Exam 2 Study Cards Flashcards
1
Q
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
A
Synovial joint
2
Q
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
A
Synovial joint
3
Q
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
A
Synovial joint
4
Q
What part of the clavicle is easily palpable?
A
Acromial end
5
Q
What part of the clavicle is flat and rises slightly above
the acromion?
A
Acromial end
6
Q
What part of the clavicle curves inferiorly?
A
Sternal end
7
Q
Describe where the convex and concave features are of the clavicle.
A
Convex medially and concave laterally
8
Q
What two structures does the clavicle articulate with?
A
The scapula and the sternum
9
Q
What is the joint capsule of the shoulder supported by?
A
The rotator cuff, coracohumeral, superior glenohumeral ligaments
10
Q
The joint capsule of the shoulder creates what kind of joint pressure?
A
Negative (suctioning)
11
Q
What is the function of the joint capsule in the shoulder?
A
Suctions in the humeral head into the glenoid labrum
12
Q
What does the glenoid labrum connect to?
A
Glenohumeral joint capsule, Glenohumeral ligaments, Long head of biceps, Rotator cuff muscles
13
Q
What is the glenoid labrum composed of?
A
Dense fibrous tissue with few elastic fibers
14
Q
What are the 6 purposes of the glenoid labrum?
A
- Controls joint movement
- Load-bearing structure
- Protects bone edges
- Assist in joint lubrication
- Ligament attachment
- Increases contact area for articulating regions
15
Q
The incongruous aspect of the joint…
A
-Allows the humerus to have a wide array of
movements
-Naturally positioned to discourage inferior
subluxation/dislocation
16
Q
Structurally, what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
A
Ball and socket joint
17
Q
Functionally, what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
A
Diarthrotic multiaxial joint
18
Q
What movements does the glenohumeral joint have?
A
Flexion and Extension; Abduction and Adduction; Internal and External Rotation
19
Q
What 4 accessory movements does the glenohumeral joint have?
A
Rolling, Spinning, Gliding and Combination
20
Q
Is the movement in the glenohumeral joint in the same or opposite direction?
A
Opposite
21
Q
Describe the convex and concave movement of the glenohumeral joint?
A
Rolling of convex humeral head upwards, there is a downward sliding of the concave glenoid fossa
22
Q
T or F: The convex head of the humerus fits perfectly into the concave glenoid fossa.
A
False
23
Q
Since the humerus does not fit perfectly into the glenoid fossa, that means the movement is
A
Spin as well as rolling and
gliding/sliding
24
Q
Since the humerus does not fit perfectly into the glenoid fossa, that prevents impaction between
A
The humeral head on the acromion and coracocacromial ligament
25
In flexion and extension of the glenohumeral joint, rotation of the humerus is in what plane around what axis?
Sagittal plane around a coronal axis
26
In flexion of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral slides and rolls in what direction?
The humeral head slides posteriorly and rolls anteriorly
27
T or F: In flexion and extension of the glenohumeral joint, it's primarily a spinning motion
around a fixed point on the
glenoid.
True
28
In abduction and adduction of the glenohumeral joint, rotation of the humerus is in what plane around what axis?
Coronal plane around a sagittal axis
29
In abduction and adduction of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral slides and rolls in what direction?
Convex humeral head rolls up and slides downward on the scapula glenoid fossa
30
In internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, rotation of the humerus is in what plane around what axis?
Horizontal plane around a vertical axis
31
T or F: In external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head simultaneously
rolls posteriorly and slides
anteriorly on the glenoid fossa
True
32
Gravity pulls the humeral head
Downward, encouraging adduction
33
Ligaments attach
bone to bone
34
T or F: Ligaments are as strong as tendons with more fibroelastic tissues
True
35
What are the three ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral Ligament, Coracohumeral Ligament, Coracoacromial Ligament
36
T or F: The center of the humeral head is centered on the glenoid
cavity throughout the arc of
movement in the glenohumeral joint.
True
37
Elevation in the plane of the scapula in the glenohumeral joint permits what 5 movements of the scapula and clavicle?
```
Upward rotation of
the scapula, posterior tilt,
and external rotation with
clavicular elevation and
retraction
```
38
T or F: Elevation in the plane of the scapula is approximately 30-45 degrees anterior to the coronal plane
True
39
The sternoclavicular joint articulates with what three structures?
The clavical, the manubrium of the sternum, and the first rib cartilage
40
What are the purpose of intra-articular disks?
They are shock absorbers
41
What two units create gliding in the sternoclavicular joint?
-Sternal end of the clavicle
-Manubrium of sternum and
first costal cartilage
42
Functionally, what 3 kinds of joints is the sternoclavicular joint?
Diarthrotic triaxial, incongruous saddle shaped (sellar) joint, double gliding joint or a modified ball and socket joint
43
What are the three axes of freedom of the sternocalvicular joint?
Elevation and Depression; Protraction and Retraction; Rotation along the
longitudinal axis
44
During elevation and depression, the sternoclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?
Coronal plane around a sagittal axis
45
T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint, during superior-inferior gliding, the axis is oblique through the sternal end of clavicle.
True
46
During protraction and retraction, the sternoclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?
Horizontal plane around a “nearly” vertical axis
47
T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint, there is anterior-posterior gliding as the disks moves with the clavicle on the manubrium
True
48
T or F: Rotation along the
longitudinal axis for the sternoclavicular joint is the accessory motion when humerus is above 90 degrees and
scapula is upward rotation
True
49
T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint during rotation along the longitudinal axis, the acromial end is higher and able to elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula
True
50
During rotation along the longitudinal axis, the sternoclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?
Sagittal plane around the coronal axis of the clavicle
51
T or F: The sternoclavicular joint is required for full flexion,
abduction (Without it only 110 degrees of
flexion or abduction can occur)
True
52
What movements occur at the sternoclavicular joint?
Elevation/Depression; Protraction/Retraction; Rotation
53
Describe the convex, concave structures of the sternoclavicular joint. Hint: There are two different convex, concave relationships in this joint for each structure.
Medial end of clavicle is convex top-to-bottom (superior to inferior) and concave front-to-back
(anterior to posterior); Manubrium and first costal cartilages are concave superior to inferior and convex anterior to posterior
54
T or F: During elevation and depression of the sternoclavicular joint, the medial clavicle glides in a superior to inferior direction to the upper attachment of the disk
True
55
What two muscles add to the stability of the superior aspect of the acromioclavicular joint?
Upper trapezius and deltoid muscles
56
Protraction and retraction of the sternoclavicular joint occurs in what plane around what axis?
Horizontal plane around a vertical axis
57
In the sternoclavicular joint, what kind of shaped surface does it have?
Saddle shaped surface
58
In extension of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral slides and rolls in what direction?
The humeral head slides anteriorly and rolls posteriorly
59
T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint, the clavicle and disk glide anteriorposteriorly on the manubrium, pivoting around inferior attachment of the disk
True
60
T or F: Rotation of the sternoclavicular joint results in a spin movement.
True
61
T or F: Rotation of the sternoclavicular joint is the movement of posterior to neutral.
True
62
T or F: The disk in the sternoclavicular joint participates in movement for the manubrium, clavicle to allow mobility and maintain stability
True
63
The disk in the sternoclavicular joint is called the
Costoclavicular ligament articular disk
64
Do muscles cross the sternoclavicular joint?
No, so there is little dynamic stability
65
What 2 ligaments are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?
Anterior posterior sternoclavicular, interclavicular ligament
66
What two structures does the acromioclavicular joint articulate with. Be specific.
Articulation between the
lateral aspect of the clavicle and
the acromion of the scapula
67
T or F: There is limited motion in the acromioclavicular joint.
True
68
T or F: The articular capsule is weak in the acromioclavicular joint.
True
69
T or F: Since the articular capsule is weak in the acromioclavicular joint, there is an increased chance of dislocation.
True
70
What five moments can be performed with the acromioclavicular joint?
-Scapular Rotation
-Upward/Downward Rotation of
the Scapula
-Winging
-Tipping
71
Structurally, what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial, plane joint
72
Functionally, what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Diarthrotic, Triaxial, Gliding Joint
73
How many degrees of freedom are in the acromioclavicular joint?
3
74
What are the 2 different movements in the acromioclavicular joint?
1. Gliding motion of clavicle and acromion
| 2. Rotation of the scapula on clavicle
75
Why is it that there are very inconsistent ways to identify movement/axes in the acromioclavicular joint?
It is small and every client will present differently
76
The acromioclavicular joint primarily contributes to what movement?
Scapular rotation
77
The acromioclavicular joint also contributes to which 2 movements?
Winging and tipping
78
On the acromioclavicular joint, which structure is convex?
Lateral end of the clavicle
79
On the acromioclavicular joint, which structure is concave?
Facet on acromion
80
T or F: All movements (rotation, winging, tipping) of scapula and
clavicle in the acromioclavicular joint are in the same direction.
True
81
Scapular rotation in the acromioclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?
Coronal plane around a sagittal axis
82
Rotating the scapula allows the glenoid to perform what 2 actions?
- Tilt up (upward rotation)
| - Tilt down (downward rotation)
83
T or F: The AC permits the scapula and clavicle to move
| differently, instead of as one unit.
True
84
What is another word for upward rotation?
Lateral rotation
85
What word describes this movement: scapula moves so the glenoid cavity faces upward and the inferior angle moves laterally
Upward rotation
86
What is another word for downward rotation?
Medial rotation
87
What word describes this movement: Scapula moves so the glenoid cavity faces downward and the inferior angle moves medially
Downward rotation
88
What word describes this movement: Movement of the medial/vertebral border away from
the chest wall
Winging
89
Winging of the scapula occurs in what plane around what axis?
Horizontal plane around a
| vertical axis
90
What word describes this movement: Posterior displacement of the inferior angle of the scapula
Tipping
91
What word describes this movement: Top of the scapula moves posteriorly while the
bottom moves towards
the ribs
Tipping
92
Tipping occurs in what axis?
Coronal axis
93
What 3 ligaments are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?
- Coracoacromial
- Coracoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular ligaments
94
T or F: In internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head simultaneously
rolls anteriorly and slides
posteriorly on the glenoid fossa
True
95
Do muscles directly cross the acromioclavicular joint?
No
96
What two muscles add to the stability of the superior aspect of the acromioclavicular joint?
Upper trapezius and deltoid muscles
97
What joint movements are involved in the scapulothoracic joint?
Forward Elevation; Protraction/retraction; Elevation/depression; Rotation, Winging, Tipping
98
T or F: The scapula glides on the thoracic in the scapulothoracic joint.
True
99
T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is a “Moveable base” for the humerus, encourages movement and increases
stability during overhead movements
True
100
T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is a bone to muscle to bone articulation
True
101
T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is not a “true joint” and has no capsular patterns or closed packed position
True
102
Which joint has the ribs gliding on the sternum?
Sternocostal/costosternal joint
103
Which joint has the ribs gliding on the vertebrae?
Vertebrocostal/costovertebral joint
104
What kind of joint is the Vertebrocostal/costovertebral joint?
Gliding joint
105
T or F: The Vertebrocostal/costovertebral joint allows rotation during shoulder movement such as during elevation/depression
True
106
T or F: The sternocostal/costosternal joint includes a series of gliding joints except for the 1st rib (fused)?
True
107
What are two other names for the suprahumeral articulation?
Subdeltoid or subacromial
108
The suprahumeral articulation is between what structures?
Articulation between acromion and coracoacromial
| ligament and arch
109
Is the suprahumeral joint a functional joint or an anatomic joint?
```
Functional joint (as opposed to an anatomic joint) that
protects
```
110
The suprahumeral joint prevents what from happening?
Superior dislocation
111
What four joint mechanics must occur simultaneously to allow for smooth movement (shoulder elevation)?
-Posterior rotation of clavicle at the acromioclavicular amd
sternoclavicular joint
-Depression of the proximal clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint
-Gliding of acromion superior to clavicle
-Rolling of humeral head superiorly
112
What are the three purposes of the scapulohumeral rhythm?
-Distributing motion around two joints increases range of
motion with good stability
-Decreases shear force and increases joint congruency
-Allows the muscles to maintain a good tension and length
113
What is the ratio for the scapulohumeral rhythm?
2:1
114
What three aspects are included in an occupational profile?
- Chart review
- Medical and personal history
- Interview your client, caretaker, family
115
When palpating what should you look at to determine differences in the tissue?
- Muscle tension
- Swelling
- Muscle spasms
- Muscle tone
- Temperature
- Tissue quality (Shape, thickness, direction, “texture”; Moisture; Abnormal sensation)
116
Does how we are positioned affect how we function?
Yes
117
T or F: Proximal control leads to distal stability
True
118
What is the term for the difference in positioning or movement between the scapulae?
Scapular Dyskinesis
119
What should you examine to help with determining whether a subluxation or dislocation is present?
Deltoid contour
120
What can clicking of the humerus suggest?
- May suggest that the glenohumeral joint is loose
| - The humeral head glides back into the fossa
121
What can pain or "clunking" suggest?
Could suggest labral disorders
122
By examining the contour of the shoulder and anterior deltoid you can see if there might be...
-Abnormalities could indicate a fracture
-Spaces in between the joint could indicate a dislocation or
subluxation
