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Chemistry 1 > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds are composed of atoms held together by…

A

Chemical bonds.

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2
Q

Ionic Bonds occur… and involve the…

A

Between metals and nonmetals; transfer of electrons.

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3
Q

In an ionic bond, the metal becomes … and the nonmetal becomes…

A

A cation; an anion.

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4
Q

Why do metals tend to form cations?

A

They have low ionization energies and low electron affinities.

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5
Q

Why do nonmetals tend to form anions?

A

They have high ionization energies and high electron affinities.

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6
Q

Covalent bonds occur….and involve the…

A

between two nonmetals; sharing of electrons.

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7
Q

Covalently bound atoms are called…

A

Molecular compounds.

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8
Q

Ionic compounds are usually…at room temperature.

A

Solid.

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9
Q

Covalent compounds are usually…at room temperature.

A

Solids, liquids, or gases.

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10
Q

Which representation of a hydrogen molecule is not correct?
- H2
- H:H
- H–H
- H=H

A

H=H.

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11
Q

An empirical formula…

A

Gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound.

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12
Q

A molecular formula…

A

Gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound.

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13
Q

What is the empirical formula of C4H8?

A

CH2.

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14
Q

What is the empirical formula of CCl4?

A

CCl4.

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15
Q

What is the empirical formula of B2H6?

A

BH3.

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16
Q

In the chemical formula of an Ionic compound…

A

the charge of the cations must equal the charges of the anions.

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17
Q

How to name binary compounds:

A

Name of the metal + base name of the nonmetal, ending in IDE.

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18
Q

How to name multivalent compounds (steps):

A
  1. Observe the charge of the nonmetal.
  2. Find what charge of the metal will make the total charge 0.
19
Q

What is an oxyanion?

A

An oxyanion is an anion containing oxygen and ONE other element.

20
Q

When naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions…

A

The name of the metal is used, followed by the name of the polyatomic ion.

21
Q

Name NaNO2.

A

Sodium nitrite.

22
Q

The formula for the carbonate ion is…

A

CO3^2-

23
Q

The formula for the hydroxide ion is…

A

OH-

24
Q

The formula for nitrate is…

A

NO3-

25
Q

The formula for the ammonium ion is…

A

NH4+

26
Q

When naming molecular compounds…

A

The element with the SMALLEST group number first.

27
Q

What is the formula used to find the percentage of each element in a compound?

A

the molecular mass of element Z
———————————————- mass of 1 mol of compound x 100
= % mass of element Z

28
Q

Finding an empirical formula (steps):

A
  1. Convert percentages to grams. If not given, assume you have 100 g of the compound. (e.g. 25.5% –> 25.5 g)
  2. Covert grams to moles. (Mass of element Z x ( 1 mol of Z / molar mass of Z ) = moles of Z)
  3. Divide by the SMALLEST NUMBER OF MOLES.
  4. Multiply mole ratios by any number to make all whole numbers.
29
Q

Whenever something burns it combines with…

A

O2.

30
Q

Define theoretical yield.

A

The amount of product that can be made based on the amount of the limiting reactant.

31
Q

Formula for percent yield.

A

% yield =
actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

32
Q

The majority component of a solution is the…

A

Solvent.

33
Q

The minority component of a solution is the…

A

Solute.

34
Q

A solution in which water is the… is a…

A

Solvent; aqueous.

35
Q

Dilute solutions have…

A

A small amount of solute compared to solvents.

36
Q

Concentrated solutions have…

A

A large amount of solute compared to solvents.

37
Q

Molarity (.) is used to express…

A

M; solution concentration.

38
Q

The formula for molarity is…

A

M = amount of solute (in mol) /
volume of solution (in L)

39
Q

Formula (stock solutions)…

A

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

40
Q

Define electrolyte.

A

A substance that dissolves in WATER to form a solution containing IONS that WILL CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.

41
Q

Define a nonelectrolyte.

A

Substances that dissolve in water to form a solution with NO IONS that will NOT conduct electricity.

42
Q

A strong electrolyte…

A

Completely ionizes in water.

43
Q

Most molecular compounds are… when dissolved in water.

A

Nonelectrolytes.

44
Q

When compounds contain THESE elements they are ALWAYS soluble.

A

Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+ (LINAK NH4). NO3- and C2H3O2- (NO CHO).

Chemistry 1 (3 decks)

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