Exam 3 Part 2 Flashcards
What type of hypersensitivity occurs within hours if prior sensitized
Type II
How quickly can type II hypersensitivity occur if it is prior sensitized
within hours
Type II hypersensitivity can occur within hours if …
prior sensitized
What type of hypersensitivity includes the fixation of complement results in target cell lysis or phagocytosis of antibody coated phagocytes
Type II
Type II hypersensitivity has what cells involved
Target cell lysis
Phagocytosis
What Ig classes are important for type II hypersensitivity
IgG
IgM
What type of hypersensitivity uses IgG and IgM
Type II
What type of hypersensitivity has a clinical syndrome that consists of cytolysis of antibody coated cells leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia or neutropenia
Type II
Type II hypersensitivities have a clinical syndrome of
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Type II hypersensitivity is also known as
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity is what type of hypersensitivity
Type II
What type of hypersensitivity occurs when antibodies and complement destroy normal/healthy cells
Type II
Type II hypersensitivity occurs when antibodies and complement do what
destroy normal/healthy cells
What type of hypersensitivity has destruction of transfused RBCs when administered to mismatched recipient
Type II
Type II hypersensitivity results in destruction of what
transfused RBCs
What causes transfused RBCs to be destroyed
Administration to a mismatched recipient
What happens to RBCs when they are administered to a mismatched recipient
Destruction
When destruction of RBCs occurs disease is due to what
lysis of transfused RBCs
What components play a role in lysis of transfused RBCs
antibodies and complement
Antibodies and complement play a role in
lysis of transfused RBCs
Mothers may become sensitized by their fetus during pregnancy and make antibodies against
Fetal RBCs
Antibodies against fetal RBCs, when ingested in colostrum cause destruction of
Newborn animals RBCs
Newborn animals RBCs are destroyed when ___ is ingested in colostrum
Antibodies against fetal RBCs
When newborn animals ingest colostrum with antibodies against fetal RBCs, this disease is known as
hemolytic disease of the newborn
What happens in hemolytic disease of the newborn
Ingests colostrum with antibodies against fetal RBCs
Some vaccines may induce anti-MHC antibodies in what animals
cows
In cows, some vaccines may induce ___ antibodies
anti-MHC
In cows what can induce anti-MHC antibodies
Vaccine
In cows vaccine can induce anti-MHC ___
antibodies
What occurs if anti-MHC antibodies are ingested in colostrum
lethal pancytopenia in calves
Lethal pancytopenia in calves occurs how
ingestion of colostrum with anti-MHC antibodies
When ingested in colostrum ____ cause lethal pancytopenia in calves
anti-MHC antibodies
How do calves obtain lethal pancytopenia
Colostrum
Lethal pancytopenia in calves is due to what antibodies
anti-MHC
Lethal pancytopenia is induce by what
vaccines
Vaccines can induce what in calves due to their mother
Lethal pancytopenia
What may bind to blood cells and make them targets of antibodies in type II reactions
Drugs
Drugs may bind to what and make them targets of antibodies in type II reactions
blood cells
Drugs may bind to blood cells and make them targets of ___ in type II reactions
antibodies
Drugs may bind to blood cells and make them targets of antibodies in what type of reactions
Type II
What antibodies may cause disease by binding to their target antigens in cells and tissues
IgM
IgG
What antibody cannot cause disease by binding to their target antigens in cells and tissues
IgE
True/False
IgM, IgG and IgE may cause disease by binding to their target antigens in cells and tissues
False
NOT IgE
____ may cause disease by binding to their target antigens in cells and tissues
IgM
IgG
What does not cause disease when binding to their target antigens in cells and tissues
IgE
IgG and IgM may cause disease by binding to their target ___
antigen
Antibodies that cause disease most often are
autoantibodies against self antigens
Autoantibodies against self antigens cause disease how often
Most often
Rare cases involve antibodies specific for ___antigens
foreign
microbial
What type of antigens are microbial
Foreign
Foreign antigens are also known as what type of antigens
microbial
Following ___ infections some invididuals produce anti-streptococcal antibodies that cross react with heart tissue
Streptococcal
Streptococcal infections cause individuals to produce anti-steptococcal antibodies that do what
cross react
What do anti-streptococcal antibodies cross react with
heart tissue
When anti-streptococcal antibodies cross react with heart tissue it induces what
rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is what type of disease
inflammatory
True/False
Rheumatic fever can lead to acute heart failure
True
Rheumatic fever can lead to what
acute heart failure
what inflammatory disease can lead to acute heart failure
rheumatic fever
Injury caused by anti-tissue antibody causes complement and Fc receptor mediated recruitment and activation of
inflammatory cells
What occurs to cause complement and Fc receptor mediated recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells
Injury caused by anti-tissue antibody
Antibodies can form ____ complexes
Immune
What can form immune complexes
antibodies
Where do immune complexes deposit
- Blood vessels
2. Organs
What deposit in blood vessels and organs
immune complexes
When immune complexes are deposited in blood vessels it causes what
Vasculitis
Vasculitis is caused when what are deposited in blood vessels
Immune complexes
Vasculitis is caused when immne complexes are deposited where
blood vessels
When immune complexes are deposited in organs, anti-streptococcal antibodies deposit where
Kidney gloemruli
When anti-streptococcal antibodies deposit in kidney glomeruli it causes what
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused when what are deposited in kideny glomeruli
Streptococcal antibodies
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused when streptococcal antibodies are depostied where
kidney glomeruli
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis can lead to
renal failure
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is what type of disease
antibody-mediated
Rheumatic fever is what type of disease
antibody-mediated
Immune complex-mediated tissue injury causes complement and Fc receptor-mediated recruitment and activation of
inflammatory cells
Antibodies specific for cell antigens may bind to and promote ____
destruction of cells
Antibodies specific for cell antigens may bind to and interfere with
normal cellular functions
2 effector mechanisms of antibody-mediated diseases
opsonization and phagocytosis
opsonization and phagocytosis are effector mechanisms of what diseases
antibody-mediated
Antibodies specific for tissue antigens may deposit in
tissues
Antibodies specific for tissue antigens may deposit in tissues and cause injury by
inducing local inflammation
Complement and Fc receptor-mediated inflammation are effector mechanisms of what diseases
antibody-mediated
Antibodies specific for tissue antigens may deposit in tissues and cause disease by interfering with
normal cellular functions
antibodies against ach receptor cause
paralysis
Paralysis is caused when there are antibodies against
Ach receptor
What is it called when antibodies against Ach receptor cause paralysis
myasthenia gravis
myasthenia gravis is when antibodies against Ach receptor cause
paralysis
Anti-TSH antibody induce
hyperthyroidism
Graves disease is known as
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is known as
Graves disease
Graves disease occurs when ___ antibody induce hyperthyroidism
Anti-TSH
Antibody stimulates receptor without hormone
Antibody inhibits binding of neurotransmitter to receptor
these are 2 effector mechanisms of
antibody-mediated disease
Antibody can stimulate receptors without
hormone
Antibody inhibits binding of ___ to receptor
neurotransmitter
Antibody inhibits binding of neurotransmitter to
receptor
____inhibits binding of neurotransmitter to receptor
Antibody
___ stimulate receptor without hormone
Antibody
Does this cause cell/tissue injury
Antibody stimulates receptor without hormone
Antibody inhibits binding of neurotransmitter to receptor
No!
What disease has a target antigen of erythrocyte membrane proteins
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is what type of disease
antibody-mediated
What is the target antigen of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Erythrocyte membrane proteins
Examples of erythrocyte membrane proteins
Rh blood group antigens
I antigen
Rh blood group antigens
I antigen
are what type of target antigen
Erythrocyte membrane proteins
What disease has opsonization and phagocytosis of erythrocytes
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
What is the mechanism of disease of autoimune hemolytic anemia
Opsonization and phagocytosis of erythrocytes
What is the result of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hemolysis
Anemia
Hemolysis and anemia are the manifestations of what disease
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura is what type of disease
Antibody-mediated
what disease has a target antigen of platelet membrane proteins
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura has what type of target antigen
Platlet membrane proteins
Examples of platelet membrane proteins
gbIIb/IIIa integrin
gpIIb/IIIa integrins are what type of target antigen
platelet membrane proteins
What disease has opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura has what mechanism of disease
opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets
What is the result of Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Bleeding
What disease has the manifestation of bleeding
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
What type of disease is graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
Antibody-mediated
What disease has a target antigen of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH)
Graves disease
Graves disease has a target antigen of what
TSH
What disease has antibody-mediated stimulation of TSH receptors
Graves disease
What is the mechanism of Graves disease
Stimulation of TSH receptors
What is the result of graves disease
Hyperthyroidism
What disease has the manifestation of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
What type of disease is myasthenia gravis
antibody-mediated
What disease has the target antigen acetylchline receptor
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis has what target antigen
acetylcholine receptor
what disease has antibody that inhibits acetylcholine binding and down modulates receptors
Myasthenia gravis
What is the mechanism of myasthenia gravis
Antibody inhibits acetylcholine binding
What disease causes muscle weakness and paralysis
myasthenia gravis
What are the manifestations of myasthenia gravis
Muscle weakness
Paralysis
What type of disease is rheumatic fever
antibody-mediated
What disease has a target antigen of streptococcal cell wall antigen
Rheumatic fever
What disease has a target antigen of antibody cross reacting with myocardial antigen
Rheumatic fever
What are the 2 target antigens of rheumatic fever
Streptococcal cell wall
cross-reaction with myocardial antigen
What disease has a mechanism of inflammation and macrophage activation
rheumatic fever
What is the mechanism of Rheumatic fever
Inflammation
Macrophage activation
What is the overall effect of Rheumatic fever
Myocarditis and arthritis
What disease has manifestations of myocarditis and arthritis
Rheumatic fever
What type of disease is pemphigus vulgaris
Antibody-medited
What disease has proteins in intracellular junctions of epidermal cells (epidermal cadherin)
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris has a target antigen of
proteins in epidermal cells
What disease has antibody-mediated activation of proteases, and disruption of intracellular adhesions
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris has what mechanism of disease
Activation of proteases
Distruption of intracellular adhesion
What disease has manifestations of skin vesicles (bullae)
Pemphigus vulgaris
What are the manifestations of Pemphigus vulgaris
Skin vesicles
Skin vesicles are also called
bullae
Bullae are known as
skin vesicles
Allo-immune reactions caused by incompatibility between donor and recipient can cause what
Type iI hypersensitivity
Allo-immune reactions are caused by ___ between donor and recipient
incompatibility
Allo-immune reactions are caused by incompatibility between ___ and ____
donor and recipient
___reactions are caused by incompatibility between donor and recipient
Allo-immune
Blood transfusion reactions are due to
blood group incompatibility
Blood group incompatibility causes
blood transfusion reactions
Allo-immune reactions can cause what type of reactions
blood transfusion reactions
____ define blood types
Erythrocyte Glycoproteins
Erythrocycte Glycoproteins are ___
antigens
Erythrocyte Glycoproteins define
blood types
Natural antibodies are made to antigens on
bacteria or food
When are natural antibodies made
first days of life
What type of antibodies are made to antigens of bacteria or food during first days of life
Natural
Antigens from natural antibodies have similar epitopes as
blood type glycoproteins
Blood type glycoproteins have similar epitopes as
antigens from natural antibodies
Anti-glycoprotein antibodies react with ____
RBC antigens
What type of antibodies react with RBC antigens
Anti-glycoprotein
What blood type is not found in cats
Type O
Type O blood type is not found in what species
cat
What are the 3 blood types of humans and cats
A
B
AB
Type A, B and AB are blood types of
humans and cats
What blood type is the universal recipient
Type AB
Type AB has what special feature
universal recipient
What blood type is the universal donor of packed red blood cells
Type O
Type O has what 2 special features
No antigens
Universal donor of packed RBCs
What blood type does not have antigens
Type O
Type O blood does not have
antigens
What is the plasma antibody for Type A blood
Anti-B
Anti-B is the plasma antibody for what blood type
Type A
What is the plasma antibody for type B blood
Anti-A
Anti-A is the plasma antibody for what blood type
Type B
Anti-A has what 2 Ig classes
IgG
IgM
IgG and IgM are found in what blood type
Type B
What plasma antibody has IgG and IgM
Anti-A
What blood type has no antibodies to red cell antigens
Type AB
What is the plasma antibody of Type AB
No antibodies to red cell antigens
What blood type has the plasma antibody Anti-A Anti-B
Type O
Type O has what plasma antibody
Anti-A
Anti-B
What is the half life of transfused blood
1 hour
Why can cats with Grp B blood type go into shock with 1 mL of Grp A blood
High titer IgM anti-A antibodies
Can cats with Grp B blood go into shock with 1 mL of Grp A blood
Yes
Which group is dominant in USA
Grp A (A antigen)
Which group has anti-B antibodies
Grp A
Which group is seen mainly in Europe/Australia (Persian cats)
Grp B (B antigen)
Which group has anti-A antibodies
Grp B
which blood type is rare in cats
AB antigens
On a card test for feline blood groups agglutination =positive/negative
Positive
On a card test for feline blood groups smooth = positive/negative
Negative
On a card test for feline blood groups what indicates negative
smooth
On a card test for feline blood groups what indicates positive
agglutination
Each spot on the card has ____ impregnated
antibody
How much blood should you add to a spot
a drop
What indicates the antibody is bound to RBC glycoproteins
Agglutination
Agglutination of RBCs indicates ___ is bound to ____
antibody
RBC glycoproteins
DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are blood types of what species
Dog
What does DEA stand for
Dog erythrocyte antigen
How many blood groups does the dog have
8
How many blood groups do cattle have
11
Which species has 11 blood groups
Cattle
How many blood groups do horses have
7
Which species has 7 blood groups
Horses
How many blood groups do pigs have
16
Which species has 16 blood groups
Pigs
HDN stands for
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
Neonatal isoerythrolysis is also known as
HDN
Neonatal isoerythrolysis is what type of reaction
Allo-immune
Neonatal isoerythrolysis is seen in what species
Humans Horses Cattle Dogs Cats
Neonatal isoerythrolysis is what type of hypersensitivity
Type II
Fetal cells with parental antigen inherited from sire leak into ____
maternal circulation
when do fetal cells with parental antigen leak into maternal circulation
at birth
___ with paternal antigen leak into circulation
Fetal cells
Fetal cells with ___ leak into circulation
paternal antigen
Antibodies are produced by dam if ____ are foreign to dam (inherited from sire)
RBC antigens
____ are produced by dam if RBC antigens are foreign to dam
Antibodies
Antibodies are produced by dam if RBC antigens are
foreign to dam
if RBC antigens are foreign to dam they are inherited from
sire
Antibodies are produced by ___ if RBC antigens are foreign to dam
dam
subsequent foals or calves exposed to colostrum containing antibodies cause
hemolysis of RBCs
Subsequent foals or calves exposed to colostrum containing ____ causes hemolysis of RBCs
antibodies
Subsequent foals or calves exposed to ___ containing antibodies cause hemolysis of RBCs
colostrum
Mare with Aa-negative + Anti-Aa antibodies in colostrum =
hemolytic disease
Erythroblastosis fetalis is due to ___ incompatibility
Rh factor
Erythroblastosis fetalis is a type of what in humans
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
Rh factor stands for
Rhesus factor on erythrocytes
Rh factor is present on
erythrocytes
What factor is present on erythrocytes
Rh
In Erythroblastosis fetalis are the following positive or negative
Mother
Father
Baby
Mother Rh-
Father Rh +
Baby Rh+
When the mother is Rh-, maternal antibody is against what
Rh factor
When the mother is Rh-, ____ is against Rh factor
maternal antibody
In erythroblastosis fetalis maternal antibody is
against Rh factor
When IgG crosses the placenta, binds to fetal erythrocytes it causes
lysis
[complement activation]
___ crosses the placenta, binds to fetal erythrocytes, causing lysis
IgG
IgG crosses what
placenta
IgG crosses placent, binds to ___ and causes lysis
fetal erythrocytes
RBC breakdown generates what
bilirubin
____ generates bilirubin
RBC breakdown
___ accumulation in brain leads to encephalopathy
bilirubin
Bilirubin accumulation in ___ leads to encephalopathy
brain
Bilirubin accumulation in brain leads to
encephalopathy
Give anti-Rh antibody at 28 weeks of pregnancy and within 72 hours after birth is prevention for
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by giving ___
anti-Rh antibody
To prevent Erythroblastosis fetalis anti-Rh antibody needs to be given when
28 weeks of pregnancy and within 72 hours after birth
Secondary immune mediated cause of Type II hypersensitivity has altered epitopes or new epitopes created by
underlying causes
Haptenic drug mediated hypersensitivity may cause
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
What drug mediated hypersensitivity may cause anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia
Haptenic
Complement-coated penicilling modified red blood cells are phagocytosed by
macrophages
Penicillin modified red blood cells use what receptors
complement
Macrophages present
peptides
Macrophages present peptides from
penicillin-protein conjugate
When macrophages present peptides, they activate specific CD4 T cells to become
Th2 cells
What cells become Th2 cells
CD4 T cells
B cells are activated by
antigen
B cells are activated by antigen and help from activated __ cells
Th2
Plasma cells secrete penicillin specific ___
IgG
What cells secrete penicillin specific IgG
Plasma
Penicillin-specific IgG binds to modified
RBC
Activation of complement components C1-C9 and formation of membrane attack complex causes
lysis of RBC
Activation of complement components ___ cause lysis of RBC
C1-C9
Formation of what complex causes lysis of RBC
membrane attack complex
Activation of complement components ___ leads to covalent bonding of C3b
C1-C3
Activation of complement components C1-C3 leads to covalent bonding of
C3b
Activation of complement components C1-C3 also causes phagocytosis of antibody and complement coated ___
RBC
Secondary immune mediated causes of type II hypersensitivity has altered epitopes or new epitopes created by underlying causes or
infectious agents
Hemoparasites on RBCs cause ___ to be exposed, stimulating antibody production
new epitope
____ on RBCs cause new epitopes to be exposed, stimulating antibody production
Hemoparasites
Hemoparasites on RBCs cause new epitopes to be exposed stimulating
antibody production
Hemoparasites on RBCs cause new epitopes to be
exposed
Icterus is also known as
Jaundice
Mycoplasma canis or felis is what type of agent
Tick borne
Ab coats ___ with or without complement leading to extravascular or intravascular hemolysis and icterus
RBCs
What coats RBCs with/without complement leading to hemolysis and icterus
Ab
Ab coats RBCs with or without complement leading to extravascular or intravascular ___ and ___
hemolysis and icterus
Coombs anti-globulin test is a diagnostic test for
Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia
What is a diagnostic test for Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Coombs anti-globulin test
What does Coombs anti-globulin test for
Antibody on surface of RBCs
What diagnostic test, tests for antibody on the surface of RBCs
Coobs anti-globulin
Coombs anti-globulin test for
antibody
Coombs tests for antibody on
surface of RBCs
Coombs tests for ___ on surface of RBC
antibody
During what diagnostic test should you look for agglutination of RBCs
Coombs anti-gloulin
During a Coombs test you should look for what on RBCs
agglutination
Patient erythrocytes have what Ig on their surface
IgG
Coombs reagent is (monoclonal/polyclonal)
Polyclonal sera
Polyclonal sera includes what 4 components
Anti-dog IgG
Anti-dog IgM
Anti-dog IgA
Anti-C3b
IgG on patient erythrocyte + Coombs reagent =
agglutination
Precipitation and agglutination assay is a diagnostic test for
antibodies
Add what amount of antigen to precipitation and agglutination assay
Constant
In precipitation and agglutination assay add constant amount of
antigen
What can cause false negatives in precipitation and agglutination assay
Antibody or antigen excess
Equivalence in Precipitation tests leads to what formation
lattice
Pro zone has an excess of
Antibody
What zone is there an excess of antibody
Pro zone
Post zone has an excess of
Antigen
What zone is there an excess of antigen
Post zone
Ab stands for
antibody
Ag stands for
Antigen
Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry is a diagnostic test for
antibodies
What does the direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry detect
antibody-coated cells
What are antibody coated cells
RBC or platelets
RBCs and platelets are known as
antibody coated cells
What test detects antibody coated cells
Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry
What test is more sensitive and not dependent on agglutination
Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry
Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry is more sensitive and is not dependent on
agglutination
Fluorescent anti-equine IgG antibody + patient cells coated with antibody =
Fluorescence
Indirect immunofluorescence is a diagnostic test for
antibodies
What test is used to detect antibody in serum reactive to penicillin coated RBCs
Indirect immunofluorescence
Indirect immunofluorescence detects antibody in serum reactive to
penicillin coated RBCs
Fluorescent Anti-equine IgG antibody + patient antibody from serum + donor cells + penicillin =
fluorescence
In the indirect immunofluorescence test what 2 extra things do you need beside Anti-IgG antibody and patient antibody
Donor cells
Penicillin
Secondary to drug treatment
Secondary to infectious agents
Primary IMHA due to autoimmune process
these are all causes of
Immune-mediated Anemia or Thrombocytopenia
Hapten carrier complex is seen secondary to
drug treatment
What complex is seen secondary to drug treatment
Hapten-carrier complex
Causes of Immune-mediated anemia or thrombocytopenia
Secondary to drug treatment
Secondary to infectious agents
Primary IMHA due to autoimmune process
Haptens are too small to be
Antigenic
What are too small to be antigenic
Haptens
Penicillin is a type of
Hapten
Penicillin binds to
RBCs
When penicillin binds to RBCs, RBC acts as the
carrier
Triple sulfa antibiotics bind to
platelets
When triple sulfa antibotics bind to platelets, platelets act as the
carrier
Mycoplasma canis, M felis, Anaplasma are what type of diseases
tick borne
What virus has molecular mimicry
Equine infectious anemia
This is the treatment of what disease
Withhold colostrum
Provide blood transfusion and glucocorticoids
Hemolytic disease of newborns
What are some treatment options for hemolytic disease of newborns
withhold colostrum
blood transfusion
glucocorticoids
To provide treatment for hemolytic disease in newborns you need to determine if it is ___ or ____
primary or secondary
If secondary treat for
underlying condition
(primary/secondary) treat for underlying condition
secondary
What would you treat with if bacterial
antibiotics
What would the treatment option be if disease is drug induced
Remove drug
(primary/secondary) use immunosuppressive drugs
Primary
autoimmune disease is
primary/secondary
primary
Use immunosuppressive drugs
primary/secondary
primary
Glucocorticoids
Azathioprine
used to treat (primary/secondary) disease
primary
2 drugs that can be used to treat primary disease
Glucocorticoids
Azathioprine
Azathioprine inhibits what 2 things
IL-2
proliferation
IL-2 and proliferation are both inhibited by what drug
Azathioprine
Blood transfusion reaction and neonatal isoerythrolysis are both what type of reactions
Allo-immune
Secondary immune mediated hypersensitivity are caused by what 3 things
Haptenic drugs
Infectious agents
Cancer
Cancer
Haptenic drugs
Infectious agents
are all due to what type of hypersensitivity
Secondary immune mediated
3 causes of Type II hypersensitivities
Allo-immune reactions
secondary immune mediated
primary immune mediated
What type of hypersensitivity is due to immune complex mediated tissue injuries
Type III
What type of hypersensitivity occurs within hours if prior sensitized
Type III
Type III hypersesnsitivity occurs how quickly
within hours
Type III hypersensitivity occurs within hours if
prior sensitized
What are the main cells involved in Type III hypersensitivity
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the main cell involved in what type of hypersensitivity
Type III
Neutrophils, some mast cells, infilitrate secondary to complement activation are the cells involved in what type of hypersensitivity
Type III
What Ig classes are involved in type III hypersensitivities
IgG
IgA
IgG and IgA are the Ig classes of what type of hypersensitivity
Type III
What type of hypersensitivity has immune complexes that deposit on capillaries, complement activation leading to immune complex disease
Type III
What is the clinical syndrome of hypersensitivity type III
Immune complex disease
Vasculitis
Glomerulonephritis
Arthritis
all lead to what disease
immune complex disease
What are 3 things that lead to immune complex disease
Vasculitis
Glomerulonephritis
Arthritis
Where does immune complex formation occur in type III hypersensitivity
vessels
When immune complex formation occurs in the vessels it leads to what response
inflammatory response
Inflammatory response primarily affect what areas of the body
Skin synovia lung eye kidney vessels in organs (liver)
Immune complex deposits
Complement cascade activated
Activation of neutrophils/mast cells
are the 3 phases of
Hypersensitivity type III
Hypersensitivity type III has what 3 phases
- Immune complex deposits
- Complement cascade is activated
- Activation of Neutrophils/Mast cells
Immune complex includes what 2 components
antigen-antibody
Where do immune complex components get deposited
tissue/blood vessels
What complex is deposited in tissues/blood vessels
Immune complex
What phase of Type III hypersensitivity includes chemotactic complement proteins released and recruits cells
Complement cascade is activated
What 2 cells does the complement cascade recruit when it is activated
Neutrophils and Mast cells
What are released when the complement cascade is activated
chemotactic complement proteins
C3a and C5a are what type of proteins
chemotactic complement
What phase of hypersensitivity type III leads to release of enzymes and ROS that damage tissues/vessels
Activation of neutrophils/mast cells
activation of neutrophils/mast cells leads to the release of ___ and ____
enzymes and ROS
Release of enzymes and ROS damages what
tissues/vessels
What 2 things that are released during activation of neutrophils/mast cells damage tissues/vessels
enzymes and ROS
During arthus reaction, locally injected antigen in immune individual with what type of antibody
IgG
Locally injected antigen in immune individual with IgG antibody is due to what reaction
Arthus reaction
In the arthus reaction the local immune-complex formation occurs if what is already present in circulation
antibody
What complex is formed if antibody is already present in circulation
Local immune-complex
Local immune-complex formation occurs if antibody is already present where
in circulation
Activation of complement releases ____ and induces ____
inflammatory mediators
Mast-cell degranulation
C5a, C3a, C4a and C5a are all what
inflammatory mediators
Activation of ___ releases inflammatory mediators and induces mast-cell degranulation
Complement
Local inflammation, movement of fluid and protein into tissue and blood vessel occlusion are all what reaction
Arthus
Arthus reaction causes __ inflammation
Local
Arthus reaction has movement of what into tissue
fluid and protein
In the arthus reaction movement of fluid and proteins goes where
into tissue
Arthus reaction causes what occlusion
blood vessel
Arthus reaction causes blood vessel ___
occlusion
In the arthus reaction, injecting repeatedly normal horse serum via what route
subcutaneous
In the arthus reaction what is injected repeatedly subcutaneously
normal horse serum
Later injections in arthus reaction can lead to
Edema
Indurations hemorrhagic necrosis
Edema and indurations hemorrhagic necorsis are all due to (sooner/later) injections
later
What reaction manifests as localized form of generalized hypersensitivity
Arthus
Arthus reaction manifests as what form of generalized hypersensitivity
localized form
Damage in the arthus reaction is due to what complexes
antigen and antibody
When there is damage caused due to antigen and antibody complexes it leads to activation of
complement
Arthus reaction releases what molecules
inflammatory
Arthus reaction can cause what
tissue necrosis
Arthus reaction has vascular permeability and infilitration of
neutrophils
Arthus reaction has ___ permeability and infilitration of neutrophils
vascular
In arthus reaction where is the site of immune-complex deposition
perivascular area
Perivascular area is the site of immune-complex deposition for what reaction
Arthus
In farmers lung alevolar infiltrates consist of
neutrophils
In what disease do alveolar infilitrates consist of neutrophils
Farmers lung
Farmers lung consists of immune complexes where
alevolar capillary walls
What disease has immune complexes in alveolar capillary walls
Farmers lung
In farmers lung the antigen is what type of spores
fungal
What disease has an antigen that is fungal spores
Farmers lung
What is the route of how farmers lung is obtained
inhaled
What disease has a site of imune-complex deposition at the alveolar/capillary interface
Farmers lung
In farmers lung, the site of immune-complex deposition is where
alveolar/capillary interface
Farmers lung is known as what in horses
heaves
Heaves in horses is known as what in humans
farmers lung
Intravascular antigen-antibody complex formation leads to deposit in
blood vessel
Deposit of antigen-antibody complex in blood vessel leads to
Vasculitis
Vasculitis is caused by
deposit of antigen-antibody complex in blood vessel
Vasculitis is obtained by what route
Intravenous (high dose)
What disease has a site of immune-complex deposition in blood vessel walls
vasculitis
Vasculitis has a site of immune-complex deposition where
blood vessel walls
What disease has a site of immune-complex deposition in renal glomeruli
nephritis
Nephritis has a site of immune-complex deposition where
Renal glmoeruli
what disease has a site of immune-complex deposition in joint spaces
arthritis
Arthritis has a site of immune complex deposition where
joint spaces
Immune complex formation
phase 1,2,3
1
Immune complex deposition
phase 1,2,3
2
Complex-mediated inflammation
phase 1,2,3
3
Post. strept. equin vasculitis lesions are due to what disease
vascultiis
Purpura hemorrhagia is due to what disease
vasculitis
Blue eye is what type of response
Local type III
What is an example of a local type III response
blue eye
Blue eye is specifically known as
corneal edema
Corneal edema is commonly known as
blue eye
Ag-Ab complexes to canine MLV adenovirus vaccine I or infection deposits where
in cornea
What type of complexes to canine MLV adenovirus vaccine I or infection depositions in cornea
Ag-Ab
Ag-Ab compleses to what vaccine leads to deposits in cornea
MLV adenovirus vaccine
When complement binds Ab-complement system is activated it stimulates emigration of what
neutrophils
When there is emigration of neutrophils it causes
anterior uveitis
Anterior uveitis is due to emigration of
neutrophils
Complement binds what system, and when activated stimulated emigration of neutrophils
Ab-complement system
What binds Ab-complement system and when activated sitmulates emigration of neutrophils
Complement
Enzymes/substances released from PMNs leads to
corneal edema
Corneal edema leads to
fluid accumulation and opacity
What causes fluid accumulation and opacity
corneal edema
Enzymes/substances are released from ___ leading to corneal edema
PMNs
What are released from PMNs that lead to corneal edema
Enzymes/substances
To diagnose what disease, perform a direct immunofluorsecent antibody test
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is diagnosed by performing what test
direct immunofluorescent antibody test
Direct immunofluorsecent antibody test uses fluorescent anti-species ___ on tissue biopsies
IgG
Immunofluorescence test to diagnose glomerulonephritis detects ___
antibody
Immunofluorescnece test to diagnose glomerulonephritis detects antibody coating
glomerulus
Blue eye due to adenovirus type I MLV is due to what type of reaction
Local
Pneumonitis Serum sickness Peritonitis Dermal vasculitis, pneumonitis, myositis Glomerulonephritis are all (loca/systemic reactions)
Systemic
Heaves in horses is due to
moldy hay
Moldy hay causes what in horses
heaves
What reaction occurs when farmer’s lung in people or heaves in horses happens
Pneumonitis
Pneumonitis is caused by
Farmers lung or heaves
Anti-serum depositions in vessels of liver causes
hepatitis
Hepatitis is due to anti-serum depositions where
liver
Anti-serum depositions in kidney causes
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is due to anti-serum depositons where
kidney
