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Kinesiology > Exam 2 Study Cards > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial joint

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2
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial joint

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3
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial joint

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4
Q

What part of the clavicle is easily palpable?

A

Acromial end

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5
Q

What part of the clavicle is flat and rises slightly above

the acromion?

A

Acromial end

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6
Q

What part of the clavicle curves inferiorly?

A

Sternal end

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7
Q

Describe where the convex and concave features are of the clavicle.

A

Convex medially and concave laterally

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8
Q

What two structures does the clavicle articulate with?

A

The scapula and the sternum

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9
Q

What is the joint capsule of the shoulder supported by?

A

The rotator cuff, coracohumeral, superior glenohumeral ligaments

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10
Q

The joint capsule of the shoulder creates what kind of joint pressure?

A

Negative (suctioning)

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11
Q

What is the function of the joint capsule in the shoulder?

A

Suctions in the humeral head into the glenoid labrum

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12
Q

What does the glenoid labrum connect to?

A

Glenohumeral joint capsule, Glenohumeral ligaments, Long head of biceps, Rotator cuff muscles

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13
Q

What is the glenoid labrum composed of?

A

Dense fibrous tissue with few elastic fibers

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14
Q

What are the 6 purposes of the glenoid labrum?

A
  1. Controls joint movement
  2. Load-bearing structure
  3. Protects bone edges
  4. Assist in joint lubrication
  5. Ligament attachment
  6. Increases contact area for articulating regions
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15
Q

The incongruous aspect of the joint…

A

-Allows the humerus to have a wide array of
movements
-Naturally positioned to discourage inferior
subluxation/dislocation

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16
Q

Structurally, what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket joint

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17
Q

Functionally, what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Diarthrotic multiaxial joint

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18
Q

What movements does the glenohumeral joint have?

A

Flexion and Extension; Abduction and Adduction; Internal and External Rotation

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19
Q

What 4 accessory movements does the glenohumeral joint have?

A

Rolling, Spinning, Gliding and Combination

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20
Q

Is the movement in the glenohumeral joint in the same or opposite direction?

A

Opposite

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21
Q

Describe the convex and concave movement of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Rolling of convex humeral head upwards, there is a downward sliding of the concave glenoid fossa

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22
Q

T or F: The convex head of the humerus fits perfectly into the concave glenoid fossa.

A

False

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23
Q

Since the humerus does not fit perfectly into the glenoid fossa, that means the movement is

A

Spin as well as rolling and

gliding/sliding

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24
Q

Since the humerus does not fit perfectly into the glenoid fossa, that prevents impaction between

A

The humeral head on the acromion and coracocacromial ligament

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25
Q

In flexion and extension of the glenohumeral joint, rotation of the humerus is in what plane around what axis?

A

Sagittal plane around a coronal axis

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26
Q

In flexion of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral slides and rolls in what direction?

A

The humeral head slides posteriorly and rolls anteriorly

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27
Q

T or F: In flexion and extension of the glenohumeral joint, it’s primarily a spinning motion
around a fixed point on the
glenoid.

A

True

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28
Q

In abduction and adduction of the glenohumeral joint, rotation of the humerus is in what plane around what axis?

A

Coronal plane around a sagittal axis

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29
Q

In abduction and adduction of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral slides and rolls in what direction?

A

Convex humeral head rolls up and slides downward on the scapula glenoid fossa

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30
Q

In internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, rotation of the humerus is in what plane around what axis?

A

Horizontal plane around a vertical axis

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31
Q

T or F: In external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head simultaneously
rolls posteriorly and slides
anteriorly on the glenoid fossa

A

True

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32
Q

Gravity pulls the humeral head

A

Downward, encouraging adduction

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33
Q

Ligaments attach

A

bone to bone

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34
Q

T or F: Ligaments are as strong as tendons with more fibroelastic tissues

A

True

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35
Q

What are the three ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenohumeral Ligament, Coracohumeral Ligament, Coracoacromial Ligament

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36
Q

T or F: The center of the humeral head is centered on the glenoid
cavity throughout the arc of
movement in the glenohumeral joint.

A

True

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37
Q

Elevation in the plane of the scapula in the glenohumeral joint permits what 5 movements of the scapula and clavicle?

A 
Upward rotation of
the scapula, posterior tilt,
and external rotation with
clavicular elevation and
retraction
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38
Q

T or F: Elevation in the plane of the scapula is approximately 30-45 degrees anterior to the coronal plane

A

True

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39
Q

The sternoclavicular joint articulates with what three structures?

A

The clavical, the manubrium of the sternum, and the first rib cartilage

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40
Q

What are the purpose of intra-articular disks?

A

They are shock absorbers

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41
Q

What two units create gliding in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

-Sternal end of the clavicle
-Manubrium of sternum and
first costal cartilage

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42
Q

Functionally, what 3 kinds of joints is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Diarthrotic triaxial, incongruous saddle shaped (sellar) joint, double gliding joint or a modified ball and socket joint

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43
Q

What are the three axes of freedom of the sternocalvicular joint?

A

Elevation and Depression; Protraction and Retraction; Rotation along the
longitudinal axis

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44
Q

During elevation and depression, the sternoclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?

A

Coronal plane around a sagittal axis

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45
Q

T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint, during superior-inferior gliding, the axis is oblique through the sternal end of clavicle.

A

True

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46
Q

During protraction and retraction, the sternoclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?

A

Horizontal plane around a “nearly” vertical axis

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47
Q

T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint, there is anterior-posterior gliding as the disks moves with the clavicle on the manubrium

A

True

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48
Q

T or F: Rotation along the
longitudinal axis for the sternoclavicular joint is the accessory motion when humerus is above 90 degrees and
scapula is upward rotation

A

True

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49
Q

T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint during rotation along the longitudinal axis, the acromial end is higher and able to elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula

50
Q

During rotation along the longitudinal axis, the sternoclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?

A

Sagittal plane around the coronal axis of the clavicle

51
Q

T or F: The sternoclavicular joint is required for full flexion,
abduction (Without it only 110 degrees of
flexion or abduction can occur)

52
Q

What movements occur at the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Elevation/Depression; Protraction/Retraction; Rotation

53
Q

Describe the convex, concave structures of the sternoclavicular joint. Hint: There are two different convex, concave relationships in this joint for each structure.

A

Medial end of clavicle is convex top-to-bottom (superior to inferior) and concave front-to-back
(anterior to posterior); Manubrium and first costal cartilages are concave superior to inferior and convex anterior to posterior

54
Q

T or F: During elevation and depression of the sternoclavicular joint, the medial clavicle glides in a superior to inferior direction to the upper attachment of the disk

55
Q

What two muscles add to the stability of the superior aspect of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Upper trapezius and deltoid muscles

56
Q

Protraction and retraction of the sternoclavicular joint occurs in what plane around what axis?

A

Horizontal plane around a vertical axis

57
Q

In the sternoclavicular joint, what kind of shaped surface does it have?

A

Saddle shaped surface

58
Q

In extension of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral slides and rolls in what direction?

A

The humeral head slides anteriorly and rolls posteriorly

59
Q

T or F: In the sternoclavicular joint, the clavicle and disk glide anteriorposteriorly on the manubrium, pivoting around inferior attachment of the disk

60
Q

T or F: Rotation of the sternoclavicular joint results in a spin movement.

61
Q

T or F: Rotation of the sternoclavicular joint is the movement of posterior to neutral.

62
Q

T or F: The disk in the sternoclavicular joint participates in movement for the manubrium, clavicle to allow mobility and maintain stability

63
Q

The disk in the sternoclavicular joint is called the

A

Costoclavicular ligament articular disk

64
Q

Do muscles cross the sternoclavicular joint?

A

No, so there is little dynamic stability

65
Q

What 2 ligaments are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior posterior sternoclavicular, interclavicular ligament

66
Q

What two structures does the acromioclavicular joint articulate with. Be specific.

A

Articulation between the
lateral aspect of the clavicle and
the acromion of the scapula

67
Q

T or F: There is limited motion in the acromioclavicular joint.

68
Q

T or F: The articular capsule is weak in the acromioclavicular joint.

69
Q

T or F: Since the articular capsule is weak in the acromioclavicular joint, there is an increased chance of dislocation.

70
Q

What five moments can be performed with the acromioclavicular joint?

A

-Scapular Rotation
-Upward/Downward Rotation of
the Scapula
-Winging
-Tipping

71
Q

Structurally, what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial, plane joint

72
Q

Functionally, what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Diarthrotic, Triaxial, Gliding Joint

73
Q

How many degrees of freedom are in the acromioclavicular joint?

74
Q

What are the 2 different movements in the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. Gliding motion of clavicle and acromion

2. Rotation of the scapula on clavicle

75
Q

Why is it that there are very inconsistent ways to identify movement/axes in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

It is small and every client will present differently

76
Q

The acromioclavicular joint primarily contributes to what movement?

A

Scapular rotation

77
Q

The acromioclavicular joint also contributes to which 2 movements?

A

Winging and tipping

78
Q

On the acromioclavicular joint, which structure is convex?

A

Lateral end of the clavicle

79
Q

On the acromioclavicular joint, which structure is concave?

A

Facet on acromion

80
Q

T or F: All movements (rotation, winging, tipping) of scapula and
clavicle in the acromioclavicular joint are in the same direction.

81
Q

Scapular rotation in the acromioclavicular joint is in what plane around what axis?

A

Coronal plane around a sagittal axis

82
Q

Rotating the scapula allows the glenoid to perform what 2 actions?

A
  • Tilt up (upward rotation)

- Tilt down (downward rotation)

83
Q

T or F: The AC permits the scapula and clavicle to move

differently, instead of as one unit.

84
Q

What is another word for upward rotation?

A

Lateral rotation

85
Q

What word describes this movement: scapula moves so the glenoid cavity faces upward and the inferior angle moves laterally

A

Upward rotation

86
Q

What is another word for downward rotation?

A

Medial rotation

87
Q

What word describes this movement: Scapula moves so the glenoid cavity faces downward and the inferior angle moves medially

A

Downward rotation

88
Q

What word describes this movement: Movement of the medial/vertebral border away from
the chest wall

89
Q

Winging of the scapula occurs in what plane around what axis?

A

Horizontal plane around a

vertical axis

90
Q

What word describes this movement: Posterior displacement of the inferior angle of the scapula

91
Q

What word describes this movement: Top of the scapula moves posteriorly while the
bottom moves towards
the ribs

92
Q

Tipping occurs in what axis?

A

Coronal axis

93
Q

What 3 ligaments are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • Coracoacromial
  • Coracoclavicular
  • Acromioclavicular ligaments
94
Q

T or F: In internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head simultaneously
rolls anteriorly and slides
posteriorly on the glenoid fossa

95
Q

Do muscles directly cross the acromioclavicular joint?

96
Q

What two muscles add to the stability of the superior aspect of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Upper trapezius and deltoid muscles

97
Q

What joint movements are involved in the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Forward Elevation; Protraction/retraction; Elevation/depression; Rotation, Winging, Tipping

98
Q

T or F: The scapula glides on the thoracic in the scapulothoracic joint.

99
Q

T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is a “Moveable base” for the humerus, encourages movement and increases
stability during overhead movements

100
Q

T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is a bone to muscle to bone articulation

101
Q

T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is not a “true joint” and has no capsular patterns or closed packed position

102
Q

Which joint has the ribs gliding on the sternum?

A

Sternocostal/costosternal joint

103
Q

Which joint has the ribs gliding on the vertebrae?

A

Vertebrocostal/costovertebral joint

104
Q

What kind of joint is the Vertebrocostal/costovertebral joint?

A

Gliding joint

105
Q

T or F: The Vertebrocostal/costovertebral joint allows rotation during shoulder movement such as during elevation/depression

106
Q

T or F: The sternocostal/costosternal joint includes a series of gliding joints except for the 1st rib (fused)?

107
Q

What are two other names for the suprahumeral articulation?

A

Subdeltoid or subacromial

108
Q

The suprahumeral articulation is between what structures?

A

Articulation between acromion and coracoacromial

ligament and arch

109
Q

Is the suprahumeral joint a functional joint or an anatomic joint?

A 
Functional joint (as opposed to an anatomic joint) that
protects
110
Q

The suprahumeral joint prevents what from happening?

A

Superior dislocation

111
Q

What four joint mechanics must occur simultaneously to allow for smooth movement (shoulder elevation)?

A

-Posterior rotation of clavicle at the acromioclavicular amd
sternoclavicular joint
-Depression of the proximal clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint
-Gliding of acromion superior to clavicle
-Rolling of humeral head superiorly

112
Q

What are the three purposes of the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

-Distributing motion around two joints increases range of
motion with good stability
-Decreases shear force and increases joint congruency
-Allows the muscles to maintain a good tension and length

113
Q

What is the ratio for the scapulohumeral rhythm?

114
Q

What three aspects are included in an occupational profile?

A
  • Chart review
  • Medical and personal history
  • Interview your client, caretaker, family
115
Q

When palpating what should you look at to determine differences in the tissue?

A
  • Muscle tension
  • Swelling
  • Muscle spasms
  • Muscle tone
  • Temperature
  • Tissue quality (Shape, thickness, direction, “texture”; Moisture; Abnormal sensation)
116
Q

Does how we are positioned affect how we function?

117
Q

T or F: Proximal control leads to distal stability

118
Q

What is the term for the difference in positioning or movement between the scapulae?

A

Scapular Dyskinesis

119
Q

What should you examine to help with determining whether a subluxation or dislocation is present?

A

Deltoid contour

120
Q

What can clicking of the humerus suggest?

A
  • May suggest that the glenohumeral joint is loose

- The humeral head glides back into the fossa

121
Q

What can pain or “clunking” suggest?

A

Could suggest labral disorders

122
Q

By examining the contour of the shoulder and anterior deltoid you can see if there might be…

A

-Abnormalities could indicate a fracture
-Spaces in between the joint could indicate a dislocation or
subluxation

Kinesiology (2 decks)

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