Exam 3 Personal Care Flashcards
What products are corrosive?
Acids- damages inorganic and organic material
What products are caustic
Alkalis- Disolves structure of an object. Burns by degrading organic tissue
At what pH do you get severe burns with alkalis?
> 12
<12 = irritation
MOA for acids
coagulative necrosis
Limited penetraiton
Immediate/intense pain
MOA for Alkalis
Liquefactive necrosis
Deep penetration -> perforation
+/- delayed sensation of burns
Clinical signs associated with cleaning product contamination
Feed refusal, dysphagia, pytalism, bloody vomiting, abdominal pain, polydypsia, blindness, +/- respiratory distress
Lesions associated with acids
Burns/ulcerations in oral cavity Esophageal lesions are rare- immediate pain deters further consumption Laryngeal swelling and spasms Corneal ulceration Acute inflammation
Lesions associated with Alkalis
Oral burns
Corneal ulcerations
Esophageal lesions- full thickness burns, perforation
GI: Bleeding pyloric burns
If they survive initially, tissue scarring and strictures are likly to occur
Treatment associated with ingestion of cleaning products (acids and bases)
DO NOT induce emesis- can cause added esophageal exposure and increase the risk for more burns
AC = ineffective
Adminsiter milk
Administer gastric protectants- sucralfate slurries
NPO!!- NG tube, IV fluids- maintain hydration
Pain management
treatment associated with ocular exposure of cleaning products (acids and bases)
Rinse with H20 20-30 minutes
Monitor for corneal ulceration
Treatment associated with dermal exposure of cleaning products (acids and bases)
wash with liquid dish detergent
sources of Solvents
Paint thinners
Gasoline
Kerosene
MOA for solvents
Cell and mucosal damage
Eye, skin, GI and respiratory irritation
Clinical effects associated with Solvents
GI: Vomiting, Bloat, Anorexia CNS: Depression, Tremors, Convulsions, Coma Skin and Eye: Epithelial damage Hematological: Bone marrow suppression Heart: Cardiac arrest Liver and kidney damage
What samples are good for diagnosing exposure to solvents
Blood (hemoconcentration, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
Bone marrow- prolonged exposure or very high amounts of ingestion
Serum: hypoglycemia, azotemia
Radiographs: aspiration pneumonia
Traetment associated with exposure to solvents
Supportive care: antibiotics, cage rest, treat for shock +/- blood transfusions
What practices are contraindicated for solvents
Emesis, gastric lavage, corticosteroids (you already have suppression of the bone marrow and immune system)
Activated charcoal- not effective for hydrocarbon solvents
what is more toxic, Na Hypochlorite, or Ca Hypochlorite
Na+ Hypochlorite
Bleach MOA
Na+ hypochlorite - produces chlorine gas when combined with acid of alkali. Causes coagulation and necrosis
Na peroxide - decomposes in the GI tract causing GI irritaion
Na perborate decomposes and causes gastric irritation
Clinical Signs associated with Bleach
Pytalism, vomiting, dysphagia, oral ulcerations, coughing, choking
Lesions associated with bleach
Irritation/inflammation of the Pharynx, glottis, larynx, lungs
Corneal ulceration with direct exposure, chlorine gas
Pulmonary edem
Treatment associated with Bleach ingestion
DO NOT INDUCE EMESIS!!!!! AC is ineffective Adminsiter milk- dilute the acid Monitor electrolyte levels Administer gastric protectants NPO! NG tube
Treatment associated with Bleach ocular exposure
Rinse with H2O
Monitor for corneal ulcerations
Treatment associated iwth Dermal exposure
wash with liquid dish detergent
How is chlorine gas formed with respect to Bleach
Bleach + (ammonias, alkali cleaners, OR acid cleaners) = Chlorine Gas
What damage is associated with Nonionic detergents
Mild irritant
Clincial signs associated with nonionic detergents
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Treatment for exposure to nonionic detergents
Decontamination: Dilute with milk and water, AC may not be needed
Supportive care as needed
What are sources of anionic Detergents
Laundry and dishwasher detergent
What effect does Anionic detergents have on the body
Moderate toxicity: irritant
High toxicity: electric detergents -> high alkalinity
Clinical signs associated with Anionic detergents
Hemolytic properties
Nephrotoxic
GI signs: nausea, V, D
Pharyngeal and esophageal burns
Treatment for Anionic detergents
decontamination: dilute with milk and water, AC may not be needed
supportive care as needed
Sources of Cationic detergents
Fabric softeners, Germicides, sanitizers
Properties of Cationic detergent exposure
Highly toxic: causes mucosal membrane irritaion and damage
Corrosive and caustic burns of the mouth and esophagus
What systemic effects are associated with Cationic detergents?
Salivation, weakness, CNS depression, respiratory depression, seizures
Treatment associated with cationic detergents
decontamination
Emesis is contraindicated
Supportive: analgesics, GI protectants, demulcents
Why are homemade soaps dangerous?
High alkaline content
MOA of Phenols
Direct irritation of membranes
Stimulation of the respiratory center- produces an alkalosis
concentrated phenol effects on the body
extremely corrosive
Clinical signs of Phenols
Mucosal ulcers/necrosis Mydriasis Tremors/convulsions Incoordination \+/- icterus
Lesions associated with Phenols
Dermal necrosis, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular necrosis
Respiratory inflammation
Clinical Pathology associated with Phenol cases
Proteinuria, hematuria, urinary casts, increased liver enzymes
