Exam 3 - Population Genetics Flashcards
Understand termonology and concepts pertaining to population genetics
The study of distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations.
Population genetics
A change in gene frequency over time within a population. Ultimately results in speciation and divergence.
Evolution
A group of interbreeding, sexually reproducing individuals sharing a common set of genes.
Population
States that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary forces.
Hardy-Weinberg Law
What are the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Law?
Large population, random mating, no mutation/migration/natural selection
A tendency of like individuals to mate.
Positive assortative mating
A tendency of unlike individuals to mate.
Negative assortative mating
Alleles descended from the same copy in a common ancestor.
Homozygous descent
Alleles that are the same in structure and function but are descended from two different copies in ancestors.
Homozygous state
What are some consequences of inbreeding?
Increased presence of lethal and deleterious traits and an increase in the percentage of homozygous individuals in the population
The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
Natural selection
Occurs when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals.
Nonrandom mating
A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
Mutation
The movement of populations, groups or individuals.
Migration
The movement of genes from one population into another.
Gene flow
Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small populaiton, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
Genetic drift
The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.
Founder effect
A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (i.e. earthquak/flood/fire) or human activities (i.e. genocide).
Genetic bottleneck
The relative reproductive success of genotype compared to other genotypes in the population.
Fitness
Heterozygotes are favored over homozygotes and have a reproductive advantage which maintains both alleles in the population
Overdominance/heterozygote advantage
