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Chemistry 1 > Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

How do you predict precipitation reactions?

A

Determine the ions of the reactant side, and exchange cations and anions from these reactants. Balance the charges using the “equal zero” rule. Determine the solubility of each product.

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2
Q

When writing a complete ionic equation, undissolved products…

A

Are written in molecular form.

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3
Q

When writing a complete ionic equation, dissolved substances are…

A

Separated into their respective ions. (use solubility chart)

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4
Q

Ions that appear identical or unchanged in the complete ionic equation are…

A

Spectator ions, removed from the net ionic equation.

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5
Q

When an acid and a base react, they often form…

A

Water; H2O.

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6
Q

In a gas-evolution reaction…is always produced.

A

A gas.

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7
Q

Acids produce… in aqueous solutions.

A

H+

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8
Q

Bases produce… in aqueous solutions.

A

OH-

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9
Q

The net ionic equation for an acid-base reaction is…

A

H+ + OH- —> H2O

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10
Q

Define the equivalence point.

A

When, during titration, H+ and OH- from the reactants are completely reacted.

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11
Q

A 10 mL sample of 0.20 M HBr solution is titrated with 0.10M NaOH. What volume of NaOH is required to reach the equivalence point?

A

20 mL

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12
Q

Common compounds that undergo gas-evolution reactions are…

A

Carbonates and bicarbonates, sulfites and bisulfites, sulfides, and ammonium.

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13
Q

Reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to the other are called…

A

Oxidation-reduction reactions.

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14
Q

Many redox reactions involve the reaction of a substance with…

A

Oxygen.

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15
Q

Oxidation is the…

A

loss of electrons.

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16
Q

Reduction is the…

A

gain of electrons.

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17
Q

Electron transfer does not need to be… for the reaction to qualify as oxidation-reduction.

A

Complete.

18
Q

The first rule for assigning oxidation states.

A

Free elements (non-ions) have an oxidation state of 0.

19
Q

The second rule for assigning oxidation states.

A

Monatomic ions have an oxidation state equal to their charge. (eg. Ca2+ = +2)

20
Q

The third rule for assigning oxidation states.

A

The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a compound is 0.

21
Q

The sum of the oxidation states in a polyatomic ion equals…

A

The charge on the ion.

22
Q

Group 1 metals have an oxidation state of… in all their compounds.

A

+1

23
Q

Group 2 metals have an oxidation state of… in all their compounds.

A

+2

24
Q

Group 7A, Group6A, and Group5A nonmetals have the respective oxidation states in their compounds:

A

7A –> -1, 6A –> -2, 5A –> -3.

25
Q

The reactant that gains electrons in a redox reaction is the…

A

Oxidizing agent.

26
Q

The reactant that loses electrons in a redox reaction is the…

A

Reducing agent.

27
Q

Pressure is the…

A

force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them.

28
Q

Boyle’s Law states that…

A

There is an inverse relationship between volume and pressure.

29
Q

The formula for Boyle’s law is…

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

30
Q

For every 10 m of depth, a diver experiences an additional…

A

1 atm.

31
Q

Charles’s Law states that…

A

Volume increases alongside temperature.

32
Q

The formula for Charles’s Law is…

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

33
Q

Avogadro’s Law states that…

A

Volume is proportional to the number of gas molecules.

34
Q

The formula for the ideal gas law is…

A

PV = nRT, where R is a given constant.

35
Q

STP equals…

A

1 atm, 273K.

36
Q

The volume occupied by one mole of a substance at STP is…

A

22.4L.

37
Q

To find the density of a gas at STP…

A

Divide its molar mass by 22.4L.

38
Q

The sum of all the partial pressures in a mixture equals…

A

The total pressure.

39
Q

The formula for partial pressure is…

A

Pn = Nn (RT/V), where Nn is the number of moles of that component.

40
Q

760mmHg=

A

1 atm = 760 torr.

Chemistry 1 (3 decks)

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