Exam 3 Primates Flashcards
Primate Characteristics
1) Fur (body hair), 2) Long gestation followed by live birth, 3) Homeothermic, the ability to maintain a constant body temperatuer, 4) Increased brain size, 5) Capacity for learning and behavioral flexibility
Arboreal
Small primates that live in trees
Precision Grip vs Power Grip
Pencil = Precision
Baseball Bat = Power
Quadrumanual (Think Orangutan)
slow deliberate climbing using all 4 limbs.
- hands and feet are used w equal efficiency and maybe considered interchangeable
- particular to orangs
brachiation/Brachiator(only apes can do)
swinging by the arms from branch to branch
Generalized Dentation (4 types)
incisors, canines, premolars & molars
Teeth Number in anthropoids (humans apes &Old World Monkeys)
have 32 adult teeth some NWM have 36
Canines
Pointed sharp teeth
Nocturnal
Huge Eyes, less risk of predators
Diurnal
Active During the day
old world primates (anthropoids) have dental formula
2.1.2.3 incisor canine premolar molar
Described primates sense of smell and the effect it has on the brain
REDUCED OLFACTION-decreased snout and reliance on vision.
Cause an expansion and increased complexity of the brain (neocortex)
maturation of Primates
More efficient fetal nourishment, longer genstation, reduced number of offspring, delayed maturation, and longer life span.
arboreal hypothesis?
The prehensile hand is adapted to climbing in the trees.
A variety of foods led to the omnivorous diet and generalized dentition.
OWM
2.1.2.3
NWM (LA Zip Code)
2.1.3.3
Terrestrial Quadruped (walk on the ground on all 4)
- mostly macaques & baboons
- all limbs same length
Lesser Apes
Gibbon and Siamangs
Arboreal Quadrupeds (walk on all fours in trees)
forearms are slightly smaller
- long tails
- phalanges are longer than terrestrial quadrupeds
- grasping foot
Tarsiers
-Prosimian
-Huge eyes
-no tooth comb
-small
-5 living species
S. Asia Islands
Gorilla
Largest Living Primate
haplorhines
don’t have rhinarium. have larger brains. fewer teeth, convergent eyes
Background of Lorises
- location
- diurnal/nocturnal
- form of locomotion
- found on the mainland
- nocturnal
- quadrupedal (Walk on 4 Feet)
traditional approach orders primates into two suborders
1.the Prosimii (prosimians, or lower primates) and the 2.Anthropoidea (anthropoids, or higher primates
two types of anthropoids
platyrrhines (NWM) nostrils round and separated by wide septum. catarrhine- nostrils close together and pointed downward
Anthropoids
Apes, Monkeys, Human’s
Orangutan (Where are they found)
- Borneo and Sumatra
- arboreal
- yes, sexual dimorphism is present (males are larger)
- solitary
- frugivorous (feed-eating)
Orangutan (Where are they found)
- Borneo and Sumatra
- Quadromanual
Who belongs to strepsirhines?
lemurs and lorises
Name a group in which the dental formula differs and provide the formula.
Aye-ayes: 1.0.1.3/1.0.0.3
What’s Estrus Cycle?
Swelling of the women’s reproduction organs.
Most specialized part of human body?
Nails.
Nuchal Crest
Keeps head up!
Prognathism purpose
It has to do with the Human Jaw moving forward and positioning
Cranial Capacity of an Ape?
399-500
Genus and Species Human Belong to?
Homosapien (the “s” is lowercase)
1) Kingdom; (2) Phylum or Division; (3) Class; (4) Order; (5) Family; (6) Genus; (7) Species.
King, Philip, Came, Over, For, Great, Soup!
First Organism to live on land?
Amphibians
Evolution of laying eggs?
Amniotic Eggs, Laying eggs on land
Mammals?
Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine).
Are endothermic. Also known as “warm-blooded,” endothermic animals regulate their own body temperate which allows them to live in almost every climate on Earth.
Have hair on their bodies.
Produce milk to feed their babies.
Which primates have dental combs?
strepsirrhine primates, which include lemurs and lorisoid primates (collectively known as lemuriforms).
Haplorini
Monkey, Apes, Humans
All primates except Lorises and Lemurs
Prosimians (Strepsirhines)
lemurs
lorises
galagos
Anthropoids (Haplorhines)
monkeys and apes
Strepsirhines
Have more more primitive traits than other
primates
Often lack one or more of the general
characteristics of primates - like color vision
some have a single claw on each hand/foot
Rely more heavily on the sense of smell
Smaller brains (relative to body size)
Rhinarium
The naked, moist surface around the nostrils of most mammals (and all strepsirhines) Generally related to stronger olfactory senses “Wind detector”
Tarsiers
In the “old” way (e.g., your book) Tarsiers are considered prosimians and are lumped with lemurs ❖ In the new way, they are considered haplorhines because they have MORE haplorhine traits than strepsirhine traits
Monkey vs Apes
Monkeys have tails
❖ Apes and humans have no tails
❖ Monkeys are quadrepedal (all 4 legs are of equal size)
❖ Apes have longer arms; humans have longer legs
