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Dental Hygiene 3020 Test 1 > Exam 3 part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the organic contents of calculus?

A

lipids(free fatty acids, phospholipids) and a protein portion;;; also includes microorganisms, desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, and mucin from saliva

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2
Q

what are the three basic steps of calculus formation?

A

pellicle formation, biofilm formation, and mineralization

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3
Q

what factors affect calculus formation?

A

salivary flow, salivary supersaturation with calcium, phosphate salts, and inhibitors and promoters of calculus formation

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4
Q

what is the difference between supragingival and subgingival calculus crystal?

A

calcium to phosphate ratio is lower in supragingival calculus

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5
Q

heavy calculus formers have higher salivary levels of ____ and ____

A

calcium and phosphorus than do light calculus formers

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6
Q

calculus forms in layers that are more or less ______ with the tooth surface

A

parallel

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7
Q

what are the lines between the layers of calculus called?

A

incremental lines

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8
Q

on the surface of calculus is a thick, mat like, soft layer of what

A

dental biofilm

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9
Q

what is the average time of calculus formation?

A

12 days, with a range from 10 days for rapid calculus formers to 20 days for slow calculus formers

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10
Q

mineralization of calculus can begin as early as _______ when a patients personal daily oral hygiene is inadequate

A

24-48 hours

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11
Q

formation time is strongly influenced by what

A

roughness of the tooth surface

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12
Q

subgingival biofilm develops as a result of downgrowth of ______

A

supragingival biofilm

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13
Q

subgingival biofilm contains what kind of bacteria that cause inflammation and destruction in soft tissue and lead to loss of attachment to the tooth surface and development and deepening of the pocket?

A

pathogenic bacteria

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14
Q

what is used for supragingival examination of calculus?

A

direct examination and compressed air

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15
Q

what is used for subgingival examination of calculus?

A

visual examination(air blast, transillumination), gingival tissue color change, tactile examination(probe and explorer), radiographic exam, dental endoscopy

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16
Q

what chemotherapeutic agents can be used for managing and minimizing calculus formation

A

pyrophosphates(antitartar) and triclosan(antimicrobial)

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17
Q

stains that occur on the external surface of the tooth, and may be removed by procedures of toothbrushing, scaling, and or polishing

A

extrinsic stains

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18
Q

stains that occur within the tooth surface and cannot be removed by scaling or polishing; may be removed by certain whitening procedures

A

intrinsic stain

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19
Q

stains that develop or originate from sources outside the tooth. may be extrinsic or intrinsic

A

exogenous

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20
Q

stains that develop or originate from within the tooth; are always intrinsic stains; discolorations of the dentin are reflected through the enamel

A

endogenous

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21
Q

where is green stain usually found?

A

facial proximal surfaces; facial gingival third of maxillary anterior teeth

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22
Q

what is green stain composed of?

A

chromogenic bacteria and fungi; decomposed hemoglobin, inorganic elements

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23
Q

occurance of green stain?

A

primarily found in childhood; collects on both permanent and primary teeth

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24
Q

green stain may result from the following:

A

chlorophyll preps, metallic dusts of industry, drugs such as marijuana

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25
Q

where is black line stain mostly?

A

contour of gingival margin about 1 mm from margin; facial and lingual surfaces–> *Most frequently on lingual and proximal surfaces of maxillary posterior teeth

26
Q

what is black stain mostly like/ composed of?

A

calculus– with gram positive rods

27
Q

occurence of black line stain

A

common in children and females , also people with clean mouths

28
Q

does black line stain tend to reoccur?

A

yes

29
Q

where does tobacco stain usually lie?

A

cervical third(wide tar like band and could go onto central third of crown), lingual surfaces, pits and fissures, gingival crest(narrow band)

30
Q

what is the composition of tobacco stain?

A

tar and products of combustion; brown pigment from smokeless tobacco

31
Q

light brown, sometimes yellowish stain forms on the teeth in the pellicle after repeated use of some _____

A

stannous fluoride products; results from tin oxide from reaction of tin ion in the fluoride compound

32
Q

what pigmented foods could give you brown stains?

A

tea, coffee, soy sauce

33
Q

a brownish stain may also result from what antibiofilm agents?

A

chlorehexidine and alexidine mouth rinses

34
Q

what kind of stain does betel leaf give a person?

A

dark mahogany brown, sometimes black stain; prevents caries

35
Q

what kind of stain does swimmers stain entail?

A

yellowish or dark brown stains on facial surfaces of max and mand incisors because of chlorine and bromine

36
Q

are orange and red stains rare or common?

A

rare; on anterior

37
Q

what kind of stain does copper or brass give off?

A

green or bluish green

38
Q

what kind of stain does iron give off?

A

brown to greenish brown

39
Q

what kind of stain does nickel give off?

A

green

40
Q

what kind of stain does cadmium give off?

A

yellow or golden brown

41
Q

what metallic substances can give off stains that are found in drugs/ medicine?

A

iron and manganese

42
Q

what color stain do pulpless or traumatized teeth give off?endogenous intrinsic

A

light yellow-brown, slate gray, reddish-brown, dark brown, bluish-black or black- very wide range; some have orange or greenish tinge

43
Q

what hereditary/genetic condition where the enamel is partially or completely missing because of a generalized disturbance of the ameloblasts; teeth are yellowish-brown or gray-brown

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

44
Q

what hereditary/genetic condition where the dentin is abnormal as a result of disturbances in the odontoblastic layer during development. teeth translucent or opalescent and vary in color from gray to bluish brown

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta(opalescent dentin)

45
Q

chronologic hypoplasia resulting from ameloblastic disturbance of short duration; teeth erupt with white spots or pits. over long period of time, white spots may become discolored from food pigments or other substances taken into the mouth

A

generalized enamel hypoplasia

46
Q

dental fluorosis is actually what?

A

enamel hypomineralization

47
Q

results from ingestion of excessive fluoride ion from any source during the period of mineralization; the enamel alterations are a result of toxic damage to the ameloblasts

A

enamel hypomineralization

48
Q

which antibiotic can be absorbed by the bones and teeth and can be transferred through the placenta and enter fetal circulation

A

tetracyclines

49
Q

discoloration of the teeth of a child ca result when tetracyclines are administered to the mother during what trimester of pregnancy?

A

third

50
Q

what color are the teeth when stained with tetracycline?

A

light green to dark yellow, or a gray-brown, with or without banding

51
Q

prolonged jaundice early in life can impart a what color stain?(endogenous intrinsic)

A

yellow or greenish

52
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis may leave a what hue to the teeth?

A

green, brown, or blue hue to the teeth

53
Q

can extrinsic stains such as tobacco, tea, coffee, wine, and green stains become intrinsic?

A

yes

54
Q

what kind of intrinsic stain can silver nitrate have?

A

bluish-black

55
Q

what kind of intrinsic staining can volatile oils have?

A

yellowish-brown

56
Q

what kind of intrinsic staining can strong iodine have?

A

brown

57
Q

what kind of intrinsic staining can aureomycin have?

A

yellow

58
Q

what kind of intrinsic staining can silver containing root canal sealer have?

A

black

59
Q

materials used during endodontic therapy cause what type of intrinsic staining?

A

exogenous

60
Q

the loss of hard tissue by chemical means such as acidic foods(including carbonated drinks), eating disorder(bulemia) and acid reflux disease

A

enamel erosion

Dental Hygiene 3020 Test 1 (5 decks)

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