Exam 3 Recap Info Flashcards
High mass or low mass star: forms faster due to stronger gravity
High mass
High mass or low mass star: born with less hydrogen and helium
Low mass
High mass or low mass star: slower fusion rates due to lower core temperature
Low mass
High mass or low mass star: longer lifetime
Low mass
High mass or low mass star: only able to fuse lighter, less repulsive nuclei
Low mass
High mass or low mass star: after main sequence becomes supergiant
High mass
High mass or low mass star: dies in violent supernova
High mass
High mass or low mass star: leaves core as a neutron star, black hole, or nothing
High mass
Sunspot
Dark spot cooled by strong local magnetic field poking out of sun
Flare
Explosion on sun from magnetic field snapping, just emits light
How long is a sunspot cycle? What causes it?
11 years; by magnetic field reversing polarity
Distance object must be to shift one arcsecond over six months
Parasec
Parallax
The angle an object seems to move when you look at it from two different vantage points
Transit method
Only works if we see edge on
Star dims as planner passes in front of it
Doppler shift
Planet makes star wobble as it orbits
Works for range of inclinations, still won’t see face-on system
What spectral type is the sun?
G
What tells you the surface temperature of the star, and gives an idea of its color
Spectral type
What tells you how much energy the star is generating
Luminosity
What tells you the stage the star is in
Luminosity class
Spectral type
OBAFGKM - surface temp and color
Given by Roman numerals
Luminosity class (tells stage)
Usually given in units like 100Lsun
Luminosity
Metalicity
Describes how polluted a star is with heavy elements generated by previous generations of stars
Types of stars that can be open cluster
High mass
Young stars
High metallicity
High mass star death
Types of stars that can be globular
Old stars
Low metalicity
Over weight WD SN
Types of stars that can extend open or closed (both)
Low mass stars
Main sequence stars
Stars 70% H and 29% He
Rouge planet
Planet
A planet that was ejected from its star and wanders through space, not orbiting any star
Rouge planet
A massive planet orbiting shockingly close to its host star
Hot Jupiter
A lower mass planet that is still more massive than earth
Super earth
A planet close enough to its star that it is warm enough for water to be a liquid
Habitable planet
A failed star but sometimes mistaken for a planet
Brown dwarf
