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spring 2024 > exam 3 slhs > Flashcards

exam 3 slhs Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of adults report dysphagia?

A

4%, 1 in 25

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2
Q

apraxia

A

speech disorder that results from an impairment in motor planning and programming for speech

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3
Q

dysarthria

A

speech disorder resulting from weakness, paralysis, or incoordination of the speech production muscles

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4
Q

role of respiratory system in speech production

A

energy source

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5
Q

role of laryngeal system in speech production

A

voicing/phonation

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6
Q

role of articulatory/resonance system in speech production

A

manipulate sounds to produce specific phonemes (articulation)

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7
Q

direct activation pathway

A

one synapse between UMN and LMN. facilitates motor program (STARTS movement)

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8
Q

indirect activation pathway

A

multiple synapse between UMN and LMN. inhibits motor programs (STOPS movement)

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9
Q

role of basal ganglia in speech production

A

direct activation pathway and indirect activatin pathway

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10
Q

role of cerebellum control circuit in speech production

A

fine tuning of movements
aids in timing/force of movements

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11
Q

is apraxia always consistent in errors?

A

NO

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12
Q

trigeminal V cranial nerve

A

pain and touch sensation of the face
anterior 2/3 tongue
motor and sensory

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13
Q

facial VII nerve

A

motor to muscles of facial expression
taste in anteror 2/3 tongue
motor and sensory

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14
Q

glossopharyngeal IX

A

sensation from palate
posterior 1/3 tongue
motor to stylopharyngeus muscle
motor and sensory

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15
Q

vagus X

A

sensation from pharynx, larynx
taste from epiglottis and pharynx
motor to larynx, pharynx, soft palate
motor and sensory

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16
Q

spinal accessory XI

A

motor to strap muscles of the neck
motor

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17
Q

hypoglossal

A

motor to tongue
motor

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18
Q

how many typically developing children report dysphagia?

A

25-50%

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19
Q

how many children with developmental disorders have dysphagia?

A

33-80%

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20
Q

four stages of swallowing

A

oral preparatory
oral transport
pharyngeal
esophageal

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21
Q

bolus

A

a cohesive mass of food that has been chewed and ready to be swallowed

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22
Q

penetration

A

food/liquids fall into the larynx, but remain above the vocal folds

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23
Q

aspiration

A

food/liquids fall below the level of the vocal folds

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24
Q

residue

A

food/liquid left in the oral cavity or pharynx after the swallow is completed

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25
backflow
food/liquid moving backward in the system (from esophagus to phraynx to oral cavity)
26
evaluation steps for dysphagia
screening bedside assessment further evalution such as VFFS or FEES
27
video fluoroscopic assessment (VFFS)
real-time x-ray video of swallowing
28
flexible endoscope evaluation of swallowing (FEES)
flexible endoscope through nose direct visualization of anatomy
29
strategies to manage dysphagia
behavioral: compensatory, rehabilitation medical/surgical
30
what percent of the us has hearing loss?
20%
31
what is the threshold at which someone is considered deaf
90 db
32
conductive hearing loss
damage to outer and middle ear usually medically treatable
33
sensorineural hearing loss
damage to inner ear usually not directly treatable
34
otoscope
small device used to **examine ear drum and ear canal** early step in assessment
35
audiometer
Specialized piece of equipment which contains controls that allows audiologist to **select, manipulate, and present various stimuli, such as tone and speech, to assess hearing**
36
ty**m**ponameter
checks for signs of **problems with the middle ear**
37
vestibulocochlear nerve
Responsible for the senses of hearing (via cochlear nerve) and balance (via vestibular nerve)
38
hearing deficits that hearing aids address
decreased audibility decreased dynamic range abnormal loudness growth decreased frequency resolution
39
five components of hearing aid
microphone digital signal processor amplifier receiver battery
40
what cues do cochlear implant users rely on to understand speech?
envelope cues
41
external components of cochlear implants (6)
microphones sound processor coil cable coil magnet battery module
42
internal components of cochlear implants (3)
internal magnet receiver Electrode array (number, type, configuration)
43
examples of hearing assistive technologies (HAT)
large area induction loops FM system bluetooth
44
Meniere's disease
episodes of severe spinning vertigo lasting **30 minutes or longer** for most patients often accompanied by **roaring or other flunctuating noise **in one ear/or a **sense of fullness** in the affected ear
45
what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?
more common inner ear dizziness typically easily treated, but can reoccur tiny calcium deposits get lodged in the wrong part of the inner ear
46
nystagmus
vision condition in which the eyes make **repetitive, uncontrolled movements**, often resulting in blurred visions, particularly with head movements **both eyes cannot hold steady on objects being viewed**
47
gold standard for vestibular dysfunction
ocular motor testing positional/positioning tests caloric testing
48
how many americans are unable to use speech to express wants/needs?
4 million
49
what is augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)?
compensates for temporary or permanent impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of persons with severe disorders of speech-language production or comprehension
50
direct selection AAC
a way to access a message in which the AAC user indicates his choice by **using a body part**
51
scanning AAC
message selection technique in which **terms are presented sequentially** for an individual who cannot use direct selection **can't use body parts**
52
iconicity/transparent signs AAC
describes how much symbols **readily depict their referents** (how much they look like what they are suppsed to)
53
opaque AAC
used to describe symbols in which there is little or no visual relationship to their referents (they don't look like what they are supposed to)
54
signs
gestures that have been FORMALIZED. consist of rules regarding form and use ASL
55
gestures
NO conventional constraints. concrete, no rules
56
FM system
Uses a **frequency-modulated or radio-frequency signal** (covers long distances) to transmit the sound source via conventional radio frequencies (channels) and FM receiver coupled to a speaker, headphone, or BTE device **Transmitter & receiver must be on the same channel**
57
parts of HAT
**receive** sound source from microphone or electrical connection **transmit** signal **couple** (receives signal and output to the ear) **transceiver** devices (receive/transmit)
58
why do we need compression for hearing aids to work?
increases: dynamic range loudness growth of sounds
59
poor air conduction and bone conduction
conductive HL
60
bedside assessment - dysphagia
case history information assessment of anatomy and physiology of head and neck and general health status assessment of quick cognition and communication food trials at the bedside
61
aspiration
when food enters the lungs

spring 2024 (4 decks)

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