exam 3 review Flashcards
What is the Bureaucracy?
Executive branch departments, agencies, boards, and commissions that carry out the responsibilities of the federal government.
Define regularlations?
regulations are guidelines issued by federal agencies for administering federal programs and implementing federal law.
define cabinet
a set of executive departments responsible for carrying out federal policy in specific issue areas.
what are cabinet secretaries?
Heads of cabinet departments and chief advisers to the president on the issues under their jurisdiction.
cabinet level agency
executive department
define Federal register
the official published record of all executive branch rules, regulations, and orders
what is the office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Federal agency that oversees the federal budget and all federal regulations.
define independent agency
a federal organization that has independent authority and does not operate within a cabinet department
define federal regulatory commission
a federal agency typically run by a small number of officials, known as commissioners, who are appointed by the president for fixed terms and oversee economic or political issues.
Pendleton Act - 1883
An act that established a merit- and performance-based system for federal employment.
Civil Service Commission
Created by the Pendleton Act to administer entrance exams for the federal civil service and set standards for promotion based on merit.
merit system
System of employment under which employees are chosen and promoted based on merit.
civil service
The nonpartisan federal workforce employed to carry out government programs and policies.
political appointees
Federal employees appointed by the president with the explicit task of carrying out his political and partisan agenda.
whistleblowers
snitches Employees who report mismanagement, corruption, or illegal activity within their agencies.
What Are Interest Groups?
Groups of citizens who share a common interest—a political opinion, religious or ideological belief, a social goal, or an economic characteristic— and try to influence public policy to benefit themselves
right of association
Right to freely associate with others and form groups, as protected by the First Amendment.
define faction
Defined by Madison as any group that places its own interests above the aggregate interests of society
right of petition
Right to ask the government for assistance with a problem or to express opposition to a government policy, as protected by the First Amendment.
define lobbying
Act of trying to persuade elected officials to adopt a specific policy change or maintain the status quo.
define unions
employment and seek better wages and working conditions through collective bargaining with employers
what is the grassroots movement
Group that forms in response to an economic or political event but does not focus on only one issue.
economic interest group
Group formed to advance the economic status of its members
ideological interest groups
Groups that form among citizens with the same beliefs about a specific issue.
citizens’ groups
Groups that form to draw attention to purely public issues that affect all citizens equally.
single-issue groups
Groups that form to present one view on a highly salient issue that is intensely important to members, such as gun control or abortion
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs):
Organizations independent of governments that monitor and improve political, economic, and social conditions throughout the world.
inside strategy
A strategy employed by interest groups to pursue a narrow policy change and influence legislators directly rather than using a wider grassroots approach.
political action committees (PACs)
Groups formed to raise and contribute funds to support electoral candidates and that are subject to campaign finance laws.
pluralist
View of democratic society in which interest groups compete over policy goals, and elected officials are mediators of group conflict.
special interests
Set of groups seeking a particular benefit for themselves in the policy process.
issue network
View of the relationship among interest groups, members of Congress, and federal agencies as more fluid, open, and transparent than that described by the term iron triangle
revolving door
Movement of members of Congress, lobbyists, and executive branch employees into paid positions in each other’s organizations.
One – Monarchy Tyranny
Few – Aristocracy Oligarchy
Many – Polis Democracy (mob rule)
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