Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards
Periods of the Historical Reconstruction of the Exodus
1) Entry into Egypt
2) Period of Disfavor
3) Oppression and Exodus
4) End date for the Exodus
Entry into Egypt
Period of Hyksos (foreigners) rule over Egypt
Period of Disfavor
Overthrow of Hyksos
End date for Exodus
Stela of Merneptah (daughter of Ramses); reports victory over city-states and peoples in Canaan, including Israel
Ramses II
Pharaoh of the Exodus
Land of Goshen
Where the Israelites settle when they arrive in Egypt (Delas region)
Plan of Pharaoh
oppress the Israelites out of fear of their strength; instead prompts more growth
- then he orders the midwives to kill any boys, but not girls, born by the Israelites
- then he orders all the people that if they birth a boy to throw it into the Nile, but keep girl
Yahweh/Jehovah/YHWH
- YHWH: Yahweh in Hebrew
- Jehovah: consonants of the divine name and the vowels of the Adonai
Albright’s meaning of the divine name
(The one who) causes things to be
Buber’s meaning of the divine name
(The one who) is always present in Israel
Theological theme of the Plagues
Power of Yahweh to deliver his people
The plagues
1) frogs
2) gnats
3) flies
4) Egyptian livestock disease
5) Egyptian festering boils
6) storm and hail
7) locusts
8) another plague
OT concept of miracle
Yahweh is creator; anything can be a sign of presence
The signs and wonders
1) staff, which would turn into a snake when thrown into the ground
2) If Moses reached hand into pocket, it would turn white as snow
3) Take water from Nile, spread it onto ground, and it would turn into blood
The tenth plague
Death of the Egyptians first-born
symbolism of the tenth plague
Symbolizes life-and-death stakes of Israel’s freedom
Climax of the Exodus
Crossing of the sea
Name for the sea crossed
- OT: Yam Suph
- Red/Reed Sea
Wilderness stories theme
Complaining of the Israelites
Wilderness stories underlying issue
“Is Yahweh among us or not?”
Tetragrammaton
YHWH
Decalogue
formal term for the ten commandments; literally means ten words
Ten commandments in Jewish
Other gods and idols/images are both included in the 2nd commandment
Ten commandments in Eastern orthodox
Divine self-identification makes up the prologue, instead of the 1st commandment
Ten commandments in Roman Catholic
The 1st commandment consists of divine self-identification, other gods, and idols/images, and coveting/property are split into the 9th and 10th commandments
Covenant code
similar to Code of Hammurabi; made up of casuistic laws and apodictic laws
Manna and Quail
unfamiliar substances found on the journey; placed in the ark
Invitation to the Covenant
Yahweh’s initiative toward Israel
Israel’s covenant obligations to Yahweh
Covenant is conditional; obey the voice of Yahweh, keep the covenant
Ark of the Covenant
Small, portable box containing the Ten Commandments
Tent of Meeting
Where Yahweh met with Israel in worship; also called the Tabernacle
Mosaic Yahwism
Religion of Israel; the worship of Yahweh as it emerges in the time period of Moses and his leadership over Israel
Mosaic Yahwism theological ideas
1) Yahweh is a god of history who acts within human history (not nature God)
2) Relationship between Yahweh and Israel is defined by election, covenant, and law
3) Exclusive worship of Yahweh (practical monotheism)
Parity treaty
two parties are equals
Suzerainty treaty
Vassal treaty; one party is superior to another
Sinai covenant most similar to…
Vassal treaty
Apodictic law
more general laws than caustic laws
eye for an eye
the punishment shall fit the crime
Case law
Deuteronomic History (DH)
Earliest, primary history of Israel in Canaan
Theme of the DH
Obedience to Yahweh brings blessing, disobedience brings judgement
Joshua Holy War
Practicing the ban (herem)
Devoting one’s enemy as a sacrifice to one’s God
Tribal league
Shiloh
Local shrine where the ark was kept
Amarna Letters
Info on the political situation in Canaan; from Canaanite overlords to Pharaoh Akhenaton
Ras Shamra Texts
Info on religion in Canaan; source for the Myth of Baal
Charismatic leadership
Anointed King by Samuel; acknowledged king of Israel; endowed w/ Yahweh’s spirit
Baalism
A nature religion
Myth of Baal
Baal a dying and rising God, killed by God Death, God of Summer Drought; brought back to life with help of wife
3 most important tribes in the Hill Country
Benjamin (small)
Judah
Ephraim
Northern tribe
Ephraim
Southern tribe
Judah
Buffer tribe
Benjamin
Peaceful settlement theory (infiltration model)
Israel infiltrate Canaan through religion, political hopes, and force
Internal revolt theory (revolt model)
Conquest by Canaanite peasants against city-state overlords
Military conquest theory (conquest model)
Old testament evidence only supports gradual conquest
Gradual emergence theory (emergence model)
Israel only gradually emerged as an entity in Canaan
Samuel
Most important figure in the establishment of Kingship; Holds the people together during the Philistine crisis
Factors of the failure of the tribal league
decentralized power/authority proves too weak to repel the Philistines
Philistines
attempt to expand
Philistine monopoly
iron
Saul
- reigns about 20 years
- simple kingship
-established standing army - loss of Yahweh’s spirit
- threat of David and depression and paranoia lead to downfall
David
- King of Judah and Israel for about 40 years
- Outlaw to Saul and vassal to the Philistines
Yahweh’s promise to David
Exodus dates
1250 or 13th century BCE
Amarna Letters dates
14th century BCE
Ras Shamra Texts dates
14th century BCE
David dates
1000 BCE
