exam 3 quizes Flashcards
what were the major contributions of the early voyages by magellan, drake, Bouvet, and kergullen in the later discovery of Antarctica?
Drakes passage, islands, southern ocean, disprove myths of saouth
How did the voyages of James Cook change ideas about “terra Australia”
Dismissed idea of other continent, reported just ice and islands
What were cooks contributions to sanitary and health conditions for men at sea
prevented scurvy and diseases
Why is rounding Cape Horn in sailing vessels so difficult and dangerous?
winds from low pressure systems, rough waters because no land blocking wind to form waves
what are the contributions of whaling ship captains William Smith and Nathanial Palmer to the discovery of Antarctica?
Exploiters who pushed further south and smith found Antarctica Reneshiik and Palmer continent
what was the first truly scientific expedition to the southern ocean and it’s main findings?
Russian Bellinghasen expedition 1819. Found Alexander island with fossils
Who likely sighted the antarctic continent first and in what year?
Bellingneasen and John Bisco and Ross (unsure who saw it first)
what and when was the US exploring Expedition and what were its main findings?
Wilkes in 1838. first to refer to Antarctica continent with no (violence?) Did mapping of coast and naturalists and South magnetic pole
What is the significance of the voyages by James Clark Ross to Antarctic discovery?
First to go into Ross Sea and see Ross ice shelf, Antarctica mountains, Possession island, and advanced South magnetic pole info
What was the challenger expedition and its major contributions? why is sir John Murray considered the father of modern oceanography
4 years going to every ocean and found dredges. Granite in Antarctica sea floor(proving Antarctica was continent), trenches, mid Atlantic ridge, and new species. Because he wrote 7/50 volumes and advanced the field.
what is meant by the “heroic age’ in antarctic history and what two events in the 1890s led to its beginning. what was significant about gerlache’s Belgica expeditions
A lot of hardships and science done, art, poetry, etc.
What was significant about the southern cross expedition and the contributions of Carsten Borchgrevink?
1899-1900 went the furthest south, went onto ice shelf for first time and showed you can sled on it
what were some major findings and contributions by the 1901 Swedish expedition led by Otto Nordenskjold?
In Antarctica peninsula found first fossil penguins, dog sledding expert, brought new info
what was significant about the 1901-1904 discovery expedition? give several advancements in Antarctica science that resulted from this expedition
first time British tried to go to pole, discovered dry valleys etc.
how did the rivalry between Robert falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton begin during this expedition
began because of treck to pole being cut short due to scurvy, blamed Shackleton
