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Behavioural Pharmacology (ADCS 3140) > Exam 3 - Revised > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Revised Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not an antidepressant drug?

A

All of the above are antidepressants

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2
Q

Main ingredients in opium

A

codeine, morphine, and thebaine

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3
Q

Correct order of potency (potent to most potent)

A

codeine, morphine, heroin, fentanyl

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4
Q

Appropriate use for Lithium

A

Bipolar

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5
Q

Heroin was originally used for?

A

Coughing

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6
Q

An appropriate use for disulfram (Antabuse) is

A

Alcohol abuse

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7
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a

A

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

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8
Q

Stimulants and opiates…(Pupil size)

A

Stimulants increase pupil size and opiates decrease puil size

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a major producer of opium?

A

United States

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10
Q

The generic chemical name for Imodium is

A

Loperamide

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11
Q

Opiates can be used to treat

A

All of the above

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12
Q

An appropriate use for SSRIs is

A

All of the anove

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13
Q

Which of the following has the longest duration of effect?

A

Buprenorphine

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14
Q

An appropriate medical use for clozapine (Clozaril) is

A

Schizophrenia

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15
Q

Medication to treat schizophrenia targets which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

Moclobemide (Manerix) is a

A

MAO inhibitor

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17
Q

An appropriate use for lorazepam (Ativan) is

A

Acute Anxiety

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18
Q

Appropriate use for lisdexafetamine (Vyvanse) is

A

ADHD

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19
Q

An appropriate medical use for carbamazepine (Tegretol) is

A

Bipolar

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20
Q

Which of the following is not a typical side effect of SSRIs?

A

Loss of appetite

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21
Q

Roughly what percentage of North American adults have taken a prescription drug in the last month?

A

50%

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22
Q

What psychoactive ingredient is found in willow bark?

A

Aspirin

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23
Q

Opioids differ form each other in

A

All of the above

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24
Q

The main difference between opioids and opiates is that?

A

Opioids are synthetic and opiates are natural

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25
Q

The proper chemical name for aspirin is

A

Acetlsalicilic Acid

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26
Q

WHich of the following medications is effective for anorexia?

A

None of the above

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27
Q

Opiate and opioid OD is caused by

A

Respiratory failure

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28
Q

The main psychoactive drug in opium is

A

Morphine

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29
Q

An appropriate medical use for SSRIs is

A

All of the above

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30
Q

If someone with ADHD was intolerant to amphetamines and methylphenidate (ritalin), the next best thing would be?

A

Bupropion

31
Q

Suboxone is

A

Buprenorphine combined with naloxone

32
Q

Which drug would you give for an opioid OD

A

Naloxone

33
Q

An acute manic episode is best treated with

A

Antipsychotics

34
Q

Which of the following is not an opiate?

A

Codeine

35
Q

Medication to treat schizophrenia usually targets which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

36
Q

Opium is derived from

A

Poppy Plants

37
Q

Opiates mimic which neurotransmitters?

A

Endorphins

38
Q

The increase in drug use in Canada in the past 30 years is primarily due to increased use of

A

Antidepressants

39
Q

Which of the following is false (Benadryl)

A

Benadryl is an amphetamine

40
Q

Which of the following is false? (Caffeine)

A

Caffeine works just as well as amphetamines for treatment of ADHD

41
Q

Which of the following is false (stimulant medication)

A

Stimulant medication reliably improves the academic performance in ADHD children

42
Q

Which of the following is false (mental health medication Europe)

A

Use of mental health medication is higher in Europe compared to North America

43
Q

Which of the following is false? (Antipsychotics)

A

Zolpidem (Ambien) is an antipsychotic

44
Q

Which of the following is false (Stimulant medication and behaviour)

A

Stimulant medication does not improve on-task behaviour with majority of children with ADHD

45
Q

Which of the following is false? (Neurotransmitters)

A

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are used for Bipolar disorder

46
Q

Which of the following is false (Phenotiazines)

A

Phenotiazines cause an increase in emotionality

47
Q

Which of the following is false (Melatonin)

A

Melatonin is inneffective for insomnia

48
Q

Which of the following is false concerning opiates/ opioids? - Lipid Solubility

A

Highly lipid-soluble

49
Q

Which is false concerning peripherally acting analgesics?

A

Aspirin is derived from poplar trees

50
Q

Which of the following is false concerning peripherally acting analgesics?

A

Aspirin prevents diabetes

51
Q

Which of the following is false concerning opiates and opioids?

A

Laudanum is opium combined with cocaine

52
Q

Which peripherally acting analgesic for pain should you take in the following situations a: a child with gastrointestinal problems and b: an adult with cardiovascular problems

A

A: Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B: Aspirin or Naproxen

53
Q

Identify an appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for panic disorder

A
  • Pharmaceutical: SSRIs, SNRIs, Tricyclics, Benzodiazepines
  • Non-Pharmaceutical: Desensitization, Relaxation training, Cognitive restructuring
54
Q

Identify 2 modern medicinal uses for opaites and/ or opioids

A
  • Pain
  • Coughing
  • Diarrhea
  • Anesthesia
  • Treatment of addictions
55
Q

How do amphetamines work in treating ADHD?

A

Stimualte reward centre of brain making things more intrinsically interesting

56
Q

Why do psychotropic medications increase the chronicity of mental health problems?

A

Cause down-regulation of nautrally occuring neurotransmitters, so difficult to withdraw from the drug

57
Q

Identify 1) Medication that successfully treats alcohol addiction 2) a drug substitution treatment for alcohol addiction

A

1- Naltrexone, acamprosate, topiramate, disulfram (antabuse)
2- Benzodiazepines

58
Q

What accounts for signifcant increase in people taking prescription medications in Canada?

A
  • Family physicans being main health practitioners
  • Patients looking for ‘quick fix’
  • Wide range of mental health conditions that can be treated
  • Anxiety, depression, mania, schizophrenia, ADHD, autism, bulimia, dementia, sexual disorders, drug abuse
  • Relatively mid short-term side affects
59
Q

Name 4 most common peripherally acting analgesics

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  3. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
  4. Naproxen (Aleve)
  5. Diclofenac (Voltarin)
60
Q

How do amphetamines work in treating ADHD?

A

Stimulate reward centre of the brain making things more intrinsically rewarding

61
Q

Identify an appropriate pharmaceutcial and non-pharmaceutical treatment for treating OCD

A
  • Pharmaceuticals: SSRIs, clomipramine
  • Desensitization with response prevention, cognitive restructuring
62
Q

Explain how exercise produces an elevated mood

A
  • Reduces cortisol
  • Increased blood flow to the brain
  • Elevates endorphines, endocannabinoids, and BDNF
63
Q

Identify an appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for children with ADHD

A
  • Pharmaceutical: Methylphenidate, Amphetamines, Bupropion, EmpowerPlus, Omega 3 fatty acids
  • Non-Pharmaceutical: Behaviour modification programs, more engaging individualized interactive classrooms, exercise
64
Q

Identify an appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for insomnia

A
  • Pharmaceutical: Melatonin, antihistamines, nonbenzodiazepine, cannabis
  • Non-Pharmaceutical: Regular sleep schedule, no daytime naps, no caffeine after supper, exercise during the day, meditation, minimize bright light at night and maximize in the morning, using bed only for sleep and getting out of bed when not sleepy
65
Q

Identify and appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for generalized anxiety

A
  • Pharmaceutical: Buspirone (buspar), antidepressants, pregabalin (lyrica), Gabapentin (neuroontin), abecarnil, bretazenil
  • Non-Pharmaceutical: Cognitive restructuring, exercise, meditation, relaxation training, perhaps omega-3 fatty acids
66
Q

Indicate some long-term effects of opioid use

A
  • Profound tolerance and strong dependence
  • If it is illegally sourced, it can lead to crime
  • Constipation, indigestion, nausea
  • Increased risk of sexual dysfunction, fatigue, depression, sleep apnea, neuropsychological deficits, and increased sensitivity to pain
67
Q

Neurobiological Mechanism of Peripherally Acting Analgesics

A

Inhibit enzymes related to production of prostaglandins (lipids having hormone-like effects), which mediate pain, inflammation, and fever

68
Q

Neurochemical Mechanism of Phenothiazines

A

Reduces dopaminergic activity in 3 principal dopmainergic systems (limbic pituitary, and basal ganglia) by blocking D2 dopamine receptors. Also causes downstream effect of RAS depression and a decrease in the release of Ach

69
Q

Neurochemical Mechanism of Lithium

A

Decreases neural responsiveness of NE and/or dopamine and/or serotonin neurons by allowing lithium ions to substitute for sodium ions during an action potential

70
Q

Neurochemical Mechanism of Opiates

A

Mimicks endogenous opiates (endorphins, dysnorphins, and enkelphalines), which inhibits neurotransmission; in spinal cord to inhibit substance P release; in VTA inhibits GABA neurons thus disinhibiting dopaminergic neurons and increasing dopamine input in nucleus accumbens

71
Q

Neurochemical Mechanism of Methylphenidate

A

Dopamine reuptake inhibtor and very weak norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Increase activity of the reward system and prefrontal cortex

72
Q

Neurochemical Mechanism of Amphetamines

A

Increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine inhibiting reuptake

73
Q

Neurochemical Mechanism of Benzodiazepines

A

Behavioural Pharmacology (ADCS 3140) (5 decks)

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