COM 114 basics

Question 1

straw person

Answer 1

misrepresents a person or organization by substituting then with a distorted version

Question 2

red herring

Answer 2

a method in which an irrelevant topic will be brought into discussion to distract from the real issue

Question 3

ad hominem

Answer 3

an irrelevant personal attack against a specific person or group rather than their argument

Question 4

slipper slope

Answer 4

asserts that some action will inevitably lead to a chain of events that end in a certain result. One step will lead to a disastrous outcome.

Question 5

False analogy

Answer 5

makes a comparison between two objects that seem to have similar characteristics but are actually different in that area (caffeine addicts are no better than alcoholics)

Question 6

what is inoculation theory

Answer 6

preventative

Inoculation protects people against disinformation by teaching them to spot and refute a misleading claim. Inoculation messages can build up people’s resistance or “mental antibodies” to encountering misinformation in the future, the way vaccines create antibodies that fight against future infection.

Question 7

directional transition

Answer 7

used to move between main points

Question 8

internal review transition

Answer 8

lie in main points and reiterate what has already been said

Question 9

internal preview transition

Answer 9

lie in main points and show the reader what is ahead

Question 10

signpost

Answer 10

alert the audience to the exact location in the presentation (in summary, the first cause, the most important point)

Question 11

adaptors

Answer 11

reveal things about how we’re feeling and our internal state, could convey anxiety, excitement, etc

ex: twiddling thumbs

Question 12

enablers

Answer 12

Enablers of communication are those entities that facilitate the effective communication between sender and receiver. Some of the enablers of communication are empathy, active listening, respect of the speaker’s culture and clarity.

Question 13

emblems

Answer 13

gestures that can be directly translated into verbal language (peace sign, thumbs up, etc)

Question 14

illustrators

Answer 14

most common, are used to enhance and accompany the verbal message, but can’t be used without words

For example, you might use hand gestures to indicate the size or shape of an object.

Question 15

question of fact ex

Answer 15

Who scored the most points in the NBA last season?

Question 16

question of policy ex

Answer 16

Should
universities provide birth control to students?

Question 17

question of intent

Answer 17

can be used in campaign speeches, a speaker will lay out promises to the audience that they intend to “keep”

Question 18

question of value ex

Answer 18

Who was the most effective political speaker during the twentieth
century?

Question 19

efficacy

Answer 19

this method can be used in persuasive speeches and can accompany a specific appeal. It is used to make the audience feel as if they can accomplish necessary tasks, so the speaker can produce the intended result. (make the audience aware of steps they can take to quit smoking)