Exam 3 Old Exams

Question 1

Specific mechanism of anti-coag rodenticide

Answer 1

Inhibits the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase, ->
responsible for converting the inactive vitamin K epoxide to the recycled active vitamin K. ->
which activates 2, 7, 9, 10 ->
It take time to deplete the stores of vitamin K and it also takes time to deplete the stores of clotting factors

Question 2

best V med for dogs

Answer 2

apomorphine

Question 3

best samples of live sheep to give for Cu toxicity

Answer 3

serum to assess GGT & AST

Question 4

best V med for cats

Answer 4

dexmedetomidine

Question 5

TWO major detoxification pathways of acetaminophen in dogs and cats

Answer 5

glucuronidation and sulfation

Question 6

SPECIFICALLY how N-acetylcysteine works for acetaminophen intoxications

Answer 6

N-acetylcysteine can enter the cell & serve as a precursor for glutathione, ->
binds the active metabolite and allows it be excreted without harming the RBC and the liver.

Question 7

specific mechanism of action of NSAIDs Tox

Answer 7

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin synthetase) which leads to a lack of PGI2 and PGE2 production, leading to gastric mucosal ulceration and renal papillary necrosis.

Question 8

Misoprostol?

Answer 8

prostaglandin analogue

Question 9

Why is ILE therapy (intravenous lipid emulsion therapy) NOT recommended in a situational exposure like this, even though carprofen has a high lipid solubility

Answer 9

1. Should only be considered if all other treatments have failed
2. Recent studies have shown that if given prophylactically, you can see enhanced uptake of the toxin from the GIT.

Question 10

What is the one BEST sample to collect from a dead cow to analytically confirm nitrate poisoning?

Answer 10

eyeball

Question 11

treat nitrate poisoning

Answer 11

methylene blue

Question 12

why dogs are more sensitive to phenoxy herbicides than other species

Answer 12

poor ability for tubular secretion of organic acids

Question 13

Name the chelator that can be used in serious poisonings that will remove iron from the body

Answer 13

deferoxamine

Question 14

copper’s histologic lesions you would expect to see in the kidney

Answer 14

acute tubular degeneration and necrosis with hemoglobin casts (don’t forget the hemolysis)

Question 15

The animal species most sensitive to the toxic effects of vomitoxin

Answer 15

swine

Question 16

Describe the mechanism of action of acetaminophen toxicities AND explain why the cat is more sensitive to toxicities than dogs

Answer 16

• glucuronidation and sulfation are overloaded, ->
• more acetaminophen is converted to the reactive intermediate ->
• glutathione supply is depleted
• reactive intermediate is around to cause hepatic necrosis, methemoglobinemia and hemolysis.

The cat is more sensitive because the sulfation pathways is more saturable