Exam 3 Review

Question 1

Formed by Hitler and Mussolini

An alliance named for the line connecting the two capitals would become what the whole world would revolve around

Answer 1

Rome-Berlin Axis

Question 2

The sacking of the Chinese capital

The brutalities prompted President Roosevelt to abandon cooperation with Congressional isolationists to pursue a more forceful approach against the Japanese

Answer 2

Rape of Nanking

Question 3

For the first time, Roosevelt advocated collective action to stop the epidemic aggression

His hopes of igniting American sensibilities failed; Didn’t give a damn about a U.S. outpost in China getting bombed

Answer 3

Quarantine Speech

Question 4

This recognized Germany’s claim to the Sudetenland and Italy’s claim to Ethiopia in exchange for the promise of no further aggressions

Answer 4

Munich Pact 1938

Question 5

The British Royal Air Force managed to hold off Hitler’s Luftwaffe during this

Although they were short on planes and pilots

Answer 5

Battle of Britain

Question 6

An all-out assault on the British mainland

The Royal Air Force of Britain battled the German Luftwaffe in the greatest air battle in history; Slowly but surely American public opinion shifted toward helping the British

Answer 6

Operation Sea Lion

Question 7

Contained prominent Americans like Charles Lindbergh

Insisted a hemispheric defense was the wisest choice for the United States; a great debate went on

Answer 7

America First Committee

Question 8

Roosevelt enumerates what the rights of any citizen should of the world are and why it is important for America to lead the way

Freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear

Answer 8

Four Freedom Speech

Question 9

Grants wide authority to the President to conduct the war effort; acronym agencies were created to manage the American homefront

In response to Pearl Harbor

Answer 9

War Powers Act

Question 10

WACS

Prodded by Eleanor Roosevelt, FDR created this

Answer 10

Women’s Auxiliary Forces

Question 11

Used to support harvest season

Mexican Americans were courted to cross the border to assist with the harvest

Answer 11

Bracero Guest-Work Program

Question 12

Sponsored posters and rallies to appeal to patriotic heartstrings

Songs like Bill Crosby’s “Junk Will Win the War” and “Goodbye Mama, I’m Off to Yokohama,” propaganda movies shot by famed directors such as Frank Capra

Answer 12

Office of War Information

Question 13

Survivors in this were among the 250,000 liberated by Allied troops

Following the defeat of the Nazi regime, the full extent of the Holocaust was at last revealed

Answer 13

Ebensee Concentration Camp

Question 14

Japanese Americans born in the U.S.

These people were ordered to evacuate to temporary centers and sell their homes

Answer 14

Nisei

Question 15

This person decided to test the government relocation action in the courts; he found little sympathy there

He challenged the legality of Executive Order 9066 but the Supreme Court ruled the action was justified as a wartime necessity
It was not until 1988 that the U.S. government attempted to apologize to those who had been interned

Answer 15

Fred Korematsu

Question 16

Germany was divided into four of these

Part of the postwar outcome the Allies agreed on for Nazi Germany
Germany would be democratized and de-Nazified

Answer 16

Occupation Zones

Question 17

By Eleanor Roosevelt; she said it was her greatest achievement

Eleanor made this when she was appointed head of the UN’s Commission on Human Rights in 1946

Answer 17

Declaration of Human Rights

Question 18

The UN charter called for the establishment of this

Serves as the executive branch of the United Nations
Must authorize any actions, such as economic sanctions, the use of force, or deployment of peacekeeping troops

Answer 18

Security Council

Question 19

The United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union

Each holds a permanent seat on the Security Council

Answer 19

Great Powers

Question 20

The main body of the United Nations

Has standing committees to address ongoing issues such as economics, finance, social, cultural and humanitarian concerns, and legal problems
Passes resolutions and has the power to make recommendations to the Security Council

Answer 20

General Assembly

Question 21

A policy for places where communism threatened to expand, American aid might prevent a takeover

The President outlined these intentions with his request for monetary aid for Greece and Turkey

Answer 21

Truman Doctrine

Question 22

Secretary of State

Announced the European Recovery Program in response to the devastated Europe
As to avoid antagonizing the Soviet Union, announced it was completely humanitarian, not as a political favor

Answer 22

George C. Marshall

Question 23

A high-ranking State Department official was convicted on espionage charges

Exposed when President Truman ordered background checks of every civilian and service to the government; fear of communists intensified

Answer 23

Alger Hiss

Question 24

So-called Communists and Communist sympathizers

Discovered by Senator Joseph McCarthy; allegedly, they worked for the United States Department of State

Answer 24

205 card-carrying

Question 25

The House Committee on Un-American Activities

Targeted the Hollywood film industry under suspicion of harboring members of the communist party

Answer 25

HUAC

Question 26

One of the books pulled from library shelves

Was deemed communist-like for suggesting stealing from the rich to give to the poor

Answer 26

Robin Hood

Question 27

Egyptian President; sought to strengthen ties with the Soviet bloc

The United States withdrew its pledge to help this person construct the all-important Aswan Dam
This person responded by nationalizing the Suez Canal, an action that compelled British, French, and Israeli armies to invade Egypt

Answer 27

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Question 28

Pledged American support to any governments fighting communist insurgencies in the Middle East

5000 marines were sent to Lebanon to forestall an anti-Western takeover

Answer 28

Eisenhower Doctrine

Question 29

Overthrew U.S.-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista from power in Cuba

To do this, he capitalized On the sentiment that the United States was seen as a brutal defender of thuggish autocrats at the expense of popularly elected leaders

Answer 29

Fidel Castro

Question 30

planes from each nation would be permitted to fly over the other to inspect nuclear sites

in efforts to reduce tensions, Eisenhower offered this to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
Khrushchev declined it

Answer 30

Open Skies Proposal

Question 31

The first African American to play major league baseball
Became the first African American player elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame

Made possible when President Harry Truman ordered the end of segregation in the armed forces

Answer 31

Jackie Robinson

Question 32

Nine black students attempting to attend an all-white school

Major controversy; Arkansas Governor tried to stop it but federal judge declared the action illegal, then when the nine finally entered, thousands stormed the school in anger

Answer 32

Little Rock Nine

Question 33

The first such measure to reconstruction, the law created a permanent civil rights commission to assist black suffrage

Paved the way for more powerful legislation in the years to come

Answer 33

Civil Rights Act 1959

Question 34

Became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi

Civil rights activists in the early 1960s teemed with enthusiasm

Answer 34

James Meredith

Question 35

A man suspected of driving while intoxicated had a gun pointed to him by a police officer; the match that lit the fire

Too many times had the local citizens of Watts felt that the police department treated them with excessive force

Answer 35

Frye Incident

Question 36

Created to examine the causes behind the repeated rioting; Ordered by President Johnson

The committee declared the source to be white racism

Answer 36

Kerner Commission

Question 37

Founded the Nation of Islam in the 1930s

“Christianity was the white man’s religion”

Answer 37

Wallace Fard

Question 38

The first artificial satellite to successfully orbit the Earth; launch by the Soviet Union

The impetus for the formation of the National Air and Space Administration — or NASA — in the United States

Answer 38

Sputnik

Question 39

An era of American politics ushered by JFK winning the White House in 1960

The dream turned to a nightmare in 1963 when Kennedy was cut down by an assassin’s bullet

Answer 39

Camelot

Question 40

The first human being to set foot on the moon

Kennedy challenged the American people and government to put a man on the moon on the edge of the decade, so you can imagine how smug everyone was

Answer 40

Neil Armstrong

Question 41

The law created the Office aimed at attacking the roots of American poverty; a job core was established to provide valuable vocational training

Signed by President Johnson

Answer 41

Economic Opportunity Act

Question 42

Saved 9.1 million acres of forestland from industrial development

Answer 42

Wilderness Protection Act

Question 43

Used public money to fund artists and galleries

Answer 43

National Endowment for the Arts

Question 44

Thousands of anti-war protesters converged on the city and clashed with police who had been ordered by Chicago Mayor Richard Daley to take a tough stance with the demonstrators

Followed the assassination of JFK

Answer 44

Democratic Convention in Chicago

Question 45

Americans who supported the effort in Vietnam and demanded law and order

Nixon spoke for them

Answer 45

Silent Majority