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Advanced Pharm > Exam 3: Pathways and Notes > Flashcards

Exam 3: Pathways and Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Carbamazepine Uses
*What does it mean by Autoinducer?

A

Generalized Tonic-Clonic, Focal DOC, TGN, Bipolar
*Autoinduces CYP450, so degraded quick

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2
Q

3 Drugs for Tx of Alcohol Withdrawal

A

Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiram

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3
Q

Long Term Relievers for Asthma
*Classes with Drugs

A
  1. Corticosteroids - Prednisone, Fluticasone
  2. Leukotriene Blockers - Montelukast
  3. Monoclonal Antibodies - Omalizumab
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4
Q

AED DOC for Infantile Seizures [NOT SPASMS]
*MOA

A

Phenobarbital
*Sedation-Hypnotic

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5
Q

Common Alcohol Dehydrogenase Pathway

A

Alcohol to Acetaldehyde [by Alcohol Dehydrogenase]
Acetaldehyde to acetate [by Aldehyde dehydrogenase]

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6
Q

Immune Response: Pt.2
*Mast Cells
*Neutrophils/Eosinophils

A

*Mast cells: Contain granulations with histamine inside; IgE mediated; chemical/mechanical destruction = histamine release
*Neutrophils/Eosinophils: release proteases and cause fluid leakage/inflammation in tissue

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7
Q

AED DOC for Absense Seizures
*MOA

A

Ethosuximide
*Blocks Ca++ channel

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8
Q

Valproic Acid Use
*Displaces what other drug to cause increased risk for toxicity

A

Absence, Tonic-Clonic, Clonic, Bipolar, Migraine

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9
Q

Serotonin Syndrome
*S/S
*Tx

A

S/S: Vasoconstriction, Tachycardia, Flushing, sweating, hyperthermia, clonus, mydriasis
Tx: Intubate, sedate [benzos], paralyze, cool

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10
Q

Dopamine Mesolimbic Pathway

A

Tyrosine (Broke down by T Hydroxylase) - L-DOPA (broke down by Dopa Decarboyxlase) - Dopamine

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11
Q

Narrow TI/ 0 Order Kinetics
*Drugs from all

A

Theophylline, Phenytoin, Alcohol

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12
Q

Histamine Antagonists
*1st vs 2nd Gen

A

Inverse Agonists [antagonists]
*1st - BBB; Benadryl, dramamine, phenergran
*2nd - NO BBB; claritin, allegra, zyrtec
H2 Blockers - OTC Antacids

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13
Q

Ethosuxamide Use

A

DOC for Absence

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14
Q

Early Response to Allergen

A

Mast Cells: Histamine, PGD, IL

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15
Q

How does Disulfiram work?
*When to give it
*S/S

A

Blocks Aldehyde dehydrogenase
*Give for chronic alcoholics
*S/S: N/V, HA, tremors [worst hangover ever]

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16
Q

3 Types of Partial Seizures

A

Simple [aware]
Complex [impaired aware]
2nd Generalized [Focal - Bilateral Tonic Clonic]

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17
Q

How many drinks/hr can an adult metabolize?

A

1

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18
Q

Status Epi Meds in Order

A

Diazepam, Fosphenytoin, Phenobarb

19
Q

Tx: West Syndrome [Infantile Spasms]
*What not to give

A

Palliative, Steroids, Vigabatrin
*DO NOT give Phenobarb

20
Q

Levels of Sleep: With Hypnotics

A

Decreased Time to fall asleep [P1]
Increased time in NREM [Stage 2 - desired]
Decreased REM - NOT desired
Decreased Stage 4 NREM - NOT desired

21
Q

Phenytoin Uses
*Displaced by what other med, leading to increased risk of toxicitiy

A

Generalized Tonic-Clonic, ALL Focal
*Valproic Acid

22
Q

Pharmacologic Tx for Sleep Problems

A

Ambien and Lunesta

23
Q

Causes of Serotonin Syndrome

A

SSRI, MAOIs, Sumitriptan, MDMA, St. Johns Wart

24
Q

Late Response to Allergen

A

WBC: Neutrophils and Eosinophils [Proteases]

25
Q

Short Term Relievers for Asthma
*Classes with Drugs

A
  1. Beta Agonists - Epi, Isoproterenol, Albuterol, Salmeterol/Formotorol
  2. Methylxanthines - Theophylline
  3. M3 Antagonists - Atropine, Ipratropium, Tiotropium
26
Q

Tryptophan Pathway

A

L-Tryptophan (broke down by TPH) –> 5HTP (broke down by 5HT decarboxylase) –> 5HT = Melatonin, OR 5HT (broke down by MAO) –> 5-HIYAA

27
Q

Pt comes in after not drinking alcohol for a while and is confused with paralysis of their eye muscles. What is most likely the cause and what is the Tx?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome from B1 deficiency
*Give thiamine/banana bag

28
Q

When do avoid giving Phenobarb

A

Absence, Drop, Infantile Spasms

29
Q

AED DOC for Focal Seizures
*MOA

A

Carbamazepine
* Blocks Na+ channel

30
Q

Historical Tx of Seizures

A

Trephining [burr holes]
Cupping
Herbal
Animal Extracts

31
Q

How does Phenytoin effect the NMB

A

Blocks it at lose dose
At higher doses, enhances it

32
Q

What is the most common cause of seizures in adults

A

Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures

33
Q

Chronic Alcohol MEOS Pathway
*This causes ? to weight

A

Ethanol to Acetaldehyde [MEOS]
Acetaldehyde to Acetate [Aldehyde Dehydrogenase]
*Decreased Calories = skinny

34
Q

Serotonin Agonists w/ Receptors

A

Buspirone - 5-HT 1A
Sumitriptan - 5-HT 1B/1D

35
Q

Phenytoin Levels
*Therapeutic
*Free
*Toxic
*Lethal

A

10-20 mcg/mL
1-2.5 mcg/ml
30-50 mcg/mL
>100 mcg/mL

36
Q

Use for Lamotrigine
*MOA

A

Partial and Absence Seizures
*Ion channel blocker

37
Q

Immune Response: Pt.1
*Dendrite Cells
*T-Cells
*B-Cells

A

*Dendrite Cells: mucus breaks down allergen and presents it on MCH2-R, which activates immune cells in Lymph Node
*T-Cells: Activated in allergic reaction; release IL4, which dupixent can block
*B-Cells: Turn into plasma cells and are used for memory and antibody production

38
Q

2 Main Drugs for “General” Seizures; not Focal or General Tonic-Clonic

A

Ethosuximide
Valproic Acid

39
Q

Serotonin Antagonists w/ Receptors

A

Phenoxybenzamine - 5-HT2
Zofran - 5-HT3
Cyproheptadine - 5-HT2, H1

40
Q

Serotonin Effects:
*Respiratory
*CV
*CNS: include chemoreceptor reflex
*GI

A

*Bronchoconstriction, hyperventilation
*Inotrope, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
*Vomiting, Pain and Itch, Bradycardia and hypotension [Chemoreceptor]
*Increased Peristalsis

41
Q

How does dupixent work?

A

Blocks IL4 produced by T-Cells

42
Q

What 3 Drugs to avoid if a Pt has a Hx of Seizures

A

Demerol, Sevo, methohexital [barb]

43
Q

How does Fomepizole work?
*When to give it

A

Blocks Alcohol Dehydrogenase
*Given for Methanol/Antifreeze ingestion

Advanced Pharm (9 decks)

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