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Pharm 1 > Exam 3 - Sedative-Hypnotics > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Sedative-Hypnotics Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction to Insomnia…

A

Insomnia can be quite distressing to clients. It can disrupt a person’s ability to function the next day and may threaten a person’s physical safety, mental well being, and physical health.

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2
Q

4 examples of the cause/pathophysiology of Insomnia…

A
  1. Pain
  2. Night shift work
  3. Major life stressors
  4. Psychiatric illnesses (depression, anxiety disorders, etc.)
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3
Q

Another term for “sleep habits”…

A

Poor sleep hygiene

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4
Q

Common cause of Insomnia…

A

poor sleep habits/sleep hygiene

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5
Q

Clients suffering from Insomnia should…

A
  • establish a bedtime
  • avoid daytime naps
  • limit caffeine use
  • avoid bright lights before bedtime
  • avoid alcohol
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6
Q

How does alcohol worsen Insomnia…

A

disrupts the sleep cycle…especially REM cycles…poor sleep quality

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7
Q

Clients with Insomnia exhibit signs/symptoms at night…

A

falling asleep, staying asleep, or feeling refreshed by sleep

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8
Q

Clients with Insomnia daytime symptoms or signs…

A

daytime drowsiness, impaired mood, difficulty concentrating, memory problems

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9
Q

Before prescribing a sedative (or any medication…) we should…

A

perform an assessment to determine the cause or root of the issue

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10
Q

Example of an underlying cause of Insomnia…

A

depression or poor sleep habits…clients should work to correct these FIRST

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11
Q

Hypnotics are used ONLY as…

A

the last “resort”

try to correct behavioral or psychological issues FIRST

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12
Q

5 Medication options for insomnia…

A
  1. Antihistamines (Benadryl, diphenhydramine)
  2. Melatonin agents
  3. Benzodiazepines
  4. Miscellaneous Antidepressants
  5. Benzodiazepine-LIKE drugs
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13
Q

Most OTC sleep aids contain…

A

diphenhydramine

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14
Q

Mechanism of Antihistamines for sleep…

A

block histamine receptors in the brain causing drowsiness

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15
Q

A hormone the brain secretes when eyes are exposed to darkness…

A

Melatonin

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16
Q

Is Melatonin OTC?…

A

yeppers

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17
Q

Mechanism of Melatonin…

A

helps to regulate the bodies sleep-wake cycles…

“calibrate bodies clock”

18
Q

Melatonin is classified as a…

A

dietary supplement…it has not been rigorously tested

19
Q

A prescription-only medication that activates melatonin receptors in the brain…

A

Ramelteon

20
Q

Difference of Melatonin and Ramelton…

A

Ramelton is more selective and does NOT activate MT3 receptors (receptor that does not promote sleep…Melatonin does activate this)
…making Ramelton a superior sleep aid

21
Q

Ramelton does not cause…

A

addiction or withdrawal issues

22
Q

Ramelton good for:

and bad for:…

A

good for: inducing sleep

bad for: nighttime awakenings (does not help you fall back asleep)

23
Q

What are the miscellaneous antidepressants discussed in lecture…

A

Trazadone and Doxepin

24
Q

2 points about Trazadone…

A
  1. has strong sedative properties

2. perscribed as a sleep-inducing agent

25
Q

2 points about Doxepin…

A
  1. it is an old TCA

2. prescribed as a sleep aid

26
Q

Benzodiazepines are effective sleep aids but can cause…

A
  • physical dependence
  • addiction
  • difficulty to withdrawal from
27
Q

What are Benzodiazepine-like drugs…

A

they are newer developments of traditional Benzodiazepines

28
Q

3 Benzodiazepine-like drugs primarily prescribed…

A 
1. Eszopiclone 
(es-ZOP-i-klone)
2. Zaleplon 
(za-LEP-lon)
3. Zolpidem 
(ZOLE-pi-dem)
29
Q

Benzo-like drugs are also called…

A

Z-drugs

30
Q

Benzo-like drugs are ONLY used for…

A

insomnia

31
Q

Mechanism of Benzo-like drugs…

A
  • activate benzodiazepine1 receptors
  • more selective to the benzodiazepine1 receptors
  • mainly get the sleep effect
32
Q

2 Types of receptors on the brain activated on by Benzo and Benzo-like drugs and their effects…

A
  1. benzodiazepine1 (one) receptors = sedation or sleep

2. benzodiazepine2 (two) receptor = decrease anxiety and can stop seizure activity.

33
Q

Benzo-like drugs are less likely to cause…

A

physical dependence and addiction…BUT still not meant for long-term use

34
Q

Benzo-like drugs are classified as…

A

CNS depressants

35
Q

Warnings for clients taking Benzo-like drugs…

A

never combine with another depressant like alcohol

36
Q

Common daytime symptom of Benzo-like drugs…

A

daytime sleepiness

37
Q

Preferred time to take Benzo-like drugs…

A

just before bedtime on an empty stomach

38
Q

Daytime sleepiness is not likely with…

A

Zaleplon

39
Q

Why is daytime sleepiness is not likely with Zaleplon…

A

has a half-life of just 1 hour…can be taken as late as 3 AM

40
Q

Weird symptom/adverse effect of Benzo-like drugs…

A

complex sleep behaviors…performing tasks while asleep and having no memory of doing them when they awake

Pharm 1 (4 decks)

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