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Kinesiology > Exam 3 Study Cards > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of the pisotriquetral joint?

A

Gives strength in grip

Attachment for transverse carpal ligament

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2
Q

How many bones are in the entire wrist?

A

15 bones

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3
Q

What bones make up the wrist?

A

8 carpal bones, ulna, radius, 5 metacarpal bones

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4
Q

what articulations make up all of the digits?

A 
Carpalmetacarpal joint (CMC)
Metacarpalphalangeal joint (MCP) 
interphalangeal joint (IP)
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5
Q

How many bones are in your hand?

A 
19 bones 
Metacarpals -5
Proximal phalanges- 5 
Middle Phalanges- 4
Distal Phalanges- 5
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6
Q

What are the three arches on your hand?

A

Proximal Transverse Arch
Distal Transverse Arch
Longitudinal Arch

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7
Q

Explain the location of each arch of the hand

A

Proximal Transverse Arch- along CMC joints
Distal Transverse Arch - along MCP joints
Longitudinal Arch - runs from wrist to fingertips, apex at metacarpal heads

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8
Q

What does weakness of intrinsic muscles cause?

A

loss of the arches

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9
Q

what are the functions of the arches in the hand?

A
  1. It allows palmar cupping

2. important to consider arches when splinting

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10
Q

What are the articulations of the hand?

A 
Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (MCP)
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP)
Distal Interphalangeal Joints (DIP)
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11
Q

Explain the articulations of the CMC joints?

A

Articulation between digits 2-5 with distal carpal bones and a base to base articulation between adjacent matacarpals

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12
Q

What is the function of the 2nd & 3rd, 4th & 5th CMC?

A

2nd & 3rd- primary stabilizers of The hand

4th & 5th- permits cupping

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13
Q

T/F the primary stabilizers are the 2nd and 3rd CMC joint?

A

True

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14
Q

What type of joint is the CMC joint?

A

Plane joint, synovial, only gliding occurs

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15
Q

What are the movements of the CMC joint?

A

Flexion and Extension

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16
Q

What are the approximate ROM of 2&3, 4, and 5th CMC joints?

A

2nd&3rd- minimal
4th- 10-15 degrees
5th- 25-30 degrees

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17
Q

what movement in the CMC joint permits hand cupping?

A

Flexion

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18
Q

What movement in the CMC joint permits hands to be flat?

A

Extension

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19
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of Flexion in the CMC joint?

A

Metacarpals slide on the carpals in volar (palmar)

direction

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20
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of Extension in the CMC joint?

A

Metacarpals slide on the carpals in dorsal direction

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21
Q

T/F During Flexion of the CMC joint the Transverse Arch increases

A

True

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22
Q

What happens to the Transverse arch during extension of the CMC joint?

A

The Transverse Arch decreases

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23
Q

Which muscles contribute to the CMC joint?

A 
Radial wrist muscles:
- flexor carpi radialis
- extensor carpi radialis
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
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24
Q

What structures cause the CMC to be stable?

A 
Joint capsules
Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments
Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
Interosseous carpometacarpal ligaments
Intermetacarpal ligament
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25
Q

What are the movements of the CMC joint at the THUMB?

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Opposition/Circumduction

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26
Q

In what plane is abduction/adduction of the CMC joint at the thumb?

A

Sagittal Plane

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27
Q

In what plane is flexion/extension of the CMC joint at the thumb?

A

Coronal Plane

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28
Q

Explain each movement of the CMC joint at the thumb for abduction/adduction

A

Movement perpendicular to the palm

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29
Q

What is circumduction of the CMC joint at the thumb ?

A

Combination of abduction, flexion, adduction, and extension with medial rotation of metacarpal

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30
Q

What type of joint is the CMC at the thumb?

A

Biaxial, sellar joint

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31
Q

What is the concave, convex rule of flexion and extension in the CMC joint of the thumb?

A

CONVEX trapezium articulates on the CONCAVE base of the metacarpal. (roll and slide in the same direction)

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32
Q

What is the movement of flexion and extension in the CMC joint at the thumb?

A

Flexion- medial direction

Extension- lateral direction

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33
Q

What is the concave, convex rule of abduction or adduction in the CMC joint of the thumb?

A

CONCAVE trapezium articulates on the CONVEX base of the metacarpal. (Roll in same direction of movement; slide in opposite direction of movement)

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34
Q

What is the movement of abduction and adduction in the CMC joint at the thumb?

A

Abduction- roll in palmar direction, slide in dorsal direction
Adduction- roll in dorsal direction, slide in palmar direction

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35
Q

What causes arthritis of the CMC Joint?

A

large functional demands on ADLs/IADLs

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36
Q

What does arthritis in the CMC joint cause?

A

limited functional grasp and ability to maintain grasp

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37
Q

T/F Arthritis in the CMC joint is more common in women over 50?

A

True

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38
Q

What causes women to have more CMC arthritis?

A

smaller trapezium and joint laxity

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39
Q

What is the articulation of the Metacarpalphalangeal (MCP) joint?

A

articulation of metacarpal with adjacent proximal phalanx

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40
Q

What are accessory movements important for?

A

Important for control and functional grasp

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41
Q

How much accessory movement is there when MCPs are flexed?

A

Little accessory movement

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42
Q

How much accessory movement is there when MCPs are extended?

A

Greater accessory movement and joint distraction

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43
Q

What type of joint is MCP?

A

Condyloid, Biaxial Joint

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44
Q

How many planes of moment are in the MCP joint?

A

3 planes
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Slight Rotation

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45
Q

Flexion and Extension are in what plane?

A

Sagittal Plane

46
Q

How many degrees of flexion and hyperextension are in the MCP joint?

A

Flexion- 70-115 degrees

Hyperextension (passively) - 30-45 degrees

47
Q

When does abduction occur in the MCP joint?

A

When the 2nd, 4th, and 5th finger moves away from the 3rd finger

48
Q

Which digit is the point of reference?

A

The middle finger

49
Q

What type of joint is the MCP of the thumb?

A

Condyloid Joint

50
Q

What are the degrees of movement of the MCP joint at the thumb?

A

Flexion/ Extension

Abduction/Adduction

51
Q

T/F The thumb has less movement at the MCP joint compared to other fingers?

A

True

52
Q

What is the arthrokinematics of Extension and Flexion in the MCP joint at the thumb?

A

Flexion- Roll and slide in palmar direction
Extension- Roll and Slide in dorsal direction

(CONCAVE phalange moves on the CONVEX metacarpal head)

53
Q

How many interphalangeal joints are in the hand?

A

9

54
Q

Is there more ROM moving radially or ulnarly?

A

There is more ROM moving radially

55
Q

What is the function of 2nd and 3rd IP joints?

A

Precision

56
Q

What is the function of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th IP joints?

A

Power

57
Q

T/F The 3rd digit has the function of precision and power?

A

True

58
Q

What is the Average ROM of PIP, DIP, and thumb IP?

A

PIP: 0 – 120 degrees of ROM
DIP: 0 – 90 degrees of ROM
Thumb IP: 0 – 80 degrees of ROM

59
Q

What are the movements of the IP joints?

A

Flexion and Extension

60
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of the IP joints

A

CONCAVE proximal end of the phalange moving on the CONVEX distal end of the phalange

61
Q

In the IP joint in what direction does the bones roll and slide in flexion and extension?

A

Flexion – Roll and slide in palmar direction

Extension - Roll and slide in dorsal direction

62
Q

What causes the stablility of the MCPs, PIPs, DIPs?

A

Joint Capsule
Radial collateral ligaments
Ulnar collateral ligaments
Palmar ligament

63
Q

What is the function of the Radial and Ulnar Collateral Ligaments?

A

Limits Abduction and Adduction

64
Q

What is the function of the Palmar Ligament

A

Limits hyperextension, reinforces the joint

65
Q

Which is the most important finger of the hand?

A

The thumb

66
Q

The thumb accounts for ____% loss of function in the hand if immobile.

A

50%

67
Q

What is prehension?

A

reaching, grasping, releasing

68
Q

The thumb is a defining functional factor because it _____?

A

Defines stability, control of direction and power

69
Q

What does nonmanipulative/power mean?

A

thumb is non-functional

70
Q

What does Manipulative/Precision mean?

A

thumb and other fingers are involved

71
Q

The thumb/4th/5th CMC joints provide_______.

A

mobility

72
Q

The 2nd and 3rd CMC joints provide _______.

A

stability

73
Q

What are the four stages of grasp?

A
  1. Opening hand
  2. Closing hand around the object
  3. Correct Force Application
  4. Release of the Object
74
Q

What happens in the first stage of grasp?

A

Opening hand; coordination of intrinsics and extensors

75
Q

What happens in the second stage of graps?

A

Closing hand around the object; Coordination of flexors

76
Q

What happens in the third stage of grasp?

A

Correct force application; Gaging weight, size, characteristics

77
Q

What is Power Grip?

A

Digits position an object against the palm
Thumb is nonfunctional
Produce significant amount of force

78
Q

What are the three types of power grip ?

A

Hook, Cylindrical/Spherical, Fist

79
Q

What does hook power grip allow to carry?

A

objects such as purses or briefcase and sustain force for a long time

80
Q

How are the MCPs, PIPs &DIPs and thumb in the hook grip?

A

MCPs: neutral or extended
PIPs and DIPs : flexed
thumb: non-functional

81
Q

Which fingers are involved in hook grip?

A

2nd – 5th fingers around an object in a hooklike manner

82
Q

Explain the cylindrical power grip

A

Is like “Holding a can of soda”
The Thumb is in Opposition
Fingers are Flexed and ADDucted

83
Q

Explain the spherical power grip

A

Is like “Holding a ball”
Thumb: Opposition
Fingers: Flexed and ABDucted

84
Q

Explain the fist power grip

A

Holding a narrow object like a Broom Handle

85
Q

What is Precision Grip ?

A

Holding objects between the tips of the fingers and thumb

86
Q

T/F Precision Grip is Fine motor coordination and precise manipulation of objects

A

True

87
Q

What are the three types of precision grip

A

lateral pinch, tip pinch, and palmar pinch

88
Q

T/F Palmar pinch is most commonly used in ADLs

A

True

89
Q

What does the Lateral Pinch involve?

A

Involves palmar surface of thumb and

lateral index finger

90
Q

What is the lateral pinch used for?

A

used to hold thin objects in hand

91
Q

Explain how the thumb, IPs, and index finger appear in lateral pinch

A

Thumb adducted
IP- flexed
Index finger- Flexed and abducted

92
Q

What does the Precision Pinch involve?

A

Involves tip of finger with tip of thumb

to pick up a small object. Forms a circle

93
Q

Explain the postion of the thumb and fingers in precision pinch

A

Thumb: Opposition and Flexion
Fingers: MCP, PIP, DIP Flexion

94
Q

What is precision grip involved in?

A

Fine Motor Cordination not power

95
Q

What does the Palmar Pinch involve?

A

Palmar surfaces of distal phalange in

contact with palmar surface of thumb. Forms an oval

96
Q

Explain the postion of the thumb and fingers in palmar pinch

A

Thumb: Opposition, slight flexion
Fingers: MCP and PIP flexion

97
Q

What is another name for Palmar Pinch

A

Three-Jar-Chuck - thumb, index and middle fingers

98
Q

What is the functional hand position

A

Slightly cupped
Wrist in slight extension and ulnar deviation
- Optimal length for finger flexors
Fingers progressively more flexed radial -> ulnar side
- Important for splinting

99
Q

When observing the hands of a client you want to make sure to looks at ….

A

Comparison of both hands
Thenar and Hypothenar eminences
Arches and creases
Swelling

100
Q

When comparing both hands of a client you must note…

A

Color, temperature, apperance of skin, shape of fingers

101
Q

T/F The dominant hand is usually slightly larger

A

True

102
Q

What is Swan Neck Deformity ?

A

Contracture of intrinsic muscles or tear of volar plate
MCP flexion
PIP extension
DIP flexion

103
Q

What is Boutonniere Deformity?

A 
Rupture of the extensor hood
Extensor tendons separate and the joint protrudes
MCP extension
PIP flexion
DIP extension
104
Q

What IP joint of the finger cannot extend in Mallet finger ?

A

DIP CANNOT extend

105
Q

What happens during ulnar drift?

A

Extensor digitorum tendon slips off dorsal
portion of MCP and moves to ulnar side
“Wind Swept Hands”

106
Q

What nerve gets damaged during Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Median Nerve

107
Q

What is more commonly fractured the metacarpals or the phlanges?

A

Metacarpal fracture and subluxation more common than phalanges

108
Q

What are the most common tendon hand injury?

A

Shortening due to immobilization, contractures, spasticity

Extensor tendon rupture

109
Q

How is the movement for flexion/ extension of the thumb at the CMC joint?

A

parallel to the palm

110
Q

How many middle phalanges do you have in your hand?

A

4

111
Q

What are the primary stabilizers of the hand?

A

2nd and 3rd CMC joints

112
Q

What 2 joints permit cupping?

A

4th and 5th CMC joints

Kinesiology (2 decks)

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