Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Personality > Exam 3 Personality > Flashcards

Exam 3 Personality Flashcards

Chapters 10 - 13

1
Q

sex

A

refers to anatomical and psyciological characteristics or features of males and females (the two typically assigned sexes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

four commonly recognized clusters of sex

A

external genitalia (bodies reproductive organs), glands, hormones, and chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

intersex

A

based on the features that are between distinct male and female characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gender

A

complex set of behavioral, cultural, cognitive, and other psychological features associated with an individuals sex.

has a significant social component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gender identity

A

an individuals self determination (or a complex self reflection) as being male, female, intersex, both, or neither

can change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

androgyny

A

a combination, a coexistence, a blend of both male and female behavioral characteristics, features, and reflections

tends to remain stable after we establish it as children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gender consistency

A

understanding that maleness or femaleness is fixed across situations, regardless of superficial changes in appearance or activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

traditional and changing sex categories

A

–traditional categories: male or female
–new categories:
3- male, female, intersex
5- female, leaning female, neither, leaning male, male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gender roles

A

prescriptions or expectations assigned to genders on the female-male continuum

typically embedded in cultural norms and transmitted from one generation to the next

ideology, art. religion, popular beliefs, and everyday customs all play a role in knowledge about gender roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two major gender roles

A

masculinity, femininity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

masculinity

A

traditionally assigned to men, a general set of features associated with physical strength, decisiveness, and assertiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

femininity

A

traditionally assigned to women, a general set of features correlated with beauty, emotionality, and nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transgender

A

the roles that do not fit into the traditionally assigned gender dichotomy. transgender individuals do not identify with distinct, traditional, male and female gender roles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sexuality

A

the capacity for erotic experiences and related behavior responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sexual orientation

A

refers to the romantic or sexual attraction to people of specific sex or gender

continuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heterosexuality

A

an individuals romantic or sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex or gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

homosexuality

A

romantic or sexual attraction between people of the same sex or gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bisexuality

A

romantic or sexual attraction toward both males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LGBTQ+

A

lesbian/gay/bi/trans/queer or questioning own sex or gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gender nonconformity

A

people whose gender identity or gender expression does not conform to that typically associated with the sex they were assigned to at birth

sometimes referred to as genderqueer or gender-variant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

asexual

A

the lack of sexual attraction to another person and diminished interest in sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

natural dominance

A

a general wrong assumption about men’s biological superiority over women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

genetics, anatomy, and neurophysiology

A

bloop bloop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

evolutionary theories

A

try to identify certain natural mechanisms for explaining the differences between men and women

several conclusions have been drawn
–evolutionary science does not claim that all behaviors are genetically programmed, but predispositions to acquire them seem to be
–evolutionary scientists maintain that sexual selection is the strongest factor determining most differences between males and females. men and women develop certain behaviors and “shape” individual features to attract the best possible partners
–children across cultures are raised as boys and girls for a reason, evolutionary scientists claim. the prime reason is survival and preservation of humans as species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
androcentrism
placing males or the masculine point of view at the center of a theory or narrative
26
masculine protest
a psychological reaction of opposing male dominance
27
Clinical Domain
Approaches to personality from the postition of abnormality, illness, and health care
28
Illness
broadly refers to any condition, or functional abnormality or disturbance of the body and mind that impairs a persons function Illness is used interchangeably with disease and disorder
29
Personality disorders
Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture
30
Clinicians
Health care practitioners working as primary caregivers to the patient
31
Psychiatrists
Medical doctors who use medical approaches to diagnose and treat mental illness They view mental illness as a medical issue rather than simply a unique personality trait or moral transgression
32
Clinical psychologists
Trained psychologists who provide continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care
33
Excessive consistency
Condition of feeling and behaving in the same way regardless of changing circumstances and contexts, although a change in such behavior and feelings is generally expected
34
Medicalization
This is the process by which various facets of human behavior are interpreted in medical terms and this diagnosed and treated by medical methods
35
Malingering
It is an intentional falsification of symptoms to avoid certain duties
36
Shell shock
Serious psychological symptoms of traumatic nature
37
Stigma
The negative perception of corresponding actions related to a person or group based solely on certain social characteristics they possess or are associated with
38
Interrater reliability
The degree of agreement among several professionals when they separately diagnose an individual
39
Behavioral functional analysis
Assessment used by clinicians - method requires a systematic observation of immediate causes of behavior, the contextual characteristics of the behavior itself, and the consequences of this behavior
40
L validity scale
The LIE scale measures social desirability or the extent to which a person wants to present self in a best positive light, in accordance with cultural norms
41
F validity scale
The FREQUENCY scale measures the degree to which individuals have a feeling that they are different from others
42
K validity scale
The CORRECTION scale is aimed at measuring the defensiveness of a person, or self-protection from criticism and exposure of own shortcomings
43
Cluster: Odd and Eccentric Behavior
Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Schizotypal Histrionic
44
Cluster: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior
Narcissistic Borderline Antisocial
45
Cluster: Anxious, and Fearful
Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive
46
Schema Therapy
Creative combination of several therapeutic techniques
47
differential diagnosis
a method to identify and separate one disorder from others
48
adjustment
an alteration to achieve a desired result or condition. relatively significant changed in an individuals behavior and experiences in response to external and internal challenges
49
coping
is a deliberate and conscious effort to adjust to challenges, changing situations, and new conditions
50
stress
the reaction to a condition that disturbs an individuals physical or mental balance
51
areas of change that require coping and adjustment
aging/physical illness/changes in the family/professional changes/relationship changes/immigration/significant political/social unrest
52
acculturation
the process of coping with new cultural conditions
53
psychology of adjustment
studies problems and conditions that cause peoples needs for adjustment, the psychological mechanisms of adjustment, and the ways to help them in their coping process`
54
types of coping and adjustment: the individual
choose between two alternatives
55
flexibility (the individual)
a trait measured by the degree or the extent to which a person can cope in novel ways
56
types of coping and adjustment: the stressor
attempts to transform life events
57
approaching (the stressor)
a type of coping that refers to deliberate attempts at changing self as well as the sources of stress approaching can be proactive when an individual is aware of a problem or anticipates a stressor to emerge and this has one or more strategies to deal with them ahead of time can also be reactive
58
avoiding (the stressor)
keeping oneself away from addressing a challenge or a stressor types of avoidant behavior: rational
59
rational avoiding
we consciously try to discount or postpone an apparent problem for some time, even though we are aware of it
60
procrastination (the stressor)
putting off impending tasks to a later time
61
passive adjustment (the stressor)
a general pattern of relying on others to address or resolve stressful events or life situations
62
adjustment disorder
a cluster of symptoms associated with significant distress that occurs in someone who is unable to cope with major life adjustment disorder
63
burnout
state of constant exhaustion and disappointment brought about by devotion to an activity that failed to produce the expected result or reward
64
stress tolerance
a stable pattern of behavior and experience that appears helpful in the process of coping with significant stressors
65
hardiness
an individuals general ability to withstand difficult conditions
66
optimism
the general belief in positive or successful outcomes
67
dispositional optimism
a general and stable belief that good things and positive outcomes will happen
68
problem-focused coping strategies
center on changing or eliminating the source of an individuals problems
69
appraisal-focused coping strategies
center on the way we see the problem, its causes, its impact on us, and the expected outcome of our coping behaviors
70
emotion-focused coping strategies
center on the emotional meaning of the stressor, on distraction from it, and on relaxation
71
distraction (can be good or bad)
refers to avoidant coping strategies that are employed to divert attention away from a stressor and toward other thoughts or behaviors that are unrelated to stressor
72
denial
maladaptive. the belief that something (that is actually true) is untrue and often presents itself as ignoring an issue or a fact
73
fantasy
persistently using creative imagination in attempts to avoid facing the problem, and it becomes a substitution for the real coping strategy
74
anxious avoidance
dodging thinking about the stressor and refuses to deal with it in all situations and by all means
75
giving up or dismissive
a form of passive coping and results when the individual stops paying attention to the problem, most likely when the bad consequences on inaction increase
76
ruminative strategies
behaviors and thoughts that focus on the individuals negative experiences, failed strategies, and distressful psychological symptoms associated with the inability to cope with a stressor
77
sensitization
a strategy to learn about, rehearse, and anticipate fearful events in a protective coping effort to prevent negative emotions and despair
78
digital
broadly refers to the use of computer technology, particularly the internet
79
digital divide
the gap between the well to do and the poor in terms of their access to digital technology
80
footprints
in a broad sense - refers to the physical markings that reflect human activities
81
footprint accessibility
peoples ability to become noticeable by just establishing profiles on the web
82
digital separation
provides individuals with the opportunity to create a distinct digital identity for themselves
83
the four views of technology
the reflector, the enhancer/amplifier, the transformer, the separator
84
the reflector
the digital world is a reflection of our behavior and identity
85
the enhancer
the digital platform allows us to improve ourselves, but it also changes us as individuals in various ways
86
the separator
the digital world has become significant part of our lives and had given us a new way to express aspects of ourselves that we dont necessarily do in person
87
privacy
this is the ability of individuals to withdraw themselves from the presence of other people or remove info from public knowledge
88
identity theft
the theft and misuse of personal info
89
three types of privacy barriers
physical, behaviors, normative
90
physical barriers
such as walls and doors
91
behavioral barriers
communicate to others verbally, through language, or non verbally through personal space or body language or clothing
92
normative
laws and social norms that restrain others from attempting to access an individual
93
invasion of privacy
an attack or weakening of the right of individuals to keep some personal info private
94
reputation
a result of a complex evaluation of an individuals character and behavior
95
bank account analogy of reputation
most events that improve or damage an individuals reputation can be compared to bank deposits and withdrawals
96
halo effect
according to this effects human beings tend to "balance" their views about other people by holding onto a general expectation: a good person is supposed to do good things and a bad person is supposed to do bad things
97

Personality (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions