Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Pharm > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic Activity on Body
*Heart
*Blood Vessels
*Bronchioles
*GI
*Urinary

A

*Decelerates Heart [M2]
*Relax smooth vessels [M3]
*Contract Bronchioles [M3]
*Contract Gi/Increase secretions [M3]
*Contract Bladder [M3]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PNS: PNS Plexi

A

Long Pre Fibers; Short Post Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PNS: Nm location

A

skeletal muscle end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

AntiHTN 4 Classes w/ main action

A

Diuretics - Deplete Na+
Sympathoplegics - Decrease PVR,CO
Direct Vasodilators - relax vascular smooth muscle
Anti-Angiotensins - Block activity or production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 main sources to PVR

A

BV diameter, viscosity, BV length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CHF:
*Diuretics
*ACE/ARBS
*Vasodilators
*BB

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathomimetics: Direct Agonists
*Epi, Norepi, Isoproterenol, Dopamine

A

*Epi - A, B1, B2
*Norepi - A, B1
*Isoproterenol - B1, B2
*Dopamine - D, B1 [dose dependent]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CHF:
*Ca++
*Cardiac Glycosides
*PDE Inhibitor
*Catecholamines

A

*Cardiac Glycosides [digoxin] - + inotrope, inhibits NaK ATPase, Decrease AP and Na+ gradient
*PDE [Milrinone] - prolong cAMP and cGMP; + inotrope, Decrease PVR
*Catehcolamines - Dopamine, Dobutamine [+ inotrope]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Substitutions in Catecholamines

A

reduce potency; inactivated by COMT in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beta Agonist Functions

A

Decreased BP, Decreased vascular tones, increased heart functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parasympatholytics: Antimuscarinics
*4 Drugs with use

A

Atropine - Organophosphate poisoning [with pralidoxime], bradycardia
Scopalamine - motion sickness
Tropicamide - mydriasis and Dx of Cycloplegia
Ipratromine - asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AntiHTN: Angiotensin Inhibitors and Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

A

ACE, ARBS, Bosentan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AntiHTN: Sympathoplegic Adrenoreceptor Antagonist
*drugs w/ purpose

A

1.) Prazosin - more effective w BB
2.) Propanolol - not selective, prevents reflex brady

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PNS: M1, M3, M5

A

Excite; CNS neurons, smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 Major Groups of Anti HTN meds

A

Diuretics, Sympathoplegics, Direct vasodilators, Anti-angiotensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PNS: M2, M4

A

Inhibit: CNS Neurons, Myocardium, smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does Phentalomine turn Epi into a depressor

A

Alpha antagonist; blocks epi; used in pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Minoxidil and how does it work

A

Rogain - Open K+ Channels; can cause tachycardia and hypertrichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does Nipride work

A

Arterial and venous dilation by releasing more cAMP; be aware of CN poisoning [protect from light]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do Verapamil, Diltiazem, and Dyhydropyridines work

A

Verapamil - Heart
Diltiazem - Heart and Peripheral
Dyhydropyridines - Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oral Vasodilators and MOA

A

Hydralazine [NO in endothelial cells], Minoxidil [Open K Channels to hyperpolarize]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Basic Structures of Catecholamines

A

Benzene ring w hydroxyl groups and amine group chain on the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Innervation to Skeletal Muscle Blood Vessels

A

A1 Vasoconstriction - 20% @ Rest; 80% w/ activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cholinomimetics (Parasympathomimetics): Indirect

A

Simple Alcohols
Carbamates
Organophosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Substitutions in Alpha Carbons

A

MAO blocks oxidation = prolongs action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

AntiHTN: Vasodilators 6 Types

A

Hydralazine - Stimulates NO release
Minoxidil - K+ channels
Nipride - NO/CN toxicity, dilate artery/vessels
Fenoldopam - D1 agonist
CCB - Verapamil [Heart], Cardizem, Dihydropyridines
Nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

6 Main NTM Classes with Examples

A
  • Esters - ACh
    *Monoamines[Catecholamines] - NE, Serotonin, Dopamine
    *AA - GABA, Glutamate
    *Purines - Adenosine, ATP
    *Peptides - Substance P, Endorphins
    *Inorganic Gases - NO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Parenteral Vasodilators and MOA

A

Nipiride [release NO from drug or endothelium]
Fenoldopam [activates Dopamine receptors]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

SNS: Chain Ganglia

A

Short Pre Fibers; Long Post Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Parasympatholytics: Antinicotinics
*Drug classes with Drugs

A

NMJ Blockers: Depolarizing, Non-Depolarizing

38
Q

Main cause of Nicotine Toxicity? Tx?

A

Eating cigs;

39
Q

MAP formula

A

DBP + 1/3 [SBP-DBP]

40
Q

How does an ACE Blocker Work

A

Blocks Angiotensin 1 from becoming 2, and blocks bradykinin from becoming inactive

41
Q

Antidote for Nipride

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

42
Q

How does an ARB work

A

Blockes receptor sites for Angiotensin 2; causes vasodilation and decreased Na+ absorption and decreased Blood Volume [blocks aldosterone secretion]

43
Q

Contraindications for Atropine

A

Closed-Angle Glaucoma and BPH

44
Q

Cholinomimetics in MG and Post-Op Ileus

A

MG - AChesterase inhibitors to help with more ACh reaching the nACh-R
Ileus - Increased motility, so increased chance to resolve

45
Q

Nitrates: Nitro
*Amyl Nitrites
*Mononitro [Isosorbide]

A

NO release, 1-3 min onset, 20-30 min duration

46
Q

En Passant Synapse

A

Where the Axon swells and releases NTM out

47
Q

Sympathetic Activity
*Heart
*Blood Vessels
*Bronchioles
*Liver
*GI
*Kidney

A
  • Increases/Accelerates Heart - B1,B2
    *Relax skeletal muscle/constrict smooth muscle - A
    *Relax Bronchioles - Relax B2
    *Liver - Glycogenolysis B2
    *GI - Relax/Contract A2,B2
    *Contract Kidney
48
Q

Sympathomimetics: Indirect Agonist
*2 examples

A

*Amphetamine - Displacement of NE, Reverse NET
*Cocaine - Block NET, DAT

49
Q
A
50
Q

In which Glaucoma do you avoid Atropine? Why?

A

Angle Closure/ Narrow Angle; atropine relaxes the ciliary muscle, which will increase ocular pressure by blocking the drainage of aqueous humor [blind]

51
Q

Alpha Agonist Effect

A

IncreasedBP, Decreased HR [vagal], increased vascular tone

52
Q

Cholinomimetics (Parasympathomimetics): Esters of Choline [Direct]
*With main use/effect

A

ACh - Miosis
Methacholine - Diagnosis for Asthma
Carbachol - IOP
Bethanechol - Bladder Dysfunction, GERD

53
Q

Class 2 - Sympatholytic [bb]

A

Propanolol, esmolol

54
Q
A
55
Q

Indirect Acting Cholinomimetics: 3 classes w/examples

A

Simple Alcohols - Fast
*Edrophonium - Dx of MG
Carbamates - Moderate
*AChesterase Inhibitors
Organophosphates - Days
*Echothiophate - Glaucoma

56
Q
A
57
Q

Sympathomimetics: Direct Agonists
*Dobutamine, Phenylephrine, Midodrine, Clonidine, Precedex, Ephedrine

A

*Dobutamine - B1
*Neo - A
*Midodrine - A1
*Clonidine - A2
*Precedex - A2
*Ephedrine - Both direct and indirect

58
Q

SNS: A1 with subtype and 2nd messenger

A

Gq [Excite]; Phospholipase C -> IP3, DAG

59
Q

Class 4 - Block Cardiac Ca++ channel

A

Verapimil

60
Q

3 Drug classes for Angina

A

Nitrates, CCB, BB

61
Q

AntiHTN: Sympathoplegics 2 classes
*with drugs

A

Centrally Acting - A2>A1
*Methyldopa
*Clonidine
Andrenoreceptor Antagonist - A and B Blockers
*Prazosin
*Propanolol

62
Q

Combination Vasodilators

A

CCB

63
Q

Hydralazine toxicity resembles what AI disease

A

SLE

64
Q

Triphasic Dopamine

A

D1 - Vasodilation and activates B1 in heart
Low dose - decrease peripheral resistance
High dose - mimics act of epi

65
Q

Loveheim Cube of Emotion

A

NE, Serotonin, Dopamine

66
Q

Cholinomimetics (Parasympathomimetics): Direct Groups

A

Esters of Choline
Plant Alkaloids

67
Q

Sympatholytics: Alpha-Blockers
*2 Classes w/ meds

A

Reversible -
*Phentalomine - A1,A2
*Prazosin - A1 [BPH]
*Labetolol - A,B blocker
Irreversible -
*Phenoxybenzamine [pheochromocytoma] - Covalent bond At A1

68
Q

Cholinomimetics (Parasympathomimetics): 3 Classes of Indirect
*Their main use, drugs included

A

Simple Alcohols - Fast
*Edrophonium - Dx of MG
Carbamates - Moderate
*AChesterase Inhibitors
Organophosphates - Days
*Echothiophate - Glaucoma

69
Q

What drug blocks Renin production

A

Aliskiren

70
Q

3 Types of Synapses per lecture

A

En passant, chemical, electrical

71
Q

Main use of Methyldopa

A

Pregnancy induced HTN

72
Q

Nicotinic vs Cholinergic Receptor Difference

A

N - takes places at NMJ
C - Takes place at Effector Cells

73
Q

HTN Urgency

A

> 180/110 without organ damage

74
Q

Direct Acting Cholinomimetics: 2 Classes w/ examples

A

Plant Alkaloids - Nictonine, Muscarine, Betel Nut, Pilocarpine
Esters - ACh, “chol or choline”

75
Q

Sympatholytics: Beta Blockers
*4 Drugs

A

*Propanolol - B1,B2
*Metoprolol, Atenolol - B1 [safer in asthma]
*Labetolol - A1, B1, B2 [preeclampsia], pheochromocytoma
*Esmolol - B1

76
Q
A
77
Q

HTN Crisis

A

> 180/110 with organ damage

78
Q

PNS: Nn location

A

Post Ganglia

79
Q

Cholinomimetics (Parasympathomimetics): Plant Alkaloid [Direct]
*2 classes with meds

A

Muscarinic - Muscarine, Pilocarpine
Nicotine - Nicotine, Arecoline [Betel Nut]

80
Q

Cholinoceptor Blockers (Parasympatholytics): 2 Types

A

Antimuscarinics, Antinicotinics

81
Q

AntiHTN: Central Acting Sympathoplegics: Drugs w/purpose

A

1.) Methyldopa - not for 1st line, Pregnancy induced HTN
2.) Clonidine - Prolonged hypotension, Sedative, ADHA, tourettes, withdrawal

82
Q

Class 1 - Na+ channel Blockade

A

Quinidine, Procainimide [prolong ADP]

83
Q

CCB: Angina and HF

A

Most effective for variant angina; CCB make HF worse

84
Q

Organophosphate Poisoning: S/S and Tx

A

Miosis, salivation, bronchiole constriction, n/v/d [SLUDGEM]; Atropine with Pralidoxime

85
Q
A
86
Q

B1 and B2 Receptors

A

B1 - Heart
B2 - Lungs

87
Q

S/S Atropine OD; Tx

A

Blind, confused, hot, dry, flushed, tremors; Tx is AChesterase inhibitor or Pilocarpine

88
Q

SNS: A2 w/subtype and 2nd Messenger

A

Gi [inhibitory]; blocks Ad. Cyclase - decreased cAMP

89
Q

A1 and A2 Receptors

A

Smooth muscle, eyes, GI, presynaptic nerve terminal

90
Q

SNS: B1,B2 w/ subtype and 2nd Messenger

A

Gs [excite]; Increase Ad. Cyclase - Increased cAMP

91
Q

Class 3 - Prolonged AP duration

A

Amio

92
Q

RAAS System

A

renin produced - renin stimulates angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 - Angiotensin 1 - 2 via ACE in lungs - 2 constricts vessel and stimulates aldosterone being secreted [increased blood volume and renal absorption]

Advanced Pharm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions