Exam 3 Review Flashcards
How do you predict precipitation reactions?
Determine the ions of the reactant side, and exchange cations and anions from these reactants. Balance the charges using the “equal zero” rule. Determine the solubility of each product.
When writing a complete ionic equation, undissolved products…
Are written in molecular form.
When writing a complete ionic equation, dissolved substances are…
Separated into their respective ions. (use solubility chart)
Ions that appear identical or unchanged in the complete ionic equation are…
Spectator ions, removed from the net ionic equation.
When an acid and a base react, they often form…
Water; H2O.
In a gas-evolution reaction…is always produced.
A gas.
Acids produce… in aqueous solutions.
H+
Bases produce… in aqueous solutions.
OH-
The net ionic equation for an acid-base reaction is…
H+ + OH- —> H2O
Define the equivalence point.
When, during titration, H+ and OH- from the reactants are completely reacted.
A 10 mL sample of 0.20 M HBr solution is titrated with 0.10M NaOH. What volume of NaOH is required to reach the equivalence point?
20 mL
Common compounds that undergo gas-evolution reactions are…
Carbonates and bicarbonates, sulfites and bisulfites, sulfides, and ammonium.
Reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to the other are called…
Oxidation-reduction reactions.
Many redox reactions involve the reaction of a substance with…
Oxygen.
Oxidation is the…
loss of electrons.
Reduction is the…
gain of electrons.
Electron transfer does not need to be… for the reaction to qualify as oxidation-reduction.
Complete.
The first rule for assigning oxidation states.
Free elements (non-ions) have an oxidation state of 0.
The second rule for assigning oxidation states.
Monatomic ions have an oxidation state equal to their charge. (eg. Ca2+ = +2)
The third rule for assigning oxidation states.
The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a compound is 0.
The sum of the oxidation states in a polyatomic ion equals…
The charge on the ion.
Group 1 metals have an oxidation state of… in all their compounds.
+1
Group 2 metals have an oxidation state of… in all their compounds.
+2
Group 7A, Group6A, and Group5A nonmetals have the respective oxidation states in their compounds:
7A –> -1, 6A –> -2, 5A –> -3.
The reactant that gains electrons in a redox reaction is the…
Oxidizing agent.
The reactant that loses electrons in a redox reaction is the…
Reducing agent.
Pressure is the…
force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them.
Boyle’s Law states that…
There is an inverse relationship between volume and pressure.
The formula for Boyle’s law is…
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
For every 10 m of depth, a diver experiences an additional…
1 atm.
Charles’s Law states that…
Volume increases alongside temperature.
The formula for Charles’s Law is…
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro’s Law states that…
Volume is proportional to the number of gas molecules.
The formula for the ideal gas law is…
PV = nRT, where R is a given constant.
STP equals…
1 atm, 273K.
The volume occupied by one mole of a substance at STP is…
22.4L.
To find the density of a gas at STP…
Divide its molar mass by 22.4L.
The sum of all the partial pressures in a mixture equals…
The total pressure.
The formula for partial pressure is…
Pn = Nn (RT/V), where Nn is the number of moles of that component.
760mmHg=
1 atm = 760 torr.
