Exam 3: Plant Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

waxy cuticle

Answer 1

protects against water loss

Question 2

stomata

Answer 2

for gas exchange, needed for photosynthesis

Question 3

plant life cycle

Answer 3

alternation of generations 2 parts:
haploid GAMETOPHYTE GENERATION and diploid SPOROPHYTE GENERATION

Question 4

gametophyte plant

Answer 4

• produces gametes by mitosis
• gametes fuse (fertilization) to form ZYGOTE (first stage of sporophyte generation)
• zygote develops into multicellular EMBRYO
  
  • protected and nourished by gametophyte
• mature SPOROPHYTE PLANT
  
  • develops from the embryo
  • produces sporogenous cells (spore mother cells)
• sporogenous cells undergo meiosis to form SPORES
  
  • first stage in gemetophyte generation

Question 5

Vascular Transport System

Answer 5

in ferns and other vascular plants

XYLEM - conducts water and dissolved w a t e r

PHLOEM - conducts dissolved s u g a r

Question 6

TF Biologists infer that plants evolved from aquatic green algal ancestors known as a charophtye (450 million yeas ago)

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Bryophytes (are also short)

Answer 7

nonvascular (lack xylem and phloem) *lack true roots, stems
- unlike other land plants

ex. mosses, liverwarts

Question 8

seedless vascular plants

Answer 8

have adaptations that algae and bryophytes lack
- they have vascular tissue
reproduction depends on water
- as transport medium for motile sperm cells (as in bryophytes)

Question 9

club mosses (phylum lycopodiophyta)

Answer 9

sporophytes consists of roots, rhizomes, erect branches, and MICROPHYLLS (leaves)

Question 10

ferns (phylum pteridophyta)

Answer 10

largest and most diverse group of seedless vascular plants

fern sporophyte consists of a rhyzome that bears fronds and true roots
- includes WHISK FERNS and HORSETAILS

Question 11

gymnosperms (naked seed)

Answer 11

seeds are totally exposed or borne on the scales of cone

ovary wall doesn’t surround the ovules

Question 12

angiosperms (seeds in enclosure)

Answer 12

flowering plants

produce seeds within a fruit (a mature ovary)

Question 13

gymnospores

Answer 13

are vascular plants
- unlike bryophytes
produce seeds
- unlike bryophytes and ferns
produce wind-borne pollen grains
- unlike ferns and other seedless vascular plants