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Exam 3 review Flashcards

1
Q

Only seventeen atoms are needed to make me. I am present in the stinging hairs of the plants in the
Urticaceae. I am also made by mast cells in your body. I can severe allergies and reactions when I get into
the bloodstream. I am not serotonin/acetylcholine. Who am I?
A. atropine
B. lycorine
C. vomitoxin
D. emetine
E. none is correct

A

E. None is correct (Histamine)

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2
Q

The gut microbiome includes microorganisms such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, Enterococcus among
several others.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following steps of a typical action potential are correctly ordered from start to finish?
    A. Stimulus, Depolarization, Repolarization, Threshold
    B. Stimulus, Depolarization, Repolarization, Hyperpolarization
    C. Stimulus, Depolarization, Hyperpolarization, Repolarization
    D. Stimulus, Hyperpolarization, Repolarization, Depolarization
A

B. Stimulus, Depolarization, Repolarization, Hyperpolarization

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4
Q
  1. Na+ is at a lower concentration outside the cell than inside the cell while K+ is at a lower concentration inside the cell than outside the cell.
    A. True
    B. False
A

B. False

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5
Q
  1. Aconite alkaloids are heart toxins that are produced by members of which family?
    A. Solanaceae
    B. Anacardiaceae
    C. Ranunculaceae
    D. None of the above
A

C. Ranunculaceae
produced by aconite spp. (monkshood)

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT an effect of taxine B poisoning?
    A. Cardiac Arrest
    B. Death
    C. Hyperhidrosis
    D. Hypotension
A

C. Hyperhidrosis

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following are NOT cardiac toxins?
    A. Aconite Alkaloids
    B. Cardiac Glycosides
    C. Tropane Alkaloids
    D. Taxus Alkaloids
A

C. Tropane Alkaloids

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct mechanism of toxicity for cardiac glycosides?
    A. Agonist of the Na+-K+ pump responsible for maintaining membrane potential in cells
    B. Antagonist of the Na+-K+ pump responsible for active transport across the plasma membrane
    C. Agonist of the Na+-K+ pump responsible for active transport across the plasma membrane
    D. Antagonist of the Na+-K+ pump responsible for maintaining membrane potential in cells
A

B. Antagonist of the Na+-K+ pump responsible for active transport across the plasma membrane

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9
Q
  1. Adult monarch butterflies feed on Asclepias spp. making the butterfly toxic for predators to consume.
    A. True
    B. False
A

B. False

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10
Q
  1. Which method of use renders the oleandrin in Nerium oleander non-toxic?
    A. Using it as a stirring stick for tea
    B. Using it as a skewer to cook food
    C. Smoking the dried plant
    D. All of the above methods render oleandrin non-toxic
    E. None of the above methods render oleandrin non-toxic
A

E. None of the above methods render oleandrin non-toxic

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11
Q
  1. Development of pain medications that target the TRP receptors in the peripheral nervous system to treat
    chronic pain is preferable to opioid analgesics due to which of the following reasons?
    A. will act specifically on the peripheral nervous system and not the central nervous system
    B. there is low risk of addiction since the brain is not targeted
    C. to help prevent the Cannabis plant from extinction
    D. two are correct
    E. all are correct
A

D. two are correct
A and B correct

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12
Q
  1. When cardiac glycosides block a pump responsible for making the sodium gradient, involvement of which
    “transport protein” subsequently causes the accumulation of an intracellular ion leading to chaotic intense
    contractions of the heart muscle?
    A. Sucrose- H+ cotransporter
    B. Na+-Ca++ exchanger
    C. Glut4 transporter
    D. Arginine-Na+ cotransporter
    E. Glut1 transporter
A

B. Na+-Ca++ exchanger

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13
Q
  1. One of the drugs that is used to treat cardiac glycoside toxicity is:
    A. a piperidine alkaloid
    B. a glycoalkaloid
    C. a quinolizidine alkaloid
    D. a tropane alkaloid
    E. None is correct
A

D. a tropane alkaloid

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14
Q
  1. Antagonists cooperate with agonists for binding to their receptor leading to increased cellular response.
    A. True
    B. False
A

B. False

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15
Q
  1. Digoxin is excreted by the kidney. Digitoxin is metabolized by the liver. In patients with reduced kidney
    function, which would be a better drug to treat systolic heart failure?
    A. Digoxin
    B. Digitoxin
    C. Both drugs are equally preferable
    D. None of the drugs may be used
A

B. Digitoxin

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?
    A. relatively low concentration in healthy individuals
    B. increased concentration in response to injury or disease
    C. cytokines are cell communication proteins
    D. induced by some plant and fungal polysaccharides
    E. all are correct
A

E. all are correct

17
Q
  1. Your friends are mixing the blue ink of the Larkspur (Delphinium spp) with alum. You warn them that it is a
    dangerous idea because they contain toxins that:
    A. that antagonize the sodium-potassium pump
    B. that antagonize sodium and calcium channels
    C. that antagonize the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
    D. keep the sodium channels open for longer duration
    E. none is correct
A

D. keep the sodium channels open for longer duration

18
Q
  1. AraH protein also known as _____ is found in peanuts and causes allergies in susceptible individuals.
    A. nodularin
    B. amanitin
    C. vicillin
    D. cyclosporin
    E. abrin
A

C. vicillin

19
Q
  1. Assuming you do not suffer from pollen allergies, which plant genus might be safest for you to sit close to?
    A. Hippomane
    B. Dendrocnide
    C. Ecballium
    D. Quercus
A

D. Quercus

20
Q
  1. Plant genus that does not belong to the same family as the others?
    A. Tylophora
    B. Adonis
    C. Catharanthus
    D. Nerium
    E. Tabernathe
A

B. Adonis

21
Q
  1. Related to different amino acids, which statement is incorrect?
    A. Histamine is derived from histidine and serotonin is derived from tryptophan
    B. Nitric oxide is generated using arginine as precursor
    C. None is correct
    D. Both are correct
A

D. Both are correct

22
Q
  1. Cyclopamine is a ________ and it inhibits _______ in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway causing
    cyclopia in lambs.
    A. mutagen, Smoothened
    B. entheogen, Serotonin
    C. teratogen, Smoothened
    D. immunogen, RNA polymerase II
A

C. teratogen, Smoothened

23
Q
  1. What is the most serious clinical consequence of Na+/K+ pump malfunction due to cardiac glycoside
    toxicity?
    A. Leads to an increase in intercellular K+ and causes apoptosis.
    B. Leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and causes death.
    C. Leads to an increase in intercellular Ca2+ and causes death.
    D. Leads to an increase in intercellular Cl- and causes death.
    E. Leads to a decrease in intercellular Na+ and causes cell swelling.
A

B. Leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and causes death.

24
Q
  1. Which family has NOT been discussed in the context of allergies in this class, either as cause of pollen
    allergies, or as sources of treatments for allergy or asthma?
    A. Urticaceae
    B. Brassicaceae
    C. Poaceae
    D. Apocynaceae
    E. Asteraceae
A

B. Brassicaceae

25
Q
  1. Based on the Poison Hemlock reading, which is/are correct?
    A. The little boy had his stomach pumped
    B. the toxins involved were piperidine alkaloids
    C. The child and his father presumptively ate ‘wild carrot tops’
    D. All are correct
    E. None is correct
A

D. All are correct

26
Q
  1. Which is not known to be an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?
    A. coniine & coniceine
    B. tubocurarine
    C. toxiferine
    D. erysodine
    E. all are antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
A

E. all are antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

27
Q
  1. Plant genus that does not belong to the same family as the others?
    A. Tylophora
    B. Adonis
    C. Catharanthus
    D. Nerium
    E. Tabernathe
A

B. Adonis

28
Q
  1. Chondrodendron tomentosum belongs to the ______ family and produces the toxin ______ which is
    classified as a ______.
    A. Menispermaceae, tubocurarine, spasmatic curare
    B. Menispermaceae, strychnine, paralyzing curare
    C. Menispermaceae, tubocurarine, paralyzing curare
    D. Loganiaceae, tubocurarine, paralyzing curare
    E. None of the choices is correct
A

C. Menispermaceae, tubocurarine, paralyzing curare

29
Q
  1. ______ belong to the Loganiaceae family and produce the toxin ______ which induces ______.
    A. Erythrina spp., erysodine, paralysis
    B. Strychnos spp., toxiferine, paralysis
    C. Strychnos spp., erysodine, spasms/convulsions
    D. Nicotiana spp., toxiferine, spasms/convulsions
A

B. Strychnos spp., toxiferine, paralysis

30
Q
  1. ______ is a member of the Solanaceae family. It produces both Nicotine and ______ which are both
    classified as ______.
    A. Nicotiana spp., anabasine, quinolizidine alkaloids
    B. Nicotiana spp., anabasine, piperidine alkaloids
    C. Nicotiana spp., erysodine, piperidine alkaloids
    D. Erythrina spp., erysodine, quinolizidine alkaloids
A

B. Nicotiana spp., anabasine, piperidine alkaloids

31
Q
  1. Erythrina herbacea produces compounds known as oral curare. The compounds are called as such because
    they are easily absorbed by the gut.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A. True

32
Q
A

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