsible for pinching off the two daughter cells during cytokinesis?
Actin and Myosin
Which of the following are three kinds of mitotic spindle microtubes?
Aster, Kinetochore and non-kinetochore
Where in the chromosome are the kinetochores attached?
At the centromere
A picture containing all the chromosomes of an individual, organized by homologous pair is called a
Karyotype
A pair of non-sister chromatids in Prophase 1 is called
Synapsis
How many kinetochores are attached to each set of 4 chromosomes during meiosis 1?
One for each pair of homologous chromosomes
What is the longest phase of meiosis and what process is taking place at that time ?
Prophase 1, when DNA repair takes place
From the original cell entering meiosis, how many cells result when meiosis is complete?
Four
What is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 Generation of dihybrid cross?
9:3:3:1
what is the function of helicase?
Unwinds DNA double helix, making it single stranded.
Why are two DNA polymerases necessary?
One replicates DNA, the other repairs the mistakes
