Exam #3 Review

Question 1

Smooth muscles use what movement to guide food down the esophagus?

Answer 1

Perstalsis

Question 2

How does a rescue inhaler help to treat an asthma attack?

Answer 2

Widens the bronchioles, relaxes smooth muscle

Question 3

The space inside a tube of the digestive tract is called what?

Answer 3

Lumen

Question 4

How is the liver related to the digestive system?

Answer 4

Produces bile for fat digestion

Question 5

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 5

Prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea

Question 6

How does inhalation and exhalation happen physically?

Answer 6

Changes in lung volume and pressure

Question 7

How is the urethra different in bio males and females?

Answer 7

Longer in males, shared with reproductive system

Question 8

What structure of the respiratory system is affected in asthma?

Answer 8

Bronchioles

Question 9

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 9

Filtration, waste excretion, balance of fluids

Question 10

Even though air gets to the lungs, how does pneumonia affect breathing?

Answer 10

Fluid in alveoli hinders gas excahnge

Question 11

What role does the pancreas play in nutrient regulation?

Answer 11

Regulates blood sugar, releases enzymes

Question 12

What path does air take through your upper and lower respiratory tract?

Answer 12

Nasal/oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

Question 13

What is dialysis?

Answer 13

Blood filtering for kidney failure

Question 14

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 14

Nutrient absorption

Question 15

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 15

Begins chemical digestion, lubricates food

Question 16

Dark colored urine indicates what?

Answer 16

Dehydration

Question 17

What is bronchitis?

Answer 17

Inflammation of bronchi

Question 18

Substances that are detected in urine analysis come from where?

Answer 18

Blood

Question 19

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 19

Stores and releases bile

Question 20

What is the effect of ADH release on the kidneys?

Answer 20

Increases water retention

Question 21

What happens to food in the stomach?

Answer 21

Breaks down with acid and enzymes

Question 22

In which part of the lungs does gas exchange occur?

Answer 22

Alveoli

Question 23

What gasses are exchanged in the lungs and what direction do they go?

Answer 23

Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out

Question 24

What are kidney stones and how do they escape the body?

Answer 24

Mineral deposits, pass through urethra

Question 25

What is the nephron?

Answer 25

Functional unit of kidney

Question 26

Why is it preferable to breathe through your nose rather than your mouth?

Answer 26

Filters, warms, and humidifies air

Question 27

The looping structure of the nephron’s tubes increases what characteristic?

Answer 27

Surface area

Question 28

What kinds of particles are filtered through the glomerulus?

Answer 28

Small molecules

Question 29

What are the five processes that make up digestion?

Answer 29

1. Ingestion
2. Propulsion
3. Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination

Question 30

What muscle contracts and relaxes to drive our quiet breathing?

Answer 30

Diaphragm

Question 31

An infection of what respiratory structure would cause you to lose your voice?

Answer 31

Larynx

Question 32

Why are villi and microvilli shaped like tiny brushes?

Answer 32

Increases surface area for absorption

Question 33

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 33

Water absorption, waste formation

Question 34

Where does mechanical and chemical digestion begin?

Answer 34

Oral cavity

Question 35

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 35

Carry urine from kidneys to bladder