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Genetics > Exam 3 sample questions > Flashcards

Exam 3 sample questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of postzygotic isolation?

A

Behavioral isolation

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2
Q

If we have a population of 10,000 gorillas but only 1,000 of them are mating, what is the effective population size?

A

1000

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3
Q

Which of the following terms best describes an ancestral character state?

A

Pleiomorphic

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4
Q

Which of the following is TRUE for both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Both organelles can make ATP

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5
Q

Which of the following extranuclear genomes use a modified genetic code?

A

Fungus mtDNA

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6
Q

In the phylogenetic tree below, the tuna and wale are shown as sister taxa, which is clearly incorrect because whales are mammals, and should be closely related to hippos and monkeys. This incorrect result is from character #1, the Dorsal fin. Given this information, what kind of character is Character 1?

A

Homoplasy

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7
Q

The shared character of a dorsal fin between porpoises and sharks is an example of what?

A

Homoplasy

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8
Q

Recall the example we discussed in class with snapdragons- if we have 25 homozygous dominant red flowers, 50 heterozygous pink flowers, and 25 homozygous recessive white flowers, calculate the frequency of p (dominant allele frequency)

A

0.50

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9
Q

Let’s say we have a population of frogs that have a red allele (0.45 frequency), a green allele (0.30 frequency) and a purple allele (0.25 frequency). What is the probability that the green allele will become fixed in the population?

A

0.50

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10
Q

As explained in the emerald labyrinth, plasmodium falciparum is a protist parasite that causes which of the following deadly diseases?

A

Malaria

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11
Q

Which of the following people is NOT directly involved in the history of Congo?

A

Nelson Mandela

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about Neanderthals is TRUE?

A

Neanderthals had a larger brain than the homo sapiens humans

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13
Q

Which of the following is an assumption of the Hardy- Weinberg principle?

a. Mating is random, or a panmictic
b. The population is infinitely large
c. All individuals have equal probabilities of survival and reproduction
d. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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14
Q

Which of the following term is the best one to describe a situation where species with many autapomorphies will be chosen as sister groups, when in reality they are not?

A

Long-branch attraction

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15
Q

In the YouTube Video about Dr. Greenbaum’s research (made for the Centennial Museum exhibit), which of the following incidents is described?

A

Spitting cobra venom in the eye

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16
Q

Which of the following terms best describes a situation where a small number of individuals establishes a new population. The new population will experience genetic drift because of its small population size, and may lose some rare alleles from the original population.

A

Founder effect

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17
Q

Which of the following species concepts does not work for asexual species?

A

Biological species concept

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18
Q

According to the end of the short YouTube video, you watch about Dr. Greenbaum’s
research, as well as Emerald Labyrinth, why do all of us need to be concerned about conserving rainforests in Congo?
a. The forests remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, reducing the negative effects of global climate change

b. The United States housing industry obtains most of its lumber (wood) from forests in Congo
c. BothA&B
d. None of the above

A

C. Both A & B

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19
Q

According to the short video you watched about Dr. Greenbaum’s research for the
Centennial Museum exhibit, what is a cryptic species?

A

A species that has an identical morphology to another similar species, but is
genetically different

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20
Q

In Hardy- Weinberg (HW) Calculations, what does it mean when the genotype frequencies do NOT sum to 1?

A

The calculations were done incorrectly

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21
Q

Which of the following men wrote an essay entitled, “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution”?

A

Theodosius Dobzhansky

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22
Q

Which of the following resources can be found in cell phones and is a valuable resource that is funding dangerous militias in Congo?

A

tantalum (coltan)

23
Q

Consider an example where a population of birds that lives on the mainland of a continent, perhaps North America, is blown out to sea in a storm, eventually settling on Hawaii. The population establishes itself on the island and never returns to the mainland, eventually becoming its own distinct species. What mode of speciation is this?

A

Peripatric Speciation

24
Q

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is TRUE?
a. Genetic drift can only impact existing alleles and reduce allelic variation in a
population
b. Genetic drift is the change in the frequency of an allele in a population that occurs
because of random chance
c. Genetic drift occurs rapidly and has a larger effect in small populations in
comparison to larger populations
d. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

25
Q

Which of the following statements about the mitochondrion are TRUE?
a. Has an interior membrane with deep folds where ATP synthesis occurs
b. Contains unique DNA that is different in many ways from the cell’s nuclear
genome
c. mtDNA can replicate at any phase of the cell cycle d. all of the above

A

D. All of the above

26
Q

Which of the following terms best describes a situation where there is a reduction of fitness (survival and/or reproductive output) resulting from an increase in deleterious homozygous recessive alleles because of mating between closely related individuals?

A

Inbreeding depression

27
Q

According to the unpublished study of Congo Basin toads discussed in class, which of the following processes is responsible for the pattern of widespread cryptic species?

A

The formation of forest refugia during cooler temperatures in the Miocene 10 million years ago

28
Q

In mammals, mitochondrial extranuclear inheritance occurs maternally over 99% of the
time. Why is this?

A

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited on the x- chromosome

29
Q

Which of the following terms refers to a group that includes a common ancestor and ALL of its descendants?

A

Monophyletic

30
Q

Which of these describes a population that do not overlap, but are just adjacent to each other?

A

Parapatric

31
Q

A mutation from A -> a would be considered a

A

Forward mutation

32
Q

The smaller the population, bigger the effect of genetic drift

A

True

33
Q

What happens when you have a small founder bottleneck?

A

Heterozygosity decreases

34
Q

What is the probability that neutral allele become fixed?

A

Equal to the initial frequency

35
Q

Allele or haplotype frequencies fluctuate randomly in a deme, and eventually one allele
or haplotype will become fixed

A

True

36
Q

Which one of these is NOT a way effective population size can be reduced?

a. If generations overlap
b. A sex ratio that is 2:1
c. Fluctuations in population size
d. Natural selection increases variation of certain phenotypes

A

b. A sex ration is 2:1

37
Q

In inbreeding depression when alleles are identical by state that means…

A

Two copies are identical, but are descended from two different copies

38
Q

What does Fixation Index (Fst) measure?

A

Variation in a locus for two alleles among populations

39
Q

What does mitochondrial DNA lack?

A

Histone Proteins

40
Q

What does animal mitochondrial mRNA lack?

A

Introns

41
Q

mtDNA cannot replicate at any phase of the cycle

A

False

42
Q

Why do male mitochondria not contribute to the zygote?

A

Only head of sperm enters the egg

43
Q

Which of these men first explored the congo?

A

Henry Stanley

44
Q

The Peacock spider dance is an example of what type of reproductive isolation?

A

Prezygotic

45
Q

Who coined the phrase “nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution?

A

Theodosius Dobzhansky

46
Q

Which model of speciation occurs when a physical barrier geographically separates a population?

A

Allopatric speciation

47
Q

What would you call the evolution of wings in both birds and moths?

A

Homoplasy

48
Q

What type of mutation is the most common?

A

Transition (Purine -> Purine, Pyrimidine -> Pyrimidine)

49
Q

What did the FOXP2 gene in Neaderthals find?

A

They could talk to some degree

50
Q

What hypothesis ended up being true about the method of speciation in the congo?

A

Refuge hypothesis- metapopulations

51
Q

Which dictator seized power as a dictator in a coup, and ended up stealing billions of
dollars from the international community?

A

Mobutu

52
Q

Who allied with Uganda and Rwanda to fight the Hutu, and marched to the capital to become president? This person also restored the Congo name

A

Laurent Kabila

53
Q

Which leader was elected to prime minister in 1960, and was assassinated by the CIA after
he sought an alliance with the Soviet Union?

A

Patrice Lumumba

Genetics (3 decks)

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