Exam 3 Review Flashcards
What are tandem rotor helicopters?
aircraft that have two main rotors and no tail rotor
Having two rotors eliminates need for tail rotor
Airspeed _________ across the blade from the root to the tip.
increases
3 problems in getting helicopters to fly
- Dissymmetry of Lift & Gyroscopic Precision
- Coriolis Effect (“ice skater” effect)
- Lead-lag movement caused by massive vibration
How does a fully articulated rotor head solve the 3 main problems?
- Flapping hinges
- Lead-lag hinges
- Lead-lag dampeners
Difference between fully articulated rotors, semi-rigid rotors, and rigid rotors
Fully Articulated: have both flapping and lead-lag hinges
Semi-Rigid: has a lead-lag hinge, but no flapping hinge
Rigid: there are no hinges in the rotor blades
Gyroscopic procession
any force put into a spinning object takes effect 90 degrees later
What is the difference between highest blade angle vs. highest disc angle
Highest blade angle is 90 degrees clockwise to the highest disc angle
Why don’t we use pure aluminum as a material in aviation?
Pure aluminum is used as a “combination item” for other materials (i.e., iron)
What is the most common alloy in aviation?
Al 2024
What is the principal aluminum alloy for Al 2024? (anything 2XXX)
copper
What does grain size mean?
A metal’s strength
AC 43.13 1B
Advisory circular (AC) that contains methods, techniques, and practices deemed “acceptable”
How would you identify what rivet to use?
by the loads imposed on the structure and by the manufacturer and the information found in the manufacturer’s Structural Repair Manual (SRM)
What happens once the metal parts are cut and shaped to the form desired?
they must be drilled and deburred to prepare for the rivet or fasteners to be installed
What is different in installing a rivet if it is flush-mount?
Hi-Lok fasteners are used instead
Parts of a bolt
Head: top part
Shank: bottom part
Grip: top smooth part of shank
Threads: bottom rough part of shank
Where is torque applied on a bolt/nut fastener?
Torque is applied to the bolt/nut
Safety devices
Safety wire
Cotter pins
What can safety wire secure?
Nuts
Bolts
Oil filters
Cannon plugs
Anything that must not loosen during normal operations
What is the difference between brazing and soldering?
Brazing uses higher temps than soldering
Differences between MIG (Gas Metal Arc (GMAW)) and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding.
MIG uses wire
TIG uses electricity
What is a Type Certificate (TC)?
When the design of an aircraft meets the FAA’s standards
What is a Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS)?
FAA document that records the type certification data of a product
What is an Airworthiness Certificate?
Certificate issued for aircraft that are good to go
What is in a TCDS?
Control surface movement limits, operating limitations, placards, and weight and balance, engines allowed, propellors allowed
Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) vs. Parts Manufacture Approval (PMA) vs. Technical
Standard Order (TSO)
STC: approval of the modification of the aircraft, engine, or propeller
PMA: FAA approval of the manufacture only of non-commonly interchangeable parts on an aircraft
TSO: FAA approval of the design and manufacture of commonly interchangeable parts on an aircraft
Standard vs. Special Airworthiness Certificates
What categories are in each?
Standard: normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, transport, & manned free balloons
Special: primary, restricted, limited, light-sport, provisional airworthiness certificates, special flight permits, and experimental certificates
Major repair and Form 337
request for engineering approval for the modification to an individual aircraft
Airworthiness Directives
issued by the FAA and must be complied with
The owner or operator is responsible for knowing and complying with airworthiness directives
Advisory Circular
produced by the FAA and compliance is voluntary
Service Bulletins
Issued by aircraft and component manufactures to inform the owners about potential problems with the aircraft
Compliance is not required
Mandatory Service Bulletins
Issued when a manufacturer, insurance companies, or the FAA want to try to force the aircraft owner to comply
Compliance is not required
Service Letters
Sent by manufacturers as a means of providing non-critical information, or for clarifying maintenance manuals or pilot handbooks
Compliance is not required
Maintenace Manuals
Written by the manufacturer and approved by the FAA
Compliance is required
Minimum Equipment List
The master minimum equipment list is developed by the aircraft manufacturer and approved by the FAA
Compliance with the MEL is required
Operation Specifications
Created by commercial airlines that is submitted to the FAA for approval
Compliance is required
Manufacturer’s data supersedes any other source of information except what?
airworthiness directives
ATA (Air Transport Association) Codes
Developed to standardize the order of maintenance manuals
The ATA code should always be expressed as a _____ part number
three
What do each of the following numbers represent in the ATA code?
26-22-03
26: Chapter/System (Universal on all aircraft)
22: Subsystem (Universal on all aircraft)
03: Unit in the subsystem (Can be defined by individual airline, manufacturer, or uses)
Data plate
Contains the serial number of the aircraft
Is considered to theoretically BE the aircraft
If an airplane is scrapped, Unless the data plate is scrapped the aircraft theoretically still exists
What must maintenance records include?
description of the work performed
date of completion of the work
signature and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for return to service
the Total Aircraft time and time on life-limited parts
Current status of ADs
Aircraft ownership =
“Bill of sale”
Liens
Documents against the airplane recorded by the FAA
What is the difference between a license and a certificate
Licenses must be periodically renewed. Certificates do not
Offenses involving alcohol or drugs
Denial of an application for any certificate up to 1 year
Suspension or revocation of any certificate
Temporary Certificate
Issued until your permanent certificate arrives
Security Disqualifications
No person is eligible to hold a certificate, rating when the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has notified the FAA in writing that the person poses a security threat
Don’t do these on a written test
Copy or remove the test
Give or receive part of a copied test
Give or receive help while it is being given
Take the test for another person
Take part in any other form of cheating
Change of Adress rules
Within 30 days after any change in his permanent mailing address, the holder of a certificate issued under this part shall notify
Refusal to submit to a drug test
Denial of an application for any certificate up to 1 year
Suspension or revocation of any certificate
Eligibly Requirements
Must be 16 years old, and be able to read, write, speak, and understand English
