Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Prophet definition
Yahweh’s messengers or spokespersons
Seers definition
Primary purpose is to interpret Yahweh’s will
Seers meaning
dream interpretation, divination, often in ecstatic states
nabi/nabi prophet definition
prophets as professionals; “guild” workers: court and shrine prophets
parallelism
each verse consists of at least two lines of parallel thought-related in some way-especially so that the 2nd line emphasizes the first, drawing it out as if “even more so”
Synonymous parallelism
Line 2 restates line 1 (line repeat, but in different words)
Antithetic parallelism
Line 2 contrasts with line 1 (lines are opposites/reversals)
Synthetic parallelism
Line 2 develops line 1 (continues/finishes a thought
Climactic parallelism
Line 2 extends line 1 to a climax (usually, as a series of items)
“Thus says the Lord”
indicates that the word of Yahweh follows
messenger formula
prophet delivers Yahweh’s word in first person, “I,” as if Yahweh were speaking
symbolic actions (prophetic gestures)
Prophets often convey their message by performing actions or gestures that expressed or represented it symbolically or metaphorically
prophet call experiences
vision of Yahweh’s Chariot Throne in a Storm Theophany
Stipulations of the covenant
Obey the voice of Yahweh = obedience to the law
keep the covenant = faithfulness to Yahweh
Mosaic Yahwism definition
religion of Israel, the worship of Yahweh as it emerges in the time period of Moses and his leadership over Israel
Covenant formula
Yahweh is the God of Israel; Israel is the people of Yahweh
I will be your God; you will be my people
Bio info on David
son of Jessee
Warrior, military commander
Outlaw to Saul and vassal to the Philistines
Two depictions: Hero (killer of Goliath) and Antihero (affair w/ Bathsheba)
Bio info on Solomon
David’s son by Bathsheba
Comes to power after struggle with brother Adonijah for the throne
Known for wisdom
David reign/accomplishments
Remove external threat to Israel’s survival
Consolidate power internally with 2 actions
- captures the city of Jerusalem and makes it his capital
- ties together the state (monarchy) and the cult (religious establishment) by setting up shrine of the ark in Jerusalem
expand territory
Solomon reign/accomplishments
Nation at peace; preserves and extends David’s kingdom
Leads Israel to its greatest wealth and power
Inaugurates a period of cultural enlightenment and sophistication
Builds the Temple
Royal Theology
King is Yahweh’s anointed servant, who rules Israel in behalf of Yahweh, Israel’s king
Davidic Kingship
The principle of dynastic succession or hereditary kingship
Yahweh chooses the house of David as kings forever over Israel, establishing Davidic kingship
Kingship only in Judah
Mount Zion
mountain where the Temple was built
David as model for king/messiah
Israel’s kings after him and the ideal King to come; the messiah
Inviolability of Zion
Yahweh’s presence in the Temple on Mt. Zion in Jerusalem will protect Temple from destruction and then both Jerusalem (the daughter of Zion, daughter Zion) and the entire nation as well.
Protection of Zion
Southern Kingdom name
Judah
Southern Kingdom capital
Jerusalem
Southern Kingdom Chief Shrine
Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem
Southern Kingdom pattern for Kingship
Davidic Kingship
Northern Kingdom name
Israel/Ephraim
Northern Kingdom capital
Samaria
Northern Kingdom Chief Shrine
Royal Shrines at Dan and Bethel
Northern Kingdom pattern for kingship
Charismatic prophets
Charismatic prophets definition
frequently anointed a rival king who then deposed the ruling dynasty
Ephraim/Israel
Destroyed by the Assyrians in 722 BCE with the fall of Samaria
Becomes known as Samaria
Samaria
Capital of Israel
Judah
Destroyed by the Babylonians
Enters period known as the Exile
3 deportations of its people to Babylon
Zadok
new Jerusalem priesthood
Jerusalem
Capital of kingdom in Judah
Location of Solomon’s temple
Golden bull calves at Dan and Bethel
Chief shrine which was royal shrines at Dan and Bethel
Each shrine had a golden statue off bull calf
Solomon’s Temple
Chief shrine of Judah
Built on Mt. Zion
Fall of Samaria
signifies the capture of Israel by the Assyrians by destroying Samaria
Assyria
people that conquer Israel
Deuteronomy and Josiah’s Reform
Josiah orders the Temple to be cleansed of its Assyrian additions and corruptions
During the cleaning, a scroll is found, which is believed to be some form of the book of Deuteronomy
He closes other shrines so worship can only take place at the Temple
First deportation of Judah
597
Nebuchadnezzar takes Jerusalem after King Jehoiakim rebels
second deportation of Judah
587/6: Fall of Jerusalem
Destruction of the Temple by Nebu.
End of Kingship and of the southern kingdom
third deportation of Judah
582: retribution for assassination of the Judean governor, Gedaliah
Babylonia
people who conquer Judah
Nebuchadnezzar
King who begins the deportation of the people of Judah after they try to rebel
The three Theological crisis of the Exile
Is Yahweh with us?
Has Yahweh been defeated and made powerless by Babylonian Gods?
Has Yahweh rejected and abandoned us?
Is Yahweh with us?
Yahweh, enthroned in creation, is wherever his people are
Has Yahweh been defeated and made powerless by Babylonian gods?
There are no other gods, only Yahweh, who is not powerless
Has Yahweh rejected and abandoned us?
Exile is Yahweh’s judgment of Judah for its unfaithfulness
Yahweh will deliver Israel and begin a new relationship
Edict of Cyrus
538: allows conquered peoples to return to their homelands
marks the end of the exile
Rebuilding the Temple
Rebuilding the Temple by 516 BCE will restore worship/sacrifice
Judaism and Jews
Judaism: name of religion of Israel after the Exile
Jews: the new name for the people of Israel
“Do justice (mishpat), love kindness (hessed), and walk humbly with your God”
Micah
Micah judgement
Announce Yahweh’s judgement on Judah, but also protection of Davidic throne
Amos Israel wrongdoing
Social Injustice
Amos judgement
announce kingdoms end as Yahweh’s judgement
Yahweh’s judgement: the day of the Lord
Amos bio
shepherd and tender of sycamore-fig trees from Tekoa in Judah
Hosea judgement
Announce kingdoms end as Yahwehs judgement
Yahweh’s judgement: announced in the children’s names
“love kindness”
Hosea
Hosea Israel’s wrongdoing
unfaithfulness to Yahweh
Jeremiah
Judgement and Hope as the Exile begins
During the 3 deportations of the Exile
“Walk humbly with your God”
Isaiah
Isaiah message
Judah’s wrongdoing: arrogance of power
covenant-marriage analogy/metaphor
Hosea and wife Gomer, a Baal prostitute: analogy for Yahweh and Israel
Covenant relationship is likened to marriage between beloveds
the Day of the Lord
Amos’ idea of Yahweh’s judgement
messianic hope
hope that develops in Israel for a messiah/ideal king begins with Isaiah
Stubbornness of the evil will/heart
Judah’s history of disobedience/unfaithfulness in the Land brought Yahweh’s judgement
Cherubim
Human + ox + Lion + Eagle
Ben Adam
son of man - S.O.B
“You shall know that I am the Lord”
refers to the purpose/result of Yahweh’s acts
used in contexts of both judgement and salvation: human arrogance to think Yahweh won’t judge and can’t save
True monotheism
other gods are merely idols
number of books and psalms in the Psalter
150 Psalms arranged in 5 books
Wisdom books
concerned with how to live a good life
proverbs
sets out the way of wisdom and contracts it with the way of folly
proverbs theme
“the fear of the lord is the beginning of knowledge”
Ecclesiastes
Qoheleth, the teacher
a more critical view of life “all is vanity and chasing after wind
Job
addresses the question, why worship God?
Vanity
calls the hearer to live fully in the present
ca 1000
start of David’s reign
928
divided kingdoms
722
Fall of Samaria
Northern kingdom ends
587/6
Fall of Jerusalem
538
End of the exile
